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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 269-277页

作者： Baizhao Ren Weizhen Yu Peng Liu Bin Zhao Jiwang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina

A field experiment was performed to investigate the physiological mechanism of the simultaneous stresses of waterlogging and shading on leaf photosynthetic and senescence during three growth stages of summer maize.The responses of leaf gas exchange parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of the summer maize hybrids Denghai 605(DH605)to waterlogging(W),shading(S),and their combination(W+S)for 6 days at the third leaf stage(V3),the sixth leaf stage(V6),and the tasseling stage(VT)were recorded.Shading,waterlogging,and their combination disturbed the activities of protective enzymes and increased the contents of H2O2and O-2,accelerating leaf senescence and disordering photosynthetic characteristics.Under waterlogging,shading and their combination,leaf Pn,the photo-assimilates and grain yield was decreased.The greatest reduction for waterlogging and the combined stresses occurred at V3 and that for shading stress occurred at VT.The individual and combined stresses reduced the activities of protective enzymes and inhibited photosynthesis,reducing the accumulation of photosynthetic compounds and thereby yield.Waterlogging and the combined stresses at the V3 stage showed the greatest effect on leaf photosynthetic and senescence,followed by the V6 and VT stages.The greatest effect for shading stress occurred at VT,followed by the V6 and V3 stages,and the combined influence of shading and waterlogging was greater than that of either single stress.

关键词： Zea mays L. photosynthetic Antioxidant enzymes Waterlogging and shading treatment

photosynthetic and metabolic responses of eelgrass Zostera marina L. to short-term high-temperature exposure

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第1期37卷 199-209页

作者： GAO Yaping JIANG Zengjie DU Meirong FANG Jinghui JIANG Weiwei FANG Jianguang Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

In recent years, extreme heat events have occurred worldwide and the ocean temperature has been rising, causing stress on the photosynthesis and growth of seagrass. Metabolomics enables detection of metabolic changes under environmental stress. In this study, the photosynthetic physiology and metabolic changes of the eelgrass Zostera marina L. in response to 48 h exposure to 32°C were investigated. The results showed that high temperature induced signi?cant inhibition of photosynthetic effciency(Δ F/F′ m)(23.9%lower than the control), enhanced respiration(58.3% higher), and decreased carbohydrate decomposition products and tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle intermediate products, indicating that the energy supply of the eelgrass may be insuffcient at high temperature. In addition, high temperature decreased stearic acid and linoleic acid in eelgrass, suggesting the composition of the membrane system of eelgrass may change at high temperature and implying that high temperature may cause the membrane system to be unstable.

关键词： high temperature eelgrass photosynthetic response metabolome

photosynthetic response of floating Ulva prolifera to diurnal changes of in-situ environments on the sea surface

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 589-599页

作者： ZHAO Xinyu TANG Xuexi HU Shunxin ZHONG Yi QU Tongfei WANG Ying College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China

During yellow sea green tide outbreak, the thalli of Ulva prolifera drifted more than 350 km on the sea surface from off shore of Jiangsu Province to Qingdao city, where they were exposed to complex changes of local environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the thalli to diurnal changes of environments on the sea surface, and a sea surface environment simulator (SSES) was designed to simulate the natural environment of floating U . prolifera mat. A control experiment is designed in the laboratory, which was processed under suitable conditions (20°C for temperature, 72 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s) for light intensity and 30 for salinity), and an in-situ research was conducted to study the photosynthetic responses of floating U . prolifera to diurnal changes of environments. The results show that the photosynthetic efficiency of the thalli decreased gradually with time, and decreased rapidly after 14:00 local time (LT). After exposed to the environment on the sea surface for 6 h, the photosynthetic activity of the thalli decreased significantly. Furthermore, physiological-level and molecular-level experiments revealed that non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), cyclic electron flow (CEF) and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII all played an important role in the strong photosynthetic plasticity of U . prolifera . NPQ is the most important photoprotective responses to environmental changes before 12:00 LT. The results also confirmed that the CEF and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII are the main synergistic eff ects for the thalli to adapt to the environmental changes when the process NPQ cannot work. And the result can further reveal the reason why U . prolifera can adapt to the living condition of long distance drift on the sea surface. The findings of this research could provide a theoretical basis for explaining outbreaks of the green tide and instructing the management of the problem.

