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Occurrence,removal,and environmental risks of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants in south China

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第6期12卷 69-79页

作者： Huang Huang Jie Wu Jian Ye Tingjin Ye Jia Deng Yongmei Liang Wei Liu School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology Guangzhou 510006China Foshan Water Group Co. Ltd.Foshan 528000China

Pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater released from human consumption have received considerable attention because of their possible risks for aquatic environments. In this study, the occurrence and removal of 10 pharmaceuticals in three municipal wastewater treatment plants in southern China were investigated and the environmental risks they posed were assessed. Nifedipine, atenolol, metoprolol, valsartan and pravastatin were detected in the influent wastewater. The highest average concentration in the influents was observed for metoprolol (164.6 ng/L), followed by valsartan (120.3 ng/L) in August, while median concentrations were higher in November than in August. The total average daily mass loadings of the pharmaceuticals in the three plants were 289.52 mg/d/person, 430.46 mg/d/person and 368.67 mg/d/person, respectively. Elimination in the treatment plants studied was incomplete, with metoprolol levels increasing during biological treatment. Biological treatment was the most effective step for PhACs removal in all of the plants studied. Moreover, the removal of PhACs was observed with higher efficiencies in August than in November. The WWTP equipped with an Unitank process exhibited similar removals of most PhACs as other WWTPs equipped with an anoxic/oxic (A/O) process or various anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) process. The environmental risk assessment concluded that all of the single PhAC in the effluents displayed a low risk (RQ<0.1) to the aquatic environments.

关键词： pharmaceuticals Wastewater treatment Pearl River Delta Occurrence Removal Risk assessment

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Use of DREAM to assess relative risks of presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from a wastewater treatment plant

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 91-104页

作者： Daniela M.Pampanin Daniel Schlenk Matteo Vitale Pierre Liboureau Magne O Sydnes Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of StavangerStavanger 224021Norway Department of Environmental Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA

Concerns related to environmental risks associated with pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)have led researchers to seek methods for assessing and monitoring these contaminants in the aquatic *** and validating risk assessment tools that can evaluate ecological concerns and risks associated with PPCPs is ***,the suitability of a dose-related risk and effect assessment model,which estimates predicted environmental concentrations and allowed comparisons with predicted no effect concentrations determined,in combination with in vitro analyses of the whole effluent toxicity,was verified for the characterization of a PPCP *** of the most utilized PPCPs in Norway were measured in influent and effluent samples and used to parameterize the fate *** than 90%removal was attained for 12 out of 22 detected *** was not dependent on the class or the concentration of the specific substance and varied between 12%and 100%.The PPCPs detected in the discharged wastewater were utilized to assess individual contributions to the risk of the effluent,and no risk was identified for the targeted 30 *** simulations provided valuable information regarding the discharge plume distribution over time,which can aid planning of future environmental monitoring ***(using fish liver cells,PLHC-1)were used for assessing overall effluent toxicity,through cell viability,production of reactive oxygen species,and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD)*** present study may allow regulators to use risk-based strategies over removal criteria for monitoring studies and confirms the importance to take PPCP contamination into consideration when establishing environmental regulations.

关键词： pharmaceuticals Wastewater effluent Ciprofloxacin Metoprolol Amitriptyline Carbamazepine Modelling Risk assessment Monitoring

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Determination of 27 pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)in water:The benefit of isotope dilution

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 127-136页

作者： Xueqi Fan Jie Gao Wenchao Li Jun Huang Gang Yu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKJLESPC) Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control(BKLEOC)School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China CSD IDEA(Beijing)Environment Test&Analysis Co. Ltd.Beijing 100192China

pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)are a unique group of emerging and nonpersistent *** this study,27 PPCPs in various water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction(SPE),and determined by isotope dilution method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem triple quadruple mass spectrometer(LC-MS/MS).A total of 27 isotopically labeled standards(ILSs)were applied to correct the concentration of PPCPs in spiked ultrapure water,drinking water,river,effluent and influent *** corrected recoveries were 73%-122%with the relative standard deviation(RSD)<16%,except for *** matrix effect for all kinds of water samples was<22%and the method quantitation limits(MQLs)were 0.45-8.6 ng/*** developed method was successfully applied on environmental water *** SPE extracts of spiked ultrapure water,drinking water,river and wastewater effluent were stored for 70 days,and the ILSscorrected recoveries of 27 PPCPs were obtained to evaluate the correction ability of ILSs in the presence of variety *** recoveries of 27 PPCPs over 70 days were within the scope of 72%-140%with the recovery variation<37%in all *** isotope dilution method seems to be of benefit when the extract has to be stored for long time before the instrument analysis.

