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Evaluating agricultural water-use efficiency based on water footprint of crop values: a case study in Xinjiang of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 580-593页

作者： HAI Yang LONG Aihua ZHANG Pei DENG Xiaoya LI Junfeng DENG Mingjiang State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China Xinjiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Planning and Design Management Bureau Urumqi 830000China

Efficient agricultural water use is crucial for food safety and water conservation on a global scale. To quantitatively investigate the agricultural water-use efficiency in regions exhibiting the complex agricultural structure, this study developed an indicator named water footprint of crop values(WFV) that is based on the water footprint of crop production. Defined as the water volume used to produce a unit price of crop(m^3/CNY), the new indicator makes it feasible to directly compare the water footprint of different crops from an economic perspective, so as to comprehensively evaluate the water-use efficiency under the complex planting structure. On the basis of WFV, the study further proposed an indicator of structural water-use coefficient(SWUC), which is represented by the ratio of water-use efficiency for a given planting structure to the water efficiency for a reference crop and can quantitatively describe the impact of planting structure on agricultural water efficiency. Then, a case study was implemented in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The temporal and spatial variations of WFV were assessed for the planting industries in 14 prefectures and cities of Xinjiang between 1991 and 2015. In addition, contribution rate analysis of WFV for different prefectures and cities was conducted to evaluate the variations of WFV caused by different influencing factors: agricultural input, climatic factors, and planting structure. Results from these analyses indicated first that the average WFV of planting industries in Xinjiang significantly decreased from 0.293 m^3/CNY in 1991 to 0.153 m^3/CNY in 2015, corresponding to an average annual change rate of –3.532%. WFV in 13 prefectures and cities(with the exception of Karamay) has declined significantly during the period of 1991–2015, indicating that agricultural water-use efficient has effectively improved. Second, the average SWUC in Xinjiang decreased from 1.17 to 1.08 m^3/CNY in the 1990 s, and then declined

关键词： agricultural input climatic factors contribution rate planting structure structural water-use coefficient water footprint of crop values

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Spatial Spillover Effects of the Impact of Agricultural Mechanization on Carbon Emission Intensity in Agriculture:An Empirical Study Based on the Panel Data of 282 Cities

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China Economic Transition 2023年第4期6卷 458-482页

作者： XU Qinghua ZHANG Guangsheng The College of Economics and Management Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 100866China Business School Liaoning UniversityShenyang 110136China

The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in *** agricultural farming practices that are high pollution and high energy cosuming have exacerbated the vulnerability of regional *** sustainable development of agriculture is faced with the two dilemmas of a low utilization rate of green resources and the serious pollution of ***,environmental and ecological carrying capacities have reached theirlimits,seriouslyhinderingtthe high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture in ***,based on the panel data of 282 cities,the Spatial Dubin Model(SDM)is employed to examine the impact of agricultural mechanization on carbon emission intensity in *** is found that from 1999 to 2019 carbon emission intensity in agriculture showed an overall downward trend;as of 2019,the agricultural field had completed the target of carbon emission reduction,,oneyear aheadof *** a local perspective,approximately 14.89%6of fagricultural industries in prefecture-level city have still not achieved carbon emission reduction targets,and agricultural carbon emission reduction tasks were better completed in major grain-producing areas than in nonmajor grain-producing *** mechanization has significantly reduced carbonemission intensityyinlocal agriculture *** impact of agricultural mechanizationoncarbon emission intensity in agriculture has not only a significant negative spatial spillover effect but also a significant effect on spatial carbon emission *** with non-major ggrain-producingareas,agricultural mechanization plays a greater role in reducing spatial carbon emissions in major grain-producing *** studies find that agricultural mechanization is conducive to overcome difficulties,such as instability of property rights

关键词： agricultural mechanization carbon emission intensity in agriculture planting structure spatial spillover effect low-carbon agriculture

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Impact of agricultural development on variation in surface runoff in arid regions:a case of the Aksu River Basin

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第4期4卷 399-410页

作者： XinHuan ZHANG DeGang YANG XinYi XIANG Xiang HUANG Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China

Located in the south of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, the Tarim River is the longest inland river in China. Agricultural development, excessive exploitation and low surface water use efficiency in the headstream regions have led to a marked decrease in the water supply to the mainstream. This, in turn, has resulted in the drying-up of the watercourse in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and serious deterioration of the eco-environment. The Aksu River Basin, the most important headstream of the Tarim River, was selected as the research area in this study. Taking elastic coefficient, water demand coefficient and water utilization intensity as the indices, we studied the impact of agricultural development on decreasing surface runoff since the 1950s. The re- sults indicated that （1） the increasing rate of consumption of surface runoff outstripped the rate of increase meas- ured in the natural catchment discharge, resulting in ever diminishing stream discharge into the Tarim River. Agri- cultural irrigation and seepage loss in irrigation canal systems were the major sources for runoff consumption, tak- ing 63.72% of the overall runoff consumption. What＇s more, agricultural water consumption took up more than 97% of the water used for long-term production; （2） the expansion of cultivated land, change of planting structure and comparatively low agricultural irrigation efficiency all contributed to the decrease in surface runoff of the Aksu River. The elasticity coefficient of surface runoff reduction corresponding to the increase in planted area was 0.34 in the 1950s, while in the 2000s it had increased to 7.87. This reflected a more sensitive response of runoff decrease to cultivated land expansion. The increase in cotton and fruit production, without widely-used scientific irrigation methods and water-saving technology, led to considerable waste of the water resources. Meanwhile, the irrigation efficiency was still quite low, characterized by the waste of water r