关键词： photosynthetic system floating Ulva prolifera diurnal change photosynthetic plasticity

photosynthetic physiologies of phytoplankton in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the spring inter-monsoon

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第6期38卷 83-91页

作者： Chao Yuan Zongjun Xu Xuelei Zhang Qinsheng Wei Huiwu Wang Zongling Wang College of Environment Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266061China Marine Ecology Research Center MNR Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine EcosystemsFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Phytoplankton physiologies are dynamic and have sensitive responses to the ambient environment. In this paper, we examine photosynthetic physiologies of phytoplankton communities with Phyto-PAM in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the spring inter-monsoon. Environmental parameters were measured to investigate the coupling between phytoplankton photosynthetic physiologies and their habitats. During the cruise, the water column was highly stratified. The mixed layer extended to about 75 m and was characterized by high temperature (>28°C) and low nutrient level. The Fv/Fm values and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were lower at the surface, as consequences of nutrient depletion and photo-inhibition. Subsurface Chl a maximum (SCM) occurred between 75 and 100 m, and had the highest Fv/Fm values. The formation of SCM was a balance between nutrient availability and light limitation. The SCM may contribute significantly to pelagic food web and primary production in the water column. Phytoplankton in different layers encountered different light, trophic and hydrographic dynamics and evolved distinct photosynthetic characteristics. Despite of co-limitation of nutrient limitation and photo-inhibition, phytoplankton in the surface layer showed their acclimation to high irradiance, had lower light utilization efficiencies (α: 0.061±0.032) and could exploit a wide range of light irradiance. Whereas, phytoplankton in the SCM layers presented the highest light utilization efficiencies (α: 0.146±0.48), which guaranteed higher photosynthetic capacities under low light level. These results provide insights into phytoplankton photo-adaption strategies in this less explored region.

关键词： Fv/Fm rapid light curves photosynthetic physiologies eastern equatorial Indian Ocean

Engineering a New Chloroplastic Photorespiratory Bypass to In crease photosynthetic Efficiency and Productivity in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2019年第2期12卷 199-214页

作者： Bo-Ran Shen Li-Min Wang Xiu-Ling Lin Zhen Yao Hua-Wei Xu Cheng-Hua Zhu Hai-Yan Teng Li-Li Cui E.-E. Liu Jian-Jun Zhang Zheng-Hui He Xin-Xiang Peng State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources College of Life Sciences South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China College of Agricultural Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Henan China Departme nt of Biology San Fran cisco State University San Fran cisco CA USA These authors contributed equally to this article.

Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried out using Arabidopsis under controlled environmental conditions, and the increases were only observed under low-light and short-day conditions. In this study, we designed a new photorespiratory bypass (called GOC bypass), characterized by no reducing equivalents being produced during a complete oxidation of glycolate into CO2 catalyzed by three rice-self-originating enzymes, i.e., glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase. We successfully established this bypass in rice chloroplasts using a multi-gene assembly and transformation system. Transgenic rice plants carrying GOC bypass (GOC plants) showed significant increases in photosynthesis efficiency, biomass yield, and nitrogen content, as well as several other CO2-enriched phe no types under both greenhouse and field conditions .Grain yield of GOC plants varied depending on seeding season and was increased significantly in the spring. We further demonstrated that GOC plants had significant advantages under high-light conditions and that the improvements in GOC plants resulted primarily from a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating effect rather than from improved energy balance. Taken together, our results reveal that engineering a newly designed chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass could increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice plants grown in field conditions, particularly under high light.

关键词： photorespiratory bypass photosynthetic efficiency productivity rice

The ubiquity and coexistence of two FBPases in chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotes and its evolutionary and functional implications

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Plant Diversity 2020年第2期42卷 120-125页

作者： Yujin Li Qingqing Ye De He Huixian Bai Jianfan Wen State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.KunmingYunnan650204China College of Life Sciences Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan.650224China

