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A plant nutrition strategy for ex-situ conservation based on "Ecological Similarity"

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Journal of Forestry Research 2008年第4期19卷 329-334页

作者：万开元陈防陶勇陈树森张过师中国科学院武汉植物园武汉430074 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

This paper reviewed a large scale conservation work of rare and endangered plants currently conducted in main botanical gardens in China, and the existed, predictable and neglected problems on plant growth and reproduction in ex-situ conservation process. Considered the status quo in plant ex conservation, a nutritional strategy on the plant conservation was proposed based on ＇Ecological Similarity＇. Its main idea was that the ex-situ conservation plants coming from natural ecosystem were compulsively allocated in the agro-ecosystems and would return to natural ecosystem ultimately. Therefore, research on plant nutrition of the ex-situ conservation plants should neither just pursue yield and quality as that in agro-ecosystems nor merely stay on intrinsic natures without human intervening. We should give attentions to both of their attributes as in natural ecosystems and in agro-ecosystems, i.e., taking full advantage of plant nutritional measures as in agro-ecosystems to solve actual survival problems of the ex-conservation plants, and ensuring the final goal of returning to nature and playing its ecological role.

关键词： ex-situ conservation ecological similarity plant nutrition conservation strategy

Cadmium uptake by different rice genotypes that produce white or dark grains

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第6期16卷 962-967页

作者： CUIYu-jing ZHUYortg-guan F.AndrewSmith SallyE.Smith ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085China SoilandLandSystems SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalSciencesTheUniversityofAdelaideSA5005Australia

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate cadmium(Cd) uptake by different rice cultivars that produce white or dark grains. Four cultivars with white grains(hereafter, white rice) and five cultivars with dark colors (hereafter dark rice) were selected for this experiment. Three levels of soil Cd concentrations, background(0), 5 and 10 mg/kg, were used. After harvest, plant biomass, tissue concentrations of Cd, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn were analyzed. The results showed that Cd concentrations are significantly different between different genotypes, but when comparing the Cd concentrations for the two groups, no significant difference was found. For other divalent cations, Ca concentrations in dark rice were higher than those in white ones(P<0.001 for shoots, P=0.037 for roots); Fe concentrations in dark rice were also higher than those in white ones(P=0.001 either in shoot or root); Zn concentrations in shoot of dark rice were higher than those in white ones, but no significant difference in roots. The total molar concentrations of divalent cations in dark rice were also significantly higher than in white rice. The potential benefit of higher Ca and Fe concentrations in dark rice and similar Cd concentrations in both groups is also discussed in this paper.

关键词： cadmium nutrient deficiency plant nutrition rice dark grain soil contamination

Potassium and phosphorus transport and signaling in plants

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2021年第1期63卷 34-52页

作者： Yi Wang Yi-Fang Chen Wei-Hua Wu State Key Laboratory of plant Physiology and Biochemistry(SKLPPB) College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Nitrogen(N), potassium(K), and phosphorus(P) are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and their availability affects crop yield. Compared with N, the relatively low availability of K and P in soils limits crop production and thus threatens food security and agricultural sustainability. Improvement of plant nutrient utilization efficiency provides a potential route to overcome the effects of K and P deficiencies. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants sense, absorb, transport, and use K and P is an important prerequisite to improve crop nutrient utilization efficiency. In this review, we summarize current understanding of K and P transport and signaling in plants, mainly taking Arabidopsis thaliana and rice(Oryza sativa) as examples. We also discuss the mechanisms coordinating transport of N and K, as well as P and N.

关键词： phosphorus plant nutrition potassium transport signaling

Nutrient changes in potting mix and Eucalyptus nitens leaf tissue under macadamia biochar amendments

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 379-389页

作者： A.Wrobel-Tobiszewska M.Boersma J.Sargison P.Adams B.Singh S.Franks C.J.Birch D.C.Close CREPS Centre for Renewable Energy and Power SystemsSchool of Engineering and ICTUniversity of TasmaniaEngineering BuildingDobson RoadSandy Bay CampusHobartAustralia Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture University of Tasmania16-20 Mooreville RoadPO Box 3523Burnie 7320Australia JSA Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd Ellerslie HouseLevel 1119 Sandy Bay RoadSandy BayTAS 7005Australia Forestry Tasmania 79 Melville StreetHobartTAS 7000Australia Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Center for CarbonWater and FoodBiomedical BuildingUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

