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Indirect costs counteract the effects of pollinator-mediated phenotypic selection on corolla size in the mediterranean shrub Halimium atriplicifolium

引用

Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第4期7卷 364-372页

作者： Alberto L.Teixido Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosTulipán s/nMóstolesE-28933 MadridSpain

Aims larger corollas receive more pollinator visits but involve higher production and maintenance costs,especially under hot and dry *** can result in indirect costs on reproductive output,which may counteract the effects of pollinator-mediated phenotypic selection on corolla *** this study,I explored the relationship between corolla size and indirect costs and whether these costs counteract the effects of pollinator-mediated phenotypic selection on this trait in the mediterranean shrub Halimium atriplicifolium.I hypothesized that(i)corolla production entails direct costs in dry mass,N and P,(ii)corollas entail significant indirect costs in terms of fruit and seed production,(iii)indirect costs increase with corolla size,(iv)this species may suffer pollen limitation to a certain degree and(v)indirect costs counteract the effects of pollinