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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 26-40页

作者： Longwei Xi Qisheng Lu Yulong Liu Jingzhi Su Wen Chen Yulong Gong Dong Han Yunxia Yang Zhimin Zhang Junyan Jin Haokun Liu Xiaoming Zhu Shouqi Xie State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Wuhan 430072China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds.However,the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive.This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance,pigmentation,and liver health in largemouth bass.Five diets were formulated to replace dietary fish meal of 0%(C0,control),25%(C25),50%(C50),75%(C75),and 100%(C100)with Chlorella meal,respectively.Total 300 fish(17.6±0.03 g)were randomly assigned to 15 tanks(3 tanks/group).Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily for 8 weeks.The increased dietary Chlorella meal quadratically influenced the final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),and feed intake(FI),which were significantly lower in the C100 group than in the other groups(Ppigmentation;however,total replacement of fish meal(40%)with Chl

关键词： Chlorella meal Growth Liver health Micropterus salmoides pigmentation

In Vivo Modeling of Zebrafish Zinc Finger,MIZ-Type Containing 1 Expression and Its Effect on pigmentation

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2023年第1期6卷 15-19页

作者： Yong-Hu Sun Ting-Ting Liu Zi-Hao Mi Chuan Wang Lu-Lu Sun Kang-Kang Ge Dong-Lai Sheng Hong Liu Fu-Ren Zhang Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Veneurology&Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical ScienceJinanShandong 250000China Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology JinanShandong 250000China National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology JinanShandong 250000China Hangzhou Normal University HangzhouZhejiang 310000China

Objective:The zinc finger,MIZ-type containing 1(ZMIZ1)gene has been identified as a possible susceptibility gene associated with vitiligo,therefore we conducted this study to investigate the role ofZMIZ1 in pigmentation.Methods:We generate a zebrafish loss-of-function model using morpholino oligonucleotides(MOs),and two orthologs of humanZMIZ1 have been annotated(ZMIZ1a andZMIZ1b).The expression profiles of ZMIZ1a and ZMIZ1b and their effects on the pigmentation in zebrafish were evaluated by using whole-mount in situ hybridization and melanin quantification.Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired Studentt-test or one-way analysis.Results:Investigation of the temporal and spatial expressions of these two transcripts suggested that the expressions ofZMIZ1a andZMIZ1b in the brain start to emerge in a ubiquitous fashion from 2 days post-fertilization onwards.After the successful design and validation of MOs,we observed thatZMIZ1a andZMIZ1b MOs caused embryonic developmental delays and malformations in zebrafish.Further analysis of the melanin content in the morphants revealed thatZMIZ1a significantly(49.1%for 0.667 mmol/L inZMIZI1a group,P=0.03)reduced the melanin content in a dose-dependent manner,but only the highest concentration of injectedZMIZ1b MOs significantly(50%for 0.667 mmol/L inZMIZ1b group,P=0.02)reduced the melanin content.A tyrosinase inhibition assay indicated no significant difference between the morphants and wild-type zebrafish.Conclusion:This study successfully modeled a susceptibility gene identified by genome-wide association studies in a zebrafish loss-of-function model and provides insights into the biological mechanism of pigmentation.

关键词： pigmentation zebrafish zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1(ZMIZ1)

CRISPR/Cas9-based mutation reveals Argonaute 1 is essential for pigmentation in Ostrinia fumacalis

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Insect Science 2019年第6期26卷 1020-1028页

作者： Lang You Hong-Lun Bi Yao-Hui Wang Xiao-Wei Li Xi-En Chen Zhi-Qian Li CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Ostrinia fumacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in Asia. Traditional pest-management methods include sex pheromone capture, transgenic crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, and pesticides. Although these strategies control pest populations effectively, they also cause negative side effects, including dramatically increased pesticide resistance, severe pollution, and hazards for human health. Recently developed genome editing tools provide new prospects for pest management and have been successfully used in several species. However, few examples have been reported in the agricultural pest O. fumacalis due to a lack in genomic information. In this report, we identified only one transcript of O. fumacalis Argonaute 1 (OfAgo 1) gene from the genome and cloned the open reading frame. OfAgol presented the maximum expression at the embryo stage or in the fat body during the larval stages. To understand its function, an OfAgol mutant was constructed using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9). Mutagenesis of OfAgol disrupted cuticle pigmentation by dowregulating micro RNAs and pigmentation-related genes. This is the first report for the cloning and functional analysis of OfAgol, revealing a role of OfAgol in cuticle pigmentation. The current report also established a CRISPR/Cas9 system in O. fumacalisy providing a new insight for pest management.