The effect of macadamia nut shell biochar on nitrogen,potassium,phosphorus,magnesium,calcium and sodium concentrations in potting mix used to grow Eucalyptus nitens seedlings was investigated in a glasshouse *** treatments combined two fertiliser rates（50 and 100% rate of the commercial mix commonly used in forestry nurseries） with eight biochar rates(0,2,5,10,20,50,80 and 100 t ha;) arranged in a randomised complete block with three replicates of four sample *** were quantified in the potting mix and seedling leaves at four destructive harvests 135,177,219 and269 days after *** significantly increased nitrate-N,Colwell P,Colwell K and exchangeable Na andreduced ammonium-N,Mg and Ca concentrations in the potting *** leaf concentrations of P,K and Na were increased by biochar application,while N remained dependent on fertiliser rate *** and Ca leaf concentrations decreased in response to increasing biochar *** nitrate-N and decreased ammonium-N concentrations suggest that biochar might have increased nitrification in the potting *** presumed that biochar mediated processes that reduced uptake of P and K when high doses of biochar were combined with full *** in potting mix K,Na,Mg and Ca were consistent with selective adsorption of ions to biochar surfaces.

关键词： Charcoal Forest plantation plant nutrition Seedlings Soil chemistry

plant growth and metabolism of exotic and native Crotalaria species for mine land rehabilitation in the Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 143-154页

作者： Hemelyn Soares das Chagas Rafael Silva Guedes Markus Gastauer Paula Godinho Ribeiro Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato Cecílio Frois Caldeira Fabrício William deÁvila AndréRodrigues dos Reis Silvio Junio Ramos Instituto Tecnológico Vale Rua Boaventura da Silva955BelémPA 66055-090Brazil Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará XinguaraPABrazil Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaParagominasPABrazil Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTROIratiPRBrazil School of Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University(UNESP)TupãSP.CEP 17602-496Brazil

Despite its enormous benefits,mining is respon-sible for intense changes to vegetation and soil ***,after extraction,it is necessary to rehabilitate the mined areas,creating better conditions for the establishment of plant species which is *** study evaluated mineral and organic fertilization on the growth,and carbon and nitrogen(N)metabolism of two Crotalaria species[Cro-talaria spectabilis(exotic species)and Crotalaria maypu-rensis(native species from Carajás Mineral Province(CMP)]established on a waste pile from an iron mine in CMP.A control(without fertilizer application)and six fertilization mixtures were tested(i=NPK;ii=NPK+micronutrients;iii=NPK+micronutrients+organic compost;iv=PK;v=PK+micronutrients;vi=PK+micronutrients+organic compost).Fertilization contributed to increased growth of both species,and treatments with NPK and micronutrients had the best results(up to 257%***),while organic fertilization did not show *** Crotalaria had a greater number of nodules,higher nodule dry mass,chlorophyll a and b contents and showed free ammonium as the predominant N form,reflecting greater increments in biomass compared to native *** having lower growth,the use of this native species in the rehabilitation of mining areas should be considered,mainly because it has good development and meets current government legislation as an opportunity to restore local biodiversity.

关键词： Biological nitrogen fixation Mining Nitrogen metabolism plant nutrition

Effects of K and N nutrition on Function and Production of Ranunculus asiaticus

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Pedosphere 2011年第3期21卷 288-301页

作者： N.BERNSTEIN M.IOFFE G.LURIA M.BRUNER Y.NISHRI S.PHILOSOPH-HADAS S.SALIM I.DORI E.MATAN Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Science AROThe Volcani CenterPOB 6 Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce AROThe Volcani Center Havat Habsor R&D SouthMP Negev 4

Potassium （K） affects a range of physiological processes in the plant and is a key factor controlling crop productivity and yield quality. Little information is available concerning effects of K nutrition on function of cut flower plants. The present study was carried out to investigate the interaction between K and N nutrition, on flower quantity and quality of Ranunculus asiaticus L. The plants were supplied with three levels of K fertigation （60, 120, or 180 mg K L-1） under 50 mg N L-1 application, and at the intermediate level of 120 mg K L-1, to three levels of N applications （50, 100, or 150 mg N L-l）. The two lowest K treatments and the lowest N treatment excelled in flower production due to the lower incidence of stem-toppling, a disorder associated with localized Ca deficiencies in rapidly expanding tissues of the flower stem. Detrimental effects in terms of yield quality were apparent already under supply of 180 mg K L-1 and 50 mg N L-1, and were not associated with changes in osmotic potential, relative water content or membrane stability of the plant tissue, or with changes in mineral contents of the leaves other than reduced Ca under high N application. Our results suggest a low nutritional requirement of R. asiaticus L. for K and N, a lack of involvement of tissue water relations in the reduced flower quality under the application of high concentrations of K and N, and an induction of stem toppling under high application of N and K by reduced availability of Ca to the expanding tissue of the flower stem.

