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Genetic and histological relationship between pheromone-secreting tissues of the musk gland and skin of juvenile Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第9期24卷 807-822页

作者： Long LI Heran CAO Jinmeng YANG Tianqi JIN Yuxuan MA Yang WANG Zhenpeng LI Yining CHEN Huihui GAO Chao ZHU Tianhao YANG Yalong DENG Fangxia YANG Wuzi DONG College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China

Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were express

关键词： Forest musk deer pheromones Musk gland Skin tissues Transcriptome Sebaceous gland

Utilizing Colored pheromones and Helping Ants for Wireless Mesh Networks Routing

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Communications and Network 2012年第1期4卷 8-17页

作者： Ehsan Ghasemkhani Rahim Alizadeh Alireza Mirzaei Nejad Kousari Department of Computer Science Islamic Azad University East Tehran (Ghiamdasht) Branch Tehran Iran Department of Mathematics Shahed University Tehran Iran

Improving routing algorithm performance not only leads to appreciate the quality of data transmission, but also increases the speed of data transfer. In this paper we propose a hybrid method which is a combination of traffic classification by the help of colored pheromones and helping ants method in the intermediate nodes. This combination increases the convergence speed and decreases the delay and Jitter in the network. Also we compare the obtained results with two known routing algorithms that are based on the ant colony.

关键词： Wireless Mesh Networks AntNet Mobile Agents Network Routing Helping Ant and Colored pheromones

Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles differ between ant body parts:implications for communication and our understanding of CHC diffusion

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 531-540页

作者： Philipp P.SPRENGER Lisa J.GERBES Jacqueline SAHM Florian MENZEL Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution(iomE) Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzHanns-Dieter Husch-Weg 15Mainz55128Germany Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology University of BayreuthUniversitatsstraße 30Bayreuth95477Germany Senckenberg Research Institute Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany

Insect cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs)serve as communication signals and protect against desiccation.They form complex blends of up to 150 different compounds.Due to differences in molecular packing,CHC classes differ in melting point.Communication is especially important in social insects like ants,which use CHCs to communicate within the colony and to recognize nestmates.Nestmate recognition models often assume a homogenous colony odor,where CHCs are collected,mixed,and redistributed in the postpharyngeal gland(PPG).Via diffusion,recognition cues should evenly spread over the body surface.Hence,CHC composition should be similar across body parts and in the PPG.To test this,we compared CHC composition among whole-body extracts,PPG,legs,thorax,and gaster,across 17 ant species from 3 genera.Quantitative CHC composition differed between body parts,with consistent patterns across species and CHC classes.Early-melting CHC classes were most abundant in the PPG.In contrast,whole body,gaster,thorax,and legs had increasing proportions of CHC classes with higher melting points.Intraindividual CHC variation was highest for rather solid,late-melting CHC classes,suggesting that CHCs differ in their diffusion rates across the body surface.Our results show that body parts strongly differ in CHC composition,either being rich in rather solid,late-melting,or rather liquid,early-melting CHCs.This implies that recognition cues are not homogenously present across the insect body.However,the unequal diffusion of different CHCs represents a biophysical mechanism that enables caste differences despite continuous CHC exchange among colony members.

关键词： nestmate recognition Formicidae eusocial insects melting temperature cuticle regionalization pheromones

Proteomics and metabolic phenotyping define principal roles for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mouse liver

