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Assessment of Groundwater physico-chemical quality in the Ouémé Delta (Southern-Benin)

Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 298-317页

作者： Aoulatou Alassane Zakari Dadja Toyou Masamaéya Gnazou Abdoukarim Alassane Kodjo Apelete Raoul Kpegli Ousmane Touré Boukari Bio Guidah Chabi Bénito Didier Koukpohounsi Daouda Mama Laboratory of Applied Hydrology National Water Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Benin (LHA/INE/UAC) Cotonou B&eacutenin International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA—UNESCO Chair) Cotonou B&eacutenin Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University of Lom&eacute Togo (LHAE/FDS/UL) Lom&eacute Togo

Groundwater resources are the main sources of water used to supply drinking water to the population of the Ouémé Delta via the Continental Terminal aquifer. Urbanization, population growth, and agricultural and industrial activities have resulted in a deterioration in the quality of these resources. To assess the quality of the delta’s groundwater and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation, a total of fourteen (14) physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in some forty existing water points between September 2020 and March 2021, using standard water analysis techniques. The values obtained were compared with the potability standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Republic of Benin and were subjected to statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)). In addition, methods for determining the suitability of water for irrigation were used. The results showed that the waters are acidic to slightly neutral and influenced by ambient temperature. In addition, the waters are moderately mineralized, with conductivities (24 - 1205 μS/cm) in line with WHO standards. A comparison of the analytical results of the WHO (2017) and Benin (2001) standards indicates that the majority of the waters studied are of good quality for all the chemical parameters considered. Nevertheless, some samples show levels of nitrates (21%), potassium (14% to 16%), calcium (13%), ammonium (12%), nitrites (8%) and bicarbonates (10%) over their respective standards. The Wilcox and Riverside diagrams indicate that the majority of waters (90%) have excellent suitability for irrigation and no negative effect on soil fertilization.

关键词： Benin OuéméDelta Groundwater physico-chemical quality Consumption Irrigation

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Impacts of Environmental Management on the quality of Traditional Well Water in the Soubre Region(South-West of Cote d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第13期9卷 1634-1644页

作者： Ohou-Yao Marie Jeanne Adelaide Ouattara Leygnima Yaya Yapo Ossey Bernard Mambo Veronique UFR Environment University Jean Lorougnon GuédéDaloaIvory Coast UFR Science and Environmental Management University Nangui AbrogouaAbidjanIvory Coast Central Environmental Laboratory Ivorian Central for Pollution ControlAbidjanIvory Coast

Water supply is a global problem. A study was conducted on twelve (12) traditional wells water in Daba Dagnogo and Gnipi 2 to determine their physico-chemical quality. Two sampling campaigns (dry season and rainy season), were performed on 16 physical and chemical parameters. The results show that the water is acidic with an average pH of 6.41 ± 0.4;moderately mineralized with an average conductivity of 731.14 ± 611.98 μS·cm-1;moderately saline with an average rate of 1.56 ± 1.22. The average temperature of 28.07 ± 0.86°C is above the norm for all wells. All major ions are consistent with WHO standards except calcium and potassium. 41.67% of wells exceed the standard ammonium ion whose average was 1.43 ± 2.79 mg·L-1 nitrate and 100% with an average of 492.42 ± 434.02 mg·L-1. The ion concentrations are highest in the urban area and are higher in the dry season. The quality of the water sampled wells deteriorated. Several factors affect the degradation, namely the shallow wells, their proximity to toilet, the lack of sanitation and poor management of household waste. It will carry out a campaign to educate people to protect the immediate environment of the water points, avoiding the deposit of garbage and to provide the appropriate wells lids.

