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conversion of hydroxide into carbon-coated phosphide using plasma for sodium ion batteries

Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2023-2029页

作者： Jin Liang Guoyin Zhu Yizhou Zhang Hanfeng Liang Wei Huang Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing 211800China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics(IAMFE)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing University of Posts&TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)are promising candidates for sodium ion battery anode materials because of their high theoretical capacity and earth *** to many other P-based conversion type electrodes,TMPs suffer from large volumetric expansion upon cycling and thus quick performance ***,TMPs are easily oxidized in air,resulting in a surface phosphate layer that not only decreases the electric conductivity but also hinders the Na ion *** this work,we present a general electrode design that overcomes these two major challenges facing *** metal hydroxide and glucose as precursors,we show that the metal hydroxide can be converted into phosphide whereas the glucose simultaneously decomposes and forms carbon shell on the phosphide particles under a plasma ***2P@C core shell structures as a proof-of-concept are designed and *** in situ formed carbon shell protects the Ni2P from ***,the high-energy plasma introduces porosity and vacancies to the Ni2P and more importantly produces phosphorus-rich nickel phosphides(NiPx).As a result,the Ni2P@C electrodes achieve high sodium capacity(693 mAh·g^(−1) after 50 cycles at 100 mA·g^(−1))and excellent cyclability(steady capacity maintained for at least 1,500 cycles).Our work provides a general strategy for enhancing the sodium storage performance of TMPs,and in general many other conversion type electrode materials that are unstable in air and suffer from large volumetric changes upon cycling.

关键词： porous anodes Ni2P plasma conversion phosphorus-rich sodium ion batteries

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