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3806-3819页

作者： Jian Jin Banrida Wahlang Monika Thapa Kimberly Z.Head Josiah E.Hardesty Sudhir Srivastava Michael L.Merchant Shesh N.Rai Russell A.Prough Matthew C.Cave Department of Pharmacology&Toxicology theUniversity of Louisville School ofMedicineLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Endocrinology the Second Affiliated Hospital&Yuying Children’s HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027China Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionDepartment of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY 40202USA Superfund Research Center the University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA eDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Geneticsthe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics the School of Public Health and Information Sciencesthe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Division of Nephrology&Hypertension Department of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY 40202USA The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Alcohol Research Center University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility James Graham Brown Cancer CenterLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Dioxin-like molecules have been associated with endocrine disruption and liver disease.To better understand aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)biology,metabolic phenotyping and liver proteomics were performed in mice following ligand-activation or whole-body genetic ablation of this receptor.Male wild type(WT)and Ahr^(-/-) mice(Taconic)were fed a control diet and exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl(PCB126)(61 nmol/kg by gavage)or vehicle for two weeks.PCB126 increased expression of canonical AHR targets(Cyp1 a1 and Cyp1 a2)in WT but not Ahr^(-/-).Knockouts had increased adiposity with decreased glucose tolerance;smaller livers with increased steatosis and perilipin-2;and paradoxically decreased blood lipids.PCB126 was associated with increased hepatic triglycerides in Ahr^(-/-).The liver proteome was impacted more so by Ahr^(-/-) genotype than ligandactivation,but top gene ontology(GO)processes were similar.The PCB126-associated liver proteome was Ahr-dependent.Ahr principally regulated liver metabolism(e.g.,lipids,xenobiotics,organic acids)and bioenergetics,but it also impacted liver endocrine response(e.g.,the insulin receptor)and function,including the production of steroids,hepatokines,and pheromone binding proteins.These effects could have been indirectly mediated by interacting transcription factors or microRNAs.The biologic roles of the AHR and its ligands warrant more research in liver metabolic health and disease.

关键词： AHR Endocrine disruption Environmental liver disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Perilipin-2 pheromones PCB126

Syntheses of(R)-and(S)-3-Methylheptanoic Acids

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中国化学:英文版 2015年第6期33卷 674-678页

作者： Shunji Zhang Yong Shi Weisheng Tian CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Starting from chiral methyl molecules 3 and 4,both derived from(R)-4-methyl-δ-valerolactone,we have ac-complished the synthesis of(R)and(S)-3-methylheptanoic acids.Our methods are amendable to the syntheses of a wide... 详细信息

关键词： pheromones chiral pool natural products total synthesis (R)-4-methyl-δ-valerolactone

Physical contact, volatiles, and acoustic signals contribute to monogamy in an invasive aggregating bark beetle

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1285-1297页

作者： Zhu-Dong Liu Guo-Bing Mi Kenneth F.Raffa Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Erdaochuan Forest Station of Guandi Mountain Forest Bureau WenshuiShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Entomology University of WisconsinMadisonWlUSA University Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The behavioral strategies and mechanisms by which some insects maintain monogamous mating systems are not well understood.We investigated the mating system of the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens,and identified several contributing mechanisms.Field and laboratory observations suggest the adults commonly form permanent bonds during host colonization.Moreover,it showed mated females that remained paired with males produced more offspring than mated females that were alone in galleries.In bioassays,a second female commonly entered a gallery constructed by a prior female.Videos show she commonly reached the location of the first female,but they did not engage in actual fighting.Rather,the second female typically departs to form her own gallery.Acoustic signaling likewise does not appear to influence female-female encounters,based on controlled muting experiments.Instead the intruder appears to perceive the residents presence by physical contact.Both acoustic signals and volatiles released by females during gallery constructing were shown to attract males.After a male joined a female in a gallery,the male-produced aggressive sounds,which were shown by playback to deter other males from entering the gallery.Unlike female-female interactions,resident males use their head and rear to push intruders out of galleries.Additionally,volatiles released by males during feeding repelled intruding males,discouraging them from entering the gallery.Males also construct plugs that block the entrance,which may prevent subsequent males and predators from entering the gallery.Thus,D.valens has evolved multifaceted mechanisms contributing to single pairings that confer benefits to both sexes.

关键词： acoustic signals behavioral assay Dendroctonus valens mating system pheromones rivalry

High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) Equipped with a Neurophysiological Detector (NPD) as a Tool for Studying Olfactory System Intoxication by the Organophosphate (OP) Pesticide Diazinon and the Influence of OP Pesticides on Reproduction

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International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography 2015年第1期3卷 14-24页

作者： Ilia Brondz Norwegian Drug Control and Drug Discovery Institute (NDCDDI) AS Ski Norway