关键词： Agol CRISPR/Cas9 cuticle pigmentation Ostrinia fumacalis pest management

Reduced pigmentation and thyroid hormone disruption in zebrafish embryos caused by industrial sludge near Bohai Bay,China

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Water Biology and Security

Water Biology and Security 2023年第4期2卷 36-44页

作者： Wenjing Dong Xiaoyu Yin Chelimuge Qi Tingting Wei Lijia Wei Jingfeng Yang Jingli Mu Hiroki Teraoka Wu Dong College of Animal Science and Technology Inner Mongolia Minzu University/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and ToxicologyTongliao028000China School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsu069-8501Japan College of Geography and Oceanography Minjiang UniversityFuzhou350108China

In recent years,pollution caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater into Bohai Bay has posed a potential threat to the health of surrounding residents.Sludge was collected from the outlet of a factory that discharges effluent into Bohai Bay,and alcohol extracts of sludge(SE)were prepared.We confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis that the SE contained PAHs,including fluorene,pyrene,and phenanthrene.Zebrafish embryos as animal models were exposed to 0.1,0.3,0.5,1 and 5 mg/mL SE from 2 to 4 h post-fertilization(hpf)until 120 hpf.The results showed that SE caused a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and a decrease in hatchability.We found that SE significantly reduced eye pigmentation and decreased the movement of embryos and larvae.In addition,SE decreased triiodothyronine(T3)content and down-regulated the mRNA expression of some thyroid hormone-related genes including TPO and Thrβ,and caused the up-regulation of Dio2 and Dio3 at 120 hpf.Exposure to three individual PAHs found in SE,namely fluorene,pyrene,and phenanthrene,caused morphological and transcriptional changes that were similar to those caused by SE exposure.These findings indicate that PAHs in SE can reduce the pigmentation of zebrafish,which may be related to the genetic changes associated with thyroid hormones,and that zebrafish eye pigmentation can be used as an indicator of PAHs exposure.

关键词： Bohai bay PAHs pigmentation Thyroxine Zebrafish embryos

Melanin synthesis genes BgTH and BgDdc affect body color and cuticle permeability in Blattella germanica

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Insect Science 2022年第6期29卷 1552-1568页

作者： Tian-Tian Bai Xiao-Jin Pei Tong-Xian Liu Yong-Liang Fan Shi-Ze Zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of lIntegrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Present address:Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China

Melanin is involved in cuticle pigmentation and sclerotization of insects,which is critical for maintaining structural integrity and functional completeness of insect cuti-cle.The 2 key enzymes of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and dopa decarboxylase(DDC)predicted in melanin biosynthesis are usually conserved in insects.However,it is unclear whether their function is related to epidermal permeability.In this study,we identified and cloned the gene sequences of BgTH and BgDdc from Blattella germanica,and revealed that they both showed a high expression at the molting,and BgTH was abundant in the head and integument while BgDdc was expressed highest in the fat body.Using RNA in-terference(RNAi),we found that knockdown of BgTH caused molting obstacles in some cockroaches,with the survivors showing pale color and softer integuments,while knock-down of BgDdc was viable and generated an abnormal light brown body color.Desiccation assay showed that the dsBgTH-injected adults died earlier than control groups under a dry atmosphere,but dsBgDdc-injected cockroaches did not.In contrast,when dsRNA-treated cockroaches were reared under a high humidity condition,almost no cockroaches died in all treatments.Furthermore,with eosin Y staining assay,we found that BgTH-RNAi resulted in a higher cuticular permeability,and BgDdc-RNAi also caused slight dye pen-etration.These results demonstrate that BgTH and BgDdc function in body pigmentation and affect the waterproofing ability of the cuticle,and the reduction of cuticular perme-ability may be achieved through cuticle melanization.