关键词： Soubré Traditional Wells physico-chemical quality Environmental Management

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Contribution to the Hydrochemical Study of Groundwater from the Continental Terminal in Saloum

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第2期14卷 51-71页

作者： Sakhel Ndong Baba Ngom Saidou Ndao Alioune Ly Saliou Ngom Séni Tamba UFR Sciences & Technologies University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thies Senegal Laboratory of Sciences and Technologies of Water and Environment (LaSTEE) Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) Thies Senegal Société Nationale des Eaux du Senegal (SONES) Dakar Senegal

This paper focuses on the study of the aquifer of the Continental Terminal in the south of Saloum river. This study aims to participate in the knowledge of the physicochemical quality and to help understand the origins and processes of the mineralization of the water of the Continental Terminal (CT). physicochemical treatments show an average pH of 6.61 indicating a slightly acidic water overall. The electrical conductivity varies between 37.4 and 12,320 μS·cm-1 with an average of 729.3 μS·cm-1. High conductivities are recorded around the ocean and the Saloum River, indicating higher mineralized waters in these areas. The geochemical study and multivariate statistical analysis indicate three groups of the sampled waters. Group 1 is mainly formed of the Ca-HCO3, Na-HCO3, Ca-Cl and Na-Cl facies. This group is the most common one and is found throughout the southern Saloum area. Group 2, mainly made up of the Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies, is located in the center, east, west and north of the zone. The mineralization of these two groups is believed to be of carbonate, evaporitic and/or anthropogenic origin. Group 3 is formed from the Na-Cl facies. This group is located in the north and west of the area (near the ocean and the Saloum river). This group 3 suggests pollution of marine and anthropogenic origin. The calculated base indices suggest cationic exchanges between the waters and the formations of the water table of the terminal continental.

关键词： Continental Terminal Aquifer Saloum physico-chemical quality Mineralization Geochemistry Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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Bacteriological and physicochemical quality of Groundwater of Mbankomo Municipality(Center Region,Cameroon)

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2023年第3期12卷 115-127页

作者： Murielle Patricia Mabou Tokam Antoine Tamsa Arfao Fils Mamert Onana Ernest Koji Vanelle Lontchi Segnou Yves Poutoum Yogne Awawou Manouore Njoya Ornel Kadji Tchantcha Ahmadou Fadimatou Sylvie Chinche Belengfe Edith Brunelle Mouafo Tamnou Moïse Nola Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDouala 24157Cameroon Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory University of Yaounde 1Faculty of SciencesYaounde 812Cameroon Laboratoire d’Application et d’Analyses Médicales Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques de la Santéet du Management de GarouaBP.51 GarouaCameroun Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Laboratory S3MN2E Faculty of SciencesMohammed-V University RabatAv.Ibn-BattoutaRabatMorocco 8007.N.U.North Africa Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BueaBuéa 63Cameroon

A study to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater was carried out in the commune of Mbankomo(Centre-Cameroon)at 4 wells and 4 springs during the period from March to *** physico-chemical parameters were measured by the standard *** bacteria of fecal contamination,namely HAB(Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria),total and faecal coliforms(Escherichia coli),and faecal streptococci were isolated by the surface spreading technique on PCA(Plate Count Agar),Endo and BEA(Bile Esculin Azide)agar respectively,and sulphite-reducing clostridia by the incorporation method on Tryptone Sulfite Cycloserine(TSC)*** a physico-chemical point of view,the groundwater in Mbamkomo is characterized by an average temperature(24.24±0.24°C);it is polluted with organic matter,acid and poorly *** was noted from a bacteriological point of view that these waters have a high and varied bacterial load with an average value of 100.8 × 10^(5) CFU/100 mL for coliforms,16.3 × 10^(5) CFU/100 mL for fecal streptococci,5.6 × 10^(5) CFU/100 mL for Escherichia coli and 4.8 ×10^(²)CFU/100 mL for Clostridium *** concentrations are all higher than the WHO(World Health Organization)standards which are set at 0 CFU/100 mL for coliforms,fecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens and indicate fecal pollution of these *** coli cell densities were significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen in the water(r=0.510;pquality of these waters is favored by their proximity to pollution sources,poor maintenance and poor protection of the *** waters,without any treatment,are not recommended for human consumption according to the standards of the WHO.

关键词： Groundwater physico-chemical quality bacteriological quality.

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