关键词： agricultural water use efficiency cultivated land area planting structure surface runoff variation Aksu River Basin

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Agricultural Luminous Energy Resource and Its Utilization in Fushun City

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2010年第4期1卷 32-34,60页

作者：李金义银燕祝新宇迟贵富南京信息工程大学江苏南京210044 辽宁省气象局辽宁沈阳110001 辽宁省防雷中心辽宁沈阳110015 辽宁省抚顺市气象局辽宁抚顺113006

The solar global radiation from 1957 to 2006 was calculated in Fushun region and its seasonal,geographical and inter-annual variation were ***,relationship between yield and solar energy use efficiency of rice,corn and soybean were analyzed *** results showed that Fushun County had the most solar global radiation in Fushun region,while Xinbin County had the *** solar global radiation in warm season accounted for 72% of the total solar radiation in one *** maximum solar global radiation occurred in May,while theminimum value in December,with a period of 19 *** addition,crop yield was proportional to solar energy use efficiency.

关键词： Solar energy Global radiation planting structure Solar energy potential productivity China

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小农的种粮逻辑

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农业经济研究 2019年第2期

作者：罗必良张露仇童伟

基于已有文献对中国粮食安全问题的质疑与担忧，作者回顾了改革开放40年以来我国农业种植结构调整从“去粮化”到“趋粮化”的历史性转变。文章认为，2003年以来中国粮食长期且连续的增长，并非由外生的经济因素直接激发，亦非农业税减... 详细信息

基于已有文献对中国粮食安全问题的质疑与担忧，作者回顾了改革开放40年以来我国农业种植结构调整从“去粮化”到“趋粮化”的历史性转变。文章认为，2003年以来中国粮食长期且连续的增长，并非由外生的经济因素直接激发，亦非农业税减免和农业补贴政策的直接诱导，而是由农户在要素流动与卷入农业分工的过程中所内生的自我执行机制来决定的。理论与实证研究表明，中国小农的种粮逻辑是通过要素配置、地权预期、分工深化三个方面来共同表达的。小规模分散化的农业家庭经营格局并不构成中国粮食安全的阻碍，相反，却内含着重要的组织优势与可动员潜力。文章进一步讨论了保障中国粮食安全的基本策略与政策选择。

关键词：农业家庭经营种植结构 “去粮化” “趋粮化” 中国粮食安全 family farming planting structure declining production in grain crops increasing production in grain crops food security in China

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北朝农作物种植结构的变化对府兵制形成的影响

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魏晋南北朝隋唐史 2012年第5期

作者：李文涛

北魏时期，因为军事需要，各地建立了乡兵组织。但到了北齐、北周时期，乡兵组织逐渐分化，北周在乡兵基础上建立了府兵制，北齐乡兵没有转化为政府军队。造成这种状况的原因是北方种植结构发生了一定的变化。自汉武帝时期开始在黄河流... 详细信息

北魏时期，因为军事需要，各地建立了乡兵组织。但到了北齐、北周时期，乡兵组织逐渐分化，北周在乡兵基础上建立了府兵制，北齐乡兵没有转化为政府军队。造成这种状况的原因是北方种植结构发生了一定的变化。自汉武帝时期开始在黄河流域扩大的冬小麦种植到了北朝时在一些地区逐渐萎缩，粟豆又成为该地区的主粮之一。种植结构的变化，使农民的闲暇时间也有一定的改变，也使建立在此基础之上的一些制度发生了变化，府兵制在关中地区兴起就是其中的反映。在北朝时期，由于气候发生变化、战乱及关中地区降水量减少，冬小麦种植面积减少，农民闲暇时间增多，亦兵亦农的府兵制逐渐形成。而在关东地区，由于还普遍存在小麦的种植，这一地区的兵制没有发生变化。府兵制的出现，对中国历史产生了深远的影响。

关键词：北朝府兵制种植结构冬小麦乡兵 the Northern Dynasty government military system planting structure winter wheat local military organization

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Imitated Ecological Cultivation Technology of Dendrobium offcinale: A Case Study of Longshitou Village,Longmen County

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2021年第2期12卷 24-26页

作者： Xiulian Lin Yingjun Zhou Junhong Zhong Jinhe Zhu Xiaoru Chen Yonggeng Lin Minchun Huang Lihua Yang Zhi Zhang Huizhou Engineering Vocational College Huizhou 516023China

In order to optimize the planting structure of Longshitou Village in Longmen County and promote the efficient cultivation of Dendrobium offcinale industry,the imitate ecological cultivation technology of *** is studied from the aspects of site selection,seedling domestication,seedling colonization,and disease and pest control after colonization according to the natural environmental conditions of Longshitou Village.

关键词： Dendrobium offcinale Imitated ecological cultivation planting structure

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