A neurophysiological detector (NPD) is a hybridization of olfactory system neurons of the fish crucian carp, Carassius carassius L., with a computerized electronic device connected to a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). This system makes it possible to measure neurophysiological activities in the olfactory system of C. carassius L. after exposure of this fish to alarm pheromones. The construction of the system was presented for the first time at the 3rd International Symposium on Separation in Bio Sciences SBS 2003 in I. Brondz, et al., The Fish Olfactory System Used as an In-Line HPLC Neurophysiologic Detector NPD, 3rd Int. Symposium on Separation in Bio Sciences SBS 2003: A 100 Years of Chromatography, 13-18 May, Moscow, Russia, 2003, Abstract O- 27, p. 95. A complete paper was published in I. Brondz, et al., Neurophysiologic Detector (NPD)—A Selective and Sensitive Tool in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, Vol. 800, No. 1-2, 2004, pp. 41-47, and the hybridization of living cells with an electronic device has been discussed (I. Brondz, et al., International Scientific-Technical Conference Sensors Electronics and Microsystems Technology (SEMST-1), 1-5 June, (Odessa), Ukraine, 2004, Plenum Lecture, Abstract p. 17;I. Brondz, et al., The European Chemoreception Research Organization ECRO 2004 Congress, 12-15 September, (Dijon), France, 2004, Abstract P-3;and I. Brondz, et al., Biosensors as Electronic Compounds for Detector in the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Electronic Components and Systems, Vol. 3, No. 103, 2006, pp. 25-27). In the present study, an HPLC equipped with an NPD was used to assess the influence of organophosphate (OP) pesticides on olfactory sensory nerves and the modification of nerve signals from the olfactory organ. The results show that exposure of the olfactory system to OP pesticides can lead to disruption of normal reflexes and to significant suppression of individual sexual activity and, as a result,

关键词： Neurophysiological Detector Alarm pheromones Sex pheromones Suppression of a Population Suppression of Individual Sexual Activity Organophosphate (OP) Pesticides Diazinon Endocrine Disruptors

An Initial Open-Label Study of a Novel Pheromone Complex for Use in Cats

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2021年第3期11卷 105-116页

作者： Xavier De Jaeger Laurianne Meppiel Sarah Endersby Andrew Howard Sparkes CEVA Santé Animale Libourne France Simply Feline Veterinary Consultancy Shaftesbury Dorset UK

Background: A number of specific synthetic pheromones have been commercially available for many years and used to help modify different problem behaviours exhibited by companion animals. Recently, a new synthetic feline pheromone complex has been patented and made available commercially. Objectives: This study was designed as an initial open-label uncontrolled trial to evaluate the potential impact of the new synthetic pheromone complex on a range of different problem behaviours in pet cats. Methods: 150 owned pet cats from either one-cat (n = 66) or two-cat (n = 84) households that had one or more of four defined problem behaviours (urine spraying, n = 31;scratching furnishings, n = 113;fear, n = 63;or inter-cat conflict, n = 25), were recruited to a 28-day study of a new plug-in diffuser containing the novel feline pheromone complex. Results: By day 28, significant (P values ≤ 0.01) improvements were seen in both the frequency and intensity of all four problem behaviours, as assessed by the owners using blinded questionnaires. A reduction in the frequency of individual problem behaviours was reported by 69.8% - 77.4% of owners and a reduction in

Image Edge Detection Method Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

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国际计算机前沿大会会议论文集 2019年第2期 184-185页

作者： Qirong Lu Qianmin Liang Jiqiu Chen Jiwei Xia Modern Education Technology Center Guilin University of Technology Guangxi 541004 China College of Mechanical and Control Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guangxi 541004 China

Ant colony algorithm has good results in finding the optimal solution in a certain field;and image edge detection is an essential foundation for all kinds of image processing. How to improve image edge detection becomes a hot topic in image processing. In this paper, the ant colony algorithm is applied to image edge detection, and the ant colony algorithm’s discreteness, parallelism and positive feedback are fully utilized. Through repeated iteration, pheromone acquisition and pheromone matrix were continuously updated to search for images step by step. The experimental results show that the ant colony algorithm can effectively detect the edge of the image, and the detection effect of the algorithm is significantly improved compared with the Roberts algorithm.

关键词： Ant colony optimization Edge detection pheromones Pheromone matrix