关键词： pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs) Isotopically labeled standard(ILSs) Water Solid-phase extraction(SPE) LC-MS/MS

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Hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction followed by analytical instrumental techniques for quantitative analysis of heavy metal ions and pharmaceuticals

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第2期10卷 109-122页

作者： Wajid Ali Khan Muhammad Balal Arain Yadollah Yamini Nasrullah Shah Tasneem Gul Kazi Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard Mohammad Tajik Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan23200KPKPakistan Department of Chemistry University of Karachi75270KarachiPakistan Department of Chemistry Tarbiat Modares UniversityP.O.Box 14115-175TehranIran National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of SindhJamshoro76080SindhPakistan School of Pharmacy University of OsloOsloNorway

Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME)and electromembrane extraction(EME)are miniaturized extraction techniques,and have been coupled with various analytical instruments for trace analysis of heavy metals,drugs and other organic compounds,in recent ***-LPME and EME provide high selectivity,efficient sample cleanup and enrichment,and reduce the consumption of organic sol-vents to a few micro-liters per ***-LPME and EME are compatible with different analytical in-struments for chromatography,electrophoresis,atomic spectroscopy,mass spectrometry,and electrochemical ***-LPME and EME have gained significant popularity during the recent *** review focuses on hollow fiber based techniques(especially HF-LPME and EME)of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals(published 2017 to May 2019),and their combinations with atomic spectroscopy,UV-VIS spectrophotometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,capillary elec-trophoresis,and voltammetry.

关键词： Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction Electromembrane extraction Heavy metals pharmaceuticals Instrumental techniques

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Probing the degradation of pharmaceuticals in urine using MFC and studying their removal efficiency by UPLC-MS/MS

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第3期11卷 320-329页

作者： Priya Sharma Devendra Kumar Srikanth Mutnuri Applied Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory Birla Institute of Technology&Science(BITS)Pilani403726ZuarinagarIndia Central Sophisticated Instrumentation Facility Birla Institute of Technology&Science(BITS)Pilani403726ZuarinagarIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198-602USA

Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as ***,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,*** their removal is crucial as they have detrimental effects on the environment and human *** current study focuses on investigating the degradation of pharmaceuticals using a double-chamber microbial fuel cell(MFC).Urine was spiked with four pharmaceuticals(trimethoprim,lamivudine,levofloxacin,and estrone)at a concentration of 2 mg/*** MFC was operated for 7 months in batch mode with this spiked urine as *** degradation efficiency of the MFC was studied,for which a selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantitation of compounds used in the spiking experiments and was validated with a lower limit of quantification of 0.39 ng/*** maximum removal rate achieved was 96%±2%.The degradation mechanism involved processes like sorption and anoxic *** voltage curve obtained showed that the presence of pharmaceuticals had an initial negative impact on power generation along with increased organic content;however,after the reactor acclimatization,increased power output was achieved with maximum organics removal at 30 h of retention *** work opens a new perspective for the anoxic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and can be useful in future bioremediation studies.

关键词： pharmaceuticals Urine MFC Biodegradation Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy

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Multistage defense response of microalgae exposed to pharmaceuticals in wastewater

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第4期34卷 424-429页

作者： Yuhao Chu Chaofan Zhang Xi Chen Xue Li Nanqi Ren Shih-Hsin Ho State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

Recently, the use of microalgae for bioremediation of pharmaceuticals(Ph As) has attracted increasing interest. However, most studies focused more on microalgae removal performance, its defensive response to the Ph As during wastewater treatment remains unexplored. Herein, microalgal three defensive systems have been investigated in synthetic wastewater, with six Ph As as the typical drug. Results show that Ph As could bind to EPS, and this action in turn could help to alleviate the direct toxicity of Ph As to microalgae. Subsequently, the physiological analyses revealed the increase of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD) activities, potentially reducing the oxidative stress induced by Ph As. Furthermore, the enzyme activities of cytochrome P450(CYP450) and glutathione-S-transferase(GST) were significantly upregulated after exposure to SMX, CIP and BPA, followed by a significant decrease in biodegradation rates after the addition of CYP450 inhibitors, suggesting that the biotransformation and detoxification of Ph As occurred. Meanwhile, molecular docking further revealed that CYP450 could bind with Ph As via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, which proved their abilities to be metabolized and form transformation products in microalgae. These findings provide an advancing understanding of microalgae technologies to improve the treatment of wastewater contaminated with Ph As.

