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The ecology of sexual dimorphism in size and shape of the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 183-191页

作者： Martin LAPORTE Patrick BERREBI Julien CLAUDE Dolors VINYOLES Quim Pou-RoVIRA Jean-Claude RAYMOND Pierre MAGNAN lnstitut des Sciences de I'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM) UMR 5554 UM2-CNRS-IRD Universite de Montpellier II CC065 Place E. Bataillon Montpellier Cedex 534095 France Departement de Biologie Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes (IBIS) Universite Laval Quebec Quebec City Canada G1V 0A6 Department of Evolutionary Biology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Avda. Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain Sorello estudis al medi aquatic Placa St. Pere 15 Baixos 17007 Girona Spain Office National de I'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques (0NEMA) Unite Specialisee Milieux Lacustres Pisciculture de Rives 13 Quai de Rives Thonon-les-Bains 74200 France Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants-ecosystemes aquatiques (RIVE) Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres C. P. 500 Trois-Rivieres Quebec City Canada G9A 5H7

Sexual selection is considered the major cause of sexual dimorphism, but recent observations suggest that natural selection may play a more important role in the evolution of sex differentiation than previously recognized. Therefore, studying the trade-offs between natural selection and sexual selection is crucial to a better understanding of the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis, a fish inhabiting lakes and rivers around the Mediterranean Sea, displays strong sexual dimorphism in size, shape, and behavior （i.e., larger body and head size for males and higher swimming requirements for females during the reproductive period）. We tested for differences in sexual dimorphism in size and shape between the populations from lake and river habitats with the goal of identifying the trade-offs between natural and sexual se- lection that underlie variations in sexual dimorphism in this species. Our results show i） differences in sexual size dimorphism （SSizeD） in accordance to Rensch＇s rule （i.e., larger individuals in rivers associated with higher SSizeD）, and ii） a decrease in shape differentiation between males and fe- males in lake populations. Together, this suggests that the different environmental conditions between lake and river habitats （e.g., resource limitations, predation pressure, water velocity） affect the relative importance of sexual selection in the display of sexual dimorphism within the species. This study highlights the importance of considering the environmental conditions to which populations are exposed to better understand the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

关键词： evolutionary ecology geometric morphometrics phenotype-environment interaction Rensch's rule sexual dimorphism.

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