关键词： calcium cut-flower plant nutrition stem-topple

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate plant mineral nutrient uptake and partitioning in iron ore tailings undergoing eco-engineered pedogenesis

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 385-398页

作者： Zhen LI Songlin WU Yunjia LIU Qing YI Merinda HALL Narottam SAHA Junjian WANG Yuanfang HUANG Longbin HUANG College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Excess available K and Fe in Fe ore tailings with organic matter amendment and water-deficiencies may restrain plant colonization and growth,which hinders the formation of eco-engineered soil from these tailings for sustainable and cost-effective mine site *** mycorrhizal(AM)fungi are widely demonstrated to assist plant growth under various unfavorable ***,it is still unclear whether AM symbiosis in tailings amended with different types of plant biomass and under different water conditions could overcome the surplus K and Fe stress for plants in Fe ore tailings,and if so,by what ***,host plants(Sorghum *** ***),either colonized or noncolonized by the AM fungi(Glomus spp.),were cultivated in lucerne hay(LH,C:N ratio of 18)-or sugarcane mulch(SM,C:N ratio of 78)-amended Fe ore tailings under well-watered(55%water-holding capacity(WHC)of tailings)or water-deficient(30%WHC of tailings)*** mycorrhizal colonization,plant growth,and mineral elemental uptake and partitioning were *** indicated that AM fungal colonization improved plant growth in tailings amended with plant biomass under water-deficient *** mycorrhizal fungal colonization enhanced plant mineral element uptake,especially P,both in the LH-and SM-amended tailings regardless of water ***,AM symbiosis development restrained the translocation of excess elements(i.e.,K and Fe)from plant roots to shoots,thereby relieving their *** AM fungal roles in P uptake and excess elemental partitioning were greater in LH-amended tailings than in SM-amended *** deficiency weakened AM fungal colonization and functions in terms of mineral element uptake and *** findings highlighted the vital role AM fungi played in regulating plant growth and nutrition status in Fe ore tailings technosol,providing an important basis for involvement of AM fungi in the eco-engineered pedo

关键词： Fe stress fungal symbiosis K stress mine site rehabilitation mycorrhizal colonization plant biomass amendment plant nutrition water deficiency

A modified Murashige and Skoog media for efficient multipleshoot induction in G. arborea Roxb.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 557-564页

作者： Shilpa S. Madke Konglanth J. Cherian Rupesh S. Badere Department of Botany Hislop College Department of Botany RTM Nagpur University M. J. Phuley Educational Campus

This paper reports on the effect of various micropropagation factors of Gmelina arborea Roxb. through multiple shoot induction. Factors like the source and age of explants, plant growth regulators （PGRs）, media composition, and carbon source affected multiple shoot-ing in the present study. Among all the explants used, only shoot tips derived from one, two, and three week old seedlings could form multiple shoots. Besides, the formation of multiple shoots depended on the con-centration and combination of PGRs. Among all the PGRs, BAP （6-benzylaminopurine） alone gave the highest regeneration efficiency. Simi-larly, IBA （Indole-3-butyric acid） was the most efficient PGR in inducing root formation in the microshoots. Media composition and carbon source also affected the regeneration efficiency. MS （Murashige and Skoog medium） proved to be the best media for regeneration followed by B5, SH （Schenk and Hilderbrandt medium） and WPM （Woody plant medium） in that order. Similarly, among sugars, only sucrose and glucose sup-ported induction of microshoots. Based on this study we recommend the use of glucose in place of sucrose in MS medium for maximum regenera-tion efficiency.

关键词： agroforestry micropropagation plant nutrition shoot tipexplant timber plant Verbenaceae

Iron uptake, signaling, and sensing in plants

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plant Communications 2022年第5期3卷 75-87页

作者： Gang Liang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical plant Resources and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenKunmingYunnan 650223China

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that affects the growth and development of plants because it participates as a cofactor in numerous physiological and biochemical reactions. As a transition metal, Fe is redoxactive. Fe often exists in soil in the form of insoluble ferric hydroxides that are not bioavailable to *** have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure an adequate supply of Fe in a fluctuating environment. plants can sense Fe status and modulate the transcription of Fe uptake-associated genes, finallycontrolling Fe uptake from soil to root. There is a critical need to understand the molecular mechanisms bywhich plants maintain Fe homeostasis in response to Fe fluctuations. This review focuses on recentadvances in elucidating the functions of Fe signaling components. Taking Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryzasativa as examples, this review begins by discussing the Fe acquisition systems that control Fe uptake fromsoil, the major components that regulate Fe uptake systems, and the perception of Fe status. Future explorations of Fe signal transduction will pave the way for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of plant Fe homeostasis.

关键词： iron metal homeostasis Fe uptake Fe signaling Fe sensor plant nutrition