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Gender Differences in Auditory Perception and Computational Divided Attention Tasks

Computer Technology and Application 2012年第9期3卷 636-641页

作者： Bankole K. Fasanya Maranda E. McBride: Regina Pope-Ford Celestine Ntuen Department of Industrial and System Engineering North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro NC 27455 USA Department of Management School of Business & Economics North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro NC 27455USA

Women have been stereotyped as better multitaskers when compared to their male counterparts. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in gender performance when performing cognitive combined tasks. Twenty-four graduate students （twelve females and twelve males） volunteered to participate in the study. The task requires participants to indicate when they perceive a change in the intensity of an auditory signal while simultaneously solving algebraic problems. Multivariate Analysis of Variance （MANOVA） results reveal no significant differences between genders when performing the combined tasks （p = 0.1831 and 2 = 0.7891） although the average number of false alarms made during the combined tasks by males is nearly 11% higher than the average number of false alarms made by females. However, （Multivariate Analysis of Variance） ANOVA results for the combined tasks show that males outperform females on the computational task while listening for changes in the auditory signal F（1, 22） - 5.09, p 〈 0.03, but there are no significant differences in their ability to detect noise intensity variation or in the number of false alarms made while multitasking. For the single task analysis the ANOVAs indicate no significant differences in signal detection task performance, computational task performance, or the number of false alarms made by males and females.

关键词： pink noise background noise tolerance level (BNTL) multitasking acoustic chamber azimuths.

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An Empirical Study of Reading by Chinese English Majors in the Presence of Background Speech

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Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 2014年第2期37卷 213-230,265页

作者：何享李霄翔江苏科技大学外国语学院东南大学外国语学院

This study investigated how background speech affected L1 and L2 reading of Chinese English major students. English, Dutch, and Mandarin Chinese were respectively set as the second language （L2）, foreign language （FL）, and first language （L1） background speech conditions. Self-paced word-by-word reading paradigm was used to collect the response time （RT） of each word. The conventional analysis revealed that L1 background speech exerted the most disruptive effect on both L1 and L2 reading could be phonological and could be at the and suggested that the background speech effect stage of phonological processing of L1 and L2 reading. It also implied that L1 phonological processing could be simultaneously activated during L2 reading. Spectral analysis of ten subjects＇ reading data indicated that pink noise existed in each time series of word RT of L1 and L2 reading in each condition. It provided clear evidence that L1 and L2 reading processing are similar with different concurrent background speech.

关键词： reading phonological processing background speech pink noise spectral analysis

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