In photosynthetic eukaryotes,there are two well-characterized fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases(FBPases):the redox-insensitive cytosolic FBPase(cyFBPase),which participates in gluconeogenesis,and the redoxsensitive chloroplastic FBPase(cpFBPasel),which is a critical enzyme in the Calvin cycle.Recent studies have identified a new chloroplastic FBPase,cpFBPase2;however,its phylogenetic distribution,evolutionary origin,and physiological function remain unclear.In this study,we identified and characterized these three FBPase isoforms in diverse,representative photosynthetic lineages and analyzed their phylogeny.In contrast to previous hypotheses,we found that cpFBPase2 is ubiquitous in photo synthetic eukaryotes.Additionally,all cpFBPase2 s from diverse lineages form a monophyly,suggesting cpFBPase2 is not a recently evolved enzyme restricted to land plants but rather evolved early in the evolution of photo synthetic organisms,and most likely,in the common ancestor of photosynthetic eukaryotes.cyFBPase was probably first duplicated to produce cpFBPase2,and then the latter duplicated to produce cpFBPase1.The ubiquitous coexistence of these two cpFBPases in chloroplasts is most likely the consequence of adaptation to different redox conditions of photosynthesis,especially those caused by recurrent changes in light conditions.

关键词： FBPase photosynthetic eukaryotes Coexistence Evolution Adaptation

The spike weight contribution of the photosynthetic area above the upper internode in a winter wheat under different nitrogen and mulching regimes

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 89-100页

作者： Wei Chen Jingjuan Zhang Xiping Deng Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulating of Shaanxi Province Baoji University of Arts and Sciences State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University and Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University

Besides leaves, non-foliar green organs such as stem and spike are also considered photosynthetic organs. To assess the photosynthetic contributions of these organs, the correlations between these photosynthetic areas and single-spike weight were investigated in a winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under four nitrogen and mulching treatments: N120,N150, N195, and N195 + M. Two-year repeated field experiments were conducted on the Loess Plateau of China. Non-foliar photosynthetic area, grain-filling ratio and duration,grain yield, and in particular, single-spike weight, were measured, recorded and analyzed.Under the N195 + M treatment, plants showed the largest area of photosynthetic organs(flag leaf and non-foliar organs) and the highest grain yield and single spike weight. Singlespike weight was positively correlated with the areas of all examined non-foliar photosynthetic organs, in particular with the area above the flag leaf node(R^2= 0.761*)and the area above the exposed part of the peduncle(EXP)(R^2= 0.800**). In addition, singlespike weight was highly correlated with average grain-filling ratio(R^2= 0.993**), whereas it was less highly correlated with grain-filling duration(R^2= 0.533). The morphological traits of non-foliar photosynthetic organs were also more highly correlated with average grainfilling ratio than with average grain-filling duration. The significant correlation between each of the morphological traits(area, length and width) of EXP and single-spike weight indicates that morphological traits of EXP are important in determining spike weight in the Loess Plateau environment.

关键词： Grain-filling ratio Grain-filling duration Loess Plateau photosynthetic organs Single spike weight Winter wheat

Effects of urea mixed with nitrapyrin on leaf photosynthetic and senescence characteristics of summer maize(Zea mays L.)waterlogged in the field

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1586-1595页

作者： REN Bai-zhao HU Juan ZHANG Ji-wang DONG Shu-ting LIU Peng ZHAO Bin State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018P.R.China

Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses in agricultural crop production.However,the application of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine(nitrapyrin)can effectually mitigate the losses of nitrogen efficiency and grain yield of summer maize induced by waterlogging.In order to explore its role to alleviate waterlogging stress on leaf antioxidative system and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize,a field experiment was executed to research effects of nitrapyrin application on leaf photosynthetic and senescent characteristics of waterlogged summer maize Denghai 605(DH605)and Zhengdan 958(ZD958).Experimental treatments consisted of waterlogging treatment that was applying only urea(WL),waterlogging treatment that was applying urea mixing with nitrapyrin(WL-N),and no waterlogging treatment that was only applying urea(NWL).Results showed that WL significantly decreased leaf area index(LAI),SPAD,photosynthetic rate(Pn),and protective enzyme activities,accelerated leaf aging,eventually led to a remarkable yield reduction by 38 and 42%for DH605 and ZD958,respectively,compared to NWL.However,the application of nitrapyrin was useful for relieving waterlogging damages on leaf photosynthetic ability.LAI,SPAD and Pn of WL-N for DH605 were 10,19 and 12-24%higher,and for ZD958 were 12,23 and 7-25%higher,compared to those of WL,respectively.Moreover,application of nitrapyrin effectually relieved waterlogging losses on antioxidative enzyme activities.Leaf superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activities of WL-N were averagely increased by 24,15 and 30%,respectively,while malondialdehyde(MDA)content was averagely decreased by 13%,compared to those of WL.Visibly,nitrapyrin application could improve leaf photosynthetic characteristics and retard leaf aging induced by waterlogging,thereby leading to a yield increase of waterlogged maize.