关键词： cuticular permeability desiccation tolerance dopa decarboxylase German cockroach pigmentation tyrosine hydroxylase

Pigment Distribution and Secretion in the Mantle of the Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第3期22卷 813-820页

作者： ZHU Yijing LI Qi YU Hong LIU Shikai Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

The color of Mollusca shells is one of the most important attributes to consumers.At the cellular level,black color is mainly from the melanin produced by melanocytes.The melanosome is a specialized membrane-bound organelle that is involved in melanin synthesis,storage,and transportation.How the complex pigmentation process in the Crassostrea gigas is established remains an open question.The objectives of this studies are to examine the morphological characteristics of melanosomes or melanin of mantle pigmentation in the Pacific oyster,thereby investigating its contribution to shell color.The results show that pigmented granules of the mantles vary among the three lobes,and the melanosomes at different stages are enriched in distinct cargo molecules,which indicate the remarkable difference between the marginal mantle and central mantle.Examination of mantle histology reveals that the mantle margin of the oyster is characterized by three different folds,including the outer secretory,middle sensory,and inner muscular fold.Ferrous ion chelating assays against the tyrosine hydroxylase indicate that a large amount of melanin is localized in the inner surface of the middle fold.Transmission electron microscopy analyses show that the mantle edge is composed of tall columnar and cuboidal epidermal cells and some pigmented melanocytes intersperse among these cells.The numbers of melanosomes among the three lobes are different.In the inner fold and the middle fold of the mantle,some single dispersion,or aggregation of melanosomes with different degrees of melanization are found in the outer surface.Numerous melanosomes are distributed in the epithelium of the outer fold of the mantle,and mainly are at the apical microvillar surface near the lumen.However,melanosomes are occasionally observed in the central mantle,and they are relatively less.This work provides new insights into the process of melanin deposit in the mantle and shell pigmentation in C.gigas.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas mantle melanosome melanin pigmentation cells

Genetics and Characteristics of a pigmentation Defective Laboratory Strain of the Lady Beetle, Coleomegilla maculata

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Advances in Entomology 2014年第4期2卷 161-166页

作者： Margaret Louise Allen Joseph Grey Ballenger US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Beetles in the family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybugs, lady beetles, or ladybirds, are easily identifiable and popular beneficial insects. Current research aims to support conservation efforts of beneficial insects in agroecosystems by exploring genetic processes related to nutrition. As a part of this research, colonies of Coleomegilla maculata have been maintained in culture and inbred over many generations since 2009. One result of this inbreeding has been the discovery of novel morphological phenotypes unique to laboratory strains or present in wild populations at such low levels that they have not yet been described. One such phenotype is described here. The strain described here, ye (yellow elytra and eyes) was characterized with classical Mendelian breeding and digital image analysis. This phenotype differs from wild populations by possessing yellow pigment in the elytra and pale grey to white eyes. In contrast, wild populations of C. maculata possess pink or red pigmented elytra with black spots, and black eyes. C. maculata is not known to exhibit polymorphism in the field. Inheritance is autosomal and recessive. This species was not previously known to exhibit the dramatic variation of color described here. The strain is stable in the homozygous recessive form, and retains laboratory rearing characteristics similar to the wild type laboratory strain.

关键词： Coccinellidae Yellow Autosomal Recessive Elytra Eye Color Inbreeding Heritable Trait pigmentation Mutant Phenotype Cuticle

Segmental pigmentation Disorder with Congenital Heterochromia Iridis

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第3期5卷 213-217页

作者： Carmen Madrigal Díez Sara Rodríguez Prado José Héctor Fernández Llaca Primary Paediatric Health Care Centro de Salud Bezana Servicio Cántabro de Salud Spain Department of Opthalmology Hospital de Sierrallana Torrelavega Cantabria Spain Department of Dermatology Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla Santander Cantabria Spain

