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Plant Sucrose Transporters from a Biophysical Point of View

Molecular Plant 2011年第3期4卷 395-406页

作者： Dietmar Geiger Julius-von-Sachs Institute Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics University W6rzburg Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2 D-97082 W~rzburg Germany

The majority of higher plants use sucrose as their main mobile carbohydrate. Proton-driven sucrose trans- porters play a crucial role in cell-to-cell and long-distance distribution of sucrose throughout the plant. A very negative plant membrane potential and the ability of sucrose transporters to accumulate sucrose concentrations of more than 1 M indicate that plants evolved transporters with unique structural and functional features. The knowledge about the trans- port mechanism and structural/functional domains of these the current knowledge about the biophysical properties of nano-machines is, however, still fragmentary. In this review, plant sucrose transporters is summarized and discussed.

关键词： Biophysics electrophysiology transport processes/kinetics phloem physiology phloem unloading sucrose transport.

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Membrane-Transport Systems for Sucrose in Relation to Whole-Plant Carbon Partitioning

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Molecular Plant 2011年第3期4卷 377-394页

作者： Brian G. Ayre University of North Texas Department of Biological Sciences Denton Texas USA

Sucrose is the principal product of photosynthesis used for the distribution of assimilated carbon in plants. Transport mechanisms and efficiency influence photosynthetic productivity by relieving product inhibition and contribute to plant vigor by controlling source/sink relationships and biomass partitioning. Sucrose is synthesized in the cytoplasm and may move cell to cell through plasmodesmata or may cross membranes to be compartmentalized or exported to the apoplasm for uptake into adjacent cells. As a relatively large polar compound, sucrose requires proteins to facilitate efficient membrane transport. Transport across the tonoplast by facilitated diffusion, antiport with protons, and symport with protons have been proposed; for transport across plasma membranes, symport with protons and a mechanism resembling facilitated diffusion are evident. Despite decades of research, only symport with protons is well established at the molecular level. This review aims to integrate recent and older studies on sucrose flux across membranes with principles of whole-plant carbon partitioning.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism molecular transport membrane proteins phloem physiology gene expression.

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Recycling of Solanum Sucrose Transporters Expressed in Yeast, Tobacco, and in Mature phloem Sieve Elements

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1064-1074页

作者： Johannes Liesche Hong-Xia He Bernhard Grimm Alexander Schulz Christina Kuhn Humboldt University Institute of Biology Plant Physiology Philippstraβe 13 Building 12 10115 Berlin Germany Plant physiology and Anatomy Laboratory Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Life Sciences Copenhagen University Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark

The plant sucrose transporter SUT1 （from Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, or Zea mays） exhibits redoxdependent dimerization and targeting if heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae （Krtigel et al., 2008）. It was also shown that SUT1 is present in motile vesicles when expressed in tobacco cells and that its targeting to the plasma membrane is reversible. StSUT1 is internalized in the presence of brefeldin A （BFA） in yeast, plant cells, and in mature sieve elements as confirmed by immunolocalization. These results were confirmed here and the dynamics of intracellular SUT1 localization were further elucidated. Inhibitor studies revealed that vesicle movement of SUT1 is actin-dependent. BFA-mediated effects might indicate that anterograde vesicle movement is possible even in mature sieve elements, and could involve components of the cytoskeleton that were previously thought to be absent in SEs. Our results are in contradiction to this old dogma of plant physiology and the potential of mature sieve elements should therefore be re-evaluated. In addition, SUT1 internalization was found to be dependent on the plasma membrane lipid composition. SUT1 belongs to the detergent-resistant membrane （DRM） fraction in planta and is targeted to membrane raft-like microdomains when expressed in yeast （Kr（igel et al,, 2008）, Here, SUT1-GFP expression in different yeast mutants, which were unable to perform en- docytosis and/or raft formation, revealed a strong link between SUT1 raft localization, the sterol composition and mem- brane potential of the yeast plasma membrane, and the capacity of the SUT1 protein to be internalized by endocytosis. The results provide new insight into the regulation of sucrose transport and the mechanism of endocytosis in plant cells.

关键词： Transporters membrane proteins phloem physiology protein targeting potato.

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