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Isolation and Characterization of a phytotoxin from Xanthomonas campestris pv. retroflexus

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2007年第5期15卷 639-642页

作者：李明智徐凌孙自伶李永泉 College of Life Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry China Academy of Forestry Fuyang 311400 China

A phytotoxin from Xanthomonas campestris pv. retroflexus was isolated using a chromatographer and HPLC, and the components were identified to be a mixture of minor molecular compounds including organic acids and cyclo-（proline-phenylalanine）. The greenhouse cultivation test was used to determine the influence of the isolated fractions on the growth of target weed redroot pigweed （Amaranthus retroflexus L）. The experimental results demonstrated that the cyclo-（Pro-Phe） had the weed inhibit activity obviously on dicotyledonous weed and the mixture with six organic acids showed stronger bioactivity. Further, greenhouse and field test were processed, and the test showed that the use of the toxin appeared to have the potential to be developed further as a bioherbicide system to control weedy grasses.

关键词： Xanthomonas campestris pv. retroflexus phytotoxin isolation identification minor molecular compounds cyclo-(Pro-Phe) redroot pigweed bioherbicide

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Identification of Phaeoacremonium aleophillum phytotoxin Decline Platanus Trees Platanus occidentalies L.

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第8期2卷 983-987页

作者： Khalid Hassan Taha Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosul Iraq

The genus Phaeoacremonium is associated die-back of various woody hosts. In this study, Phaeoaeremonium specie was isolated from necrotic woody tissue of Platanus occidentalies L. （Platanus）. Morphological and cultural characteristics were used to identify the species, which known, and being described as Phaeoacremonium aleophillum. This is the first report on identifying Phaeoacremonium aleophillum from Platanus in Iraq, previously reports accommodate Cephalosporium acremonium from Platanus trees. This specie is able to produce toxic metabolites. Applications of P. aleophillum crude and cell-free filtrates induced severe chlorosis and necrosis on Platanus leaves after 24 hours of treatment with P. aleophillum culture filtrate. A novel phytotoxin was isolated from P. aleophillurn and culture filtrate was identified as galactouronic acid.

关键词： Phaeoacremonium aleophillum Platanus phytotoxin galactouronic acid.

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Effect of Toxins Isolated from Exserohilum monoceras (Drechsler) Leonard and Suggs on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第8期8卷 972-978页

作者： CHEN Yong ZHENG Wei WANG Li-ming CUI Hai-lan LI Guo-xi LIUXin-gui HAN Cheng-chou ZENG Ren-sen Weed Science Laboratory College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 P.R.China Department of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural SeieneesBeijing 100193 P.R.China

Exserohilum monoceras （Drechsler） Leonard and Suggs is a potential biocontrol agent for the control of Echinochloa species. This fungus causes leaf blight in Echinochloa species, but does not damage rice. Phytotoxicity of the fungal fermented broth was evaluated through the bioassay and the active ingredients were preliminarily isolated by using silica gel column chromatography （CC） in this study. The most active fraction 5-Ⅲ was obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results show that 5-Ⅲ consisted of many compounds, in which 36 compounds accounted for 94.24% of total peak area. Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） displayed the highest activity accounted for 9.24% of the total peak area, suggesting that DBP may be one of the main active compounds produced by E. monoceras.

关键词： Exserohilum monoceras phytotoxin active ingredients Echinochloa crus-galli

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The Allelopathic Potential of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) Mulch

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第16期6卷 2651-2663页

作者： Charles M. Geddes Andrea Cavalieri Fouad Daayf Robert H. Gulden Department of Plant Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) has been recognized as a good candidate for weed suppressive mulch in organic no-till cropping systems. In our study, the allelopathic potential of hairy vetch, fall rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (extracted species) were evaluated at both vegetative and reproductive developmental stages (extract stage) based on the germination and radicle elongation of five response species using aqueous extracts in soil microcosms. Our study found hairy vetch shoot extract to have little allelopathic potential compared to fall rye or winter wheat, both species for which the allelopathic potential is well documented. Interestingly, hairy vetch was the only extracted species to increase in allelopathic suppression of radicle elongation at the reproductive stage when plant biomass is near maximum. This result was conceivably due to the increased concentration of the putative allelochemical cyanamide in reproductive tissue. Chemical inhibition of radicle elongation in this extract, however, was only observed in the domesticated response species wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.). The allelopathic effect on germination varied and depended on extracted species, extract stage, and response species;whereas the effect on radicle elongation was similar among extracted species, yet unique within response species. This research demonstrated that allelopathy studies should include multiple allelopathic and response species to accurately quantify the magnitude of chemical effects among allelopathic species and to rule out potential phytotoxic chemical defense/detoxification mechanisms that exist in some response species.

关键词： Cyanamide Germination Hormesis phytotoxin Radicle Elongation

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