关键词： Microalgae pharmaceuticals Extracellular polymeric substances Antioxidant enzyme CYP450 enzyme

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Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of vitamin E in pharmaceuticals,milk powder and blood serum using potassium ferricyanide-Fe(Ⅲ) detection system

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第6期21卷 712-715页

作者： Saima Jadoon Amir Waseem Mohammad Yaqoob Abdul Nabi Department of Chemistry University of BalochistanQuettaPakistan

A simple and sensitive flow injection spectrophotometric method is reported for the determination of vitamin E using potassium ferricyanide-Fe(Ⅲ) detection *** the presence of vitamin E,Fe(Ⅲ)/ferricyanide *** in situ reduced ions are then reacted with unreduced portion of ferricyanide/Fe(Ⅲ) to make soluble Prussian blue,which is monitored at absorption wavelength of 735 *** calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1-40μg mL^(-1).The relative standard deviations (n=4) were in the range of 1.1-3.6%,with limits of detection(3 s blank) of 0.04μg mL^(-1).The proposed method allowed 12 injections h^(-1).The method is applied to determine vitamin E in pharmaceuticals,infant milk and blood serum samples using hexane extraction with the recoveries in the range of 93±3 to 97.5±4%.The method is validated using certified reference materials SRM 968c for blood serum samples.

关键词： Flow injection Spectrophotometry Vitamin E Prussian blue Fe(III) Ferricyanide pharmaceuticals Blood serum

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Analytical methods for determination of terbinafine hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals and biological materials

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第3期6卷 137-149页

作者： Basavaiah Kanakapura Vamsi Krishna Penmatsa Department of Chemistry University of Mysore Manasagangotri Mysore 570006 Karnotaka India

Terbinafine is a new powerful antifungal agent indicated for both oral and topical treatment of myco- sessince. It is highly effective in the treatment of determatomycoses. The chemical and pharmaceutical analysis of the drug requires effective analytical methods for quality control and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. Ever since it was introduced as an effective antifungal agent, many methods have been developed and validated for its assay in pharmaceuticals and biological materials. This article reviews the various methods reported during the last 25 years.

关键词： Terbinafine hydrochloride Analytical methods pharmaceuticals Biological materials

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Fate,transport,and risk assessment of widely prescribed pharmaceuticals in terrestrial and aquatic systems:A review

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 216-228页

作者： Jamal F.Shaheen Banu Sizirici Ibrahim Yildiz Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 127788Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Chemistry Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 127788Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Rapid development of pharmaceuticals outpaces the efforts to regulate and monitor their trace concentrations in the *** emerging issue can only be solved through field studies,solid fate and transport models,and adequate risk assessment of the concerned *** approach requires the availability of toxicological information about the contaminants along with an understanding of their full potential in different media of the *** review paper focuses on commonly used seven pharmaceutical families across the globe:antacids,antibiotics,antidepressants,antiepileptics,beta blockers,lipid lowering drugs,and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory *** each family,pharmaceuticals which are widely prescribed,studied,and frequently detected in environment were *** concentration levels in the environment,updated physicochemical properties,main natural removal mechanism,and ecological risk assessment towards the receptors of those pharmaceuticals in aquatic and terrestrial systems were *** following results were observed in the literature:1)removal of the pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants is reduced when the dissolved organic matter present;2)many studies have cited older physicochemical properties of the concerned pharmaceuticals assuming relative conditions in their studies which can affect the accuracy of a model;3)the number of studies are very limited for fate and transport in the soil;and 4)there is lack of cumulative risk assessment of mixed pharmaceutical ***,this review will provide modeler with updated physiochemical properties;it will guide researchers to focus on removal of those contaminants at different lifecycle stages;and it will provide guidance to policy makers to develop effective policies and regulations.

关键词： Emerging contaminants pharmaceuticals Fate and transport Risk assessment Removal mechanism

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Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in surface water and sediment of Buffalo and Sundays River estuaries, South Africa and their ecological risk assessment

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 187-195页

作者： Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro Abiodun Olagoke Adeniji Lucy Semerjian Omobola Oluranti Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre University of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology National University of LesothoP.O.180RomaLesotho Department of Environmental Health Sciences College of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates

This study investigated the presence of pharmaceuticals in the water and sediment of Buffalo and Sundays River Estuary,South *** for water and sediment samples was achieved with solidphase extraction and ultrasonic extraction methods,*** of the target analytes was done with *** pH of surface water in all the sampling sites(8.18-10.1)were above the WHO guideline(6.5).A good correlation was observed between the concentrations of analytes with organic matter and organic *** showed that carbamazepine exhibited the highest concentration(8.75±1.45 mg/kg)of all the pharmaceuticals,while trimethoprim has the highest detection frequency with the highest concentration of 1.62±0.83 mg/kg in the sediment *** was below the detection limit in both *** risk quotients revealed that carbamazepine and trimethoprim could be of potential risk,while caffeine may pose a very low risk to the aquatic organisms *** monitoring of the runoff entering Buffalo Estuary is required,being the point of discharge of Buffalo River to the Indian ***,the domestic waste discharge from residences in the surroundings of Sundays Estuary should be monitored.

关键词： pharmaceuticals Estuaries Physicochemical parameters Risk assessment Contamination source Correlation

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