We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with congenital complete heterochromia iridis and segmental pigmentation disorder in its hyperpigmented form. We have found no publication that mentions the combination of thes... 详细信息

关键词： Congenital Heterochromia Iridis Segmental pigmentation Disorder Café-au-Lait Macules

Targeted disruption of tyrosinase causes melanin reduction in Carassius auratus cuvieri and its hybrid progeny

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第9期62卷 1194-1202页

作者： Qingfeng Liu Yanhua Qi Qiuli Liang Jia Song Junmei Liu Wuhui Li Yuqin Shu Min Tao Chun Zhang Qinbo Qin Jing Wang Shaojun Liu State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

The white crucian carp(Carassius auratus cuvieri,WCC) not only is one of the most economically important fish in Asia,characterized by strong reproductive ability and rapid growth rates,but also represents a good germplasm to produce hybrid progenies with heterosis.Gene knockout technique provides a safe and acceptant way for fish breeding.Achieving gene knockout in WCC and its hybrid progeny will be of great importance for both genetic studies and hybridization breeding.Tyrosinase(TYR) is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis.Depletion of tyr in zebrafish and mice results in mosaic pigmentation or total albinism.Here,we successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 to target tyr in WCC and its hybrid progeny(WR) derived from the cross of WCC(♀) and red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var.,RCC,♂).The level of TYR protein was significantly reduced in mutant WCC.Both the mutant WCC and the mutant WR showed different degrees of melanin reduction compared with the wild-type sibling control fish,resulting from different mutation efficiency ranging from 60% to 90%.In addition,the transcriptional expression profiles of a series of pivotal pigment synthesis genes,i.***.tyrp1,mitfa,mitfb,dct and sox10,were down-regulated in tyr-CRISPR WCC,which ultimately caused a reduction in melanin synthesis.These results demonstrated that tyr plays a key role in melanin synthesis in WCC and WR,and CRISPR-Cas9 is an effective tool for modifying the genome of economical fish.Furthermore,the tyr-CRISPR models could be valuable in understanding fundamental mechanisms of pigment formation in non-model fish.

关键词： white crucian carp hybridization CRISPR-Cas9 tyrosinase pigmentation

Optimal intensity and duration of cupping for minimizing possible mechanical skin deformation

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2021年第5期41卷 817-825页

作者： Bummo Ahn Soobyeong Kim Robotics R&BD Group Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyAnsan 15588Republic of Korea Department of Robotics and Virtual Engineering University of Science and TechnologyAnsan 15588Republic of Korea Wellness Technology R&D Center Natural Arin Medi CorporationSejongsi 30127Republic of Korea

OBJECTIVE:To identify the optimal intensity and duration of cupping that would minimize mechanical skin deformation.METHODS:We developed an optical measurement probe and system for measuring skin color values in real time.We applied cupping at the following five Bladder Meridian acupoints.To investigate optimal intensity,negative pressure intensity was increased every 2 min up to 80 k Pa.To investigate optimal time,10 measurement sites were selected and negative pressure intensities of 30,60,and 80 k Pa were applied for 5 min each.Skin color information was analyzed by the following skin color values:red color saturation,erythema index,and melanin index.RESULTS:The red color saturation and erythema index increased steadily up to 60 kpa negative pressure intensity,then decreased between 60 and 80 k Pa.Therefore,maximal values were observed at 60 k Pa.The melanin index consistently increased with increasing negative pressure intensity.The red color saturation and erythema index did not change after 20 s at 60 k Pa negative pressure intensity.For negative pressure intensities below 80 k Pa,significant changes in melanin index were not observed after 20 s.At 80 k Pa negative pressure intensity,the melanin index exhibited an increasing pattern for200 s,then showed no changes.CONCLUSIONS:To minimize skin deformation,60 k Pa and 20 s were the appropriate intensity and duration when using red color saturation and erythema index as diagnostic indexes.Because of the increasing pattern up to 80 k Pa negative pressure intensity,the optimal intensity of melanin index could not be determined.When applying 80 k Pa negative pressure intensity and using melanin index as the diagnostic index,we recommend a duration of 200 s.

关键词： ecchymosis petechiae pigmentation erythema melanins