关键词： nitrapyrin application waterlogging summer maize photosynthetic antioxidative system

Exogenous application of glycine betaine improved water use efficiency in winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) via modulating photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidative capacity under conventional and limited irrigation conditions

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The Crop Journal 2019年第5期7卷 635-650页

作者： Nazir Ahmed Yushi Zhang Ke Li Yuyi Zhou Mingcai Zhang Zhaohu Li Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator Ministry of Education College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University

Improving water use efficiency(WUE)is an important subject in agricultural irrigation for alleviating the scarcity of water resources in semiarid regions of the North China Plain.Moreover,glycine betaine(GB)is one of the most effective compatible solutes synthesized naturally in plants for enhancing stress tolerance under abiotic stress,but little information is available on the involvement of GB in regulating crop WUE under field conditions.This study was conducted to explore the role of exogenously applied GB in improving WUE and plant physiological and biochemical responses inwinterwheat subjected to conventional or limited irrigation during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons.Exogenous application of GB significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the accumulation ofmalondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under limited irrigation conditions.Furthermore,GB-treated plantsmaintained higher leaf relative water content andmembrane stability,which led to higher chlorophyll content and gas exchange attributes for better intrinsic and instantaneouswater use efficiencies compared to control plants under limited irrigation conditions.GB-treated plants had higher indole-acetic acid and zeatin riboside levels but lower ABA levels compared to control plants under conventional and limited irrigation conditions.Additionally,GB enhanced the grain filling rate and duration,grain number per spike,and final grainweight,which resulted in higher grain yield compared to the control.Interestingly,GB significantly improved the integrative and photosynthetic WUE under conventional and limited irrigation conditions,although GB treatment did not markedly affect total water consumption.These results suggest the involvement of GB in improving WUEs in winter wheat by modulating hormonal balance,membrane stability,photosynthetic performance and antioxidant systems to maintain higher grain yield under conventional and limited irrigation conditions.

关键词： Winter wheat Glycine betaine Water use efficiency Limited irrigation photosynthetic performance Antioxidant systems

Maize/peanut intercropping increases photosynthetic characteristics, 13C-photosynthate distribution, and grain yield of summer maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2219-2229页

作者： LI Yan-hong SHI De-yang LI Guang-hao ZHAO Bin ZHANG Ji-wang LIU Peng REN Bai-zhao DONG Shu-ting State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China Soil Fertilizer Station of Yantai Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Yantai 264000P.R.China Institute of Maize and Oil Crops Yantai Academy of Agricultural SciencesYantai 265500P.R.China

Intercropping is used widely by smallholder farmers in developing countries to increase land productivity and profitability. We conducted a maize/peanut intercropping experiment in the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Shandong, China. Treatments included sole maize (SM), sole peanut (SP), and an intercrop consisting of four rows of maize and six rows of peanut (IM and IP). The results showed that the intercropping system had yield advantages based on the land equivalent ratio (LER) values of 1.15 and 1.16 in the two years, respectively. Averaged over the two years, the yield of maize in the intercropping was increased by 61.05% compared to that in SM, while the pod yield of peanut was decreased by 31.80% compared to SP. Maize was the superior competitor when intercropped with peanut, and its productivity dominated the yield of the intercropping system in our study. The increased yield was due to a higher kernel number per ear (KNE). Intercropping increased the light transmission ratio (LTR) of the ear layer in the maize canopy, the active photosynthetic duration (APD), and the harvest index (HI) compared to SM. In addition, intercropping promoted the ratio of dry matter accumulation after silking and the distribution of 13C-photosynthates to grain compared to SM. In conclusion, maize/peanut intercropping demonstrated the potential to improve the light condition of maize, achieving enhanced photosynthetic characteristics that improved female spike differentiation, reduced barrenness, and increased KNE. Moreover, dry matter accumulation and 13C-photosynthates distribution to grain of intercropped maize were improved, and a higher grain yield was ultimately obtained.

关键词： maize intercropping peanut land equivalent ratio (LER) net photosynthetic rate (Pn) 13C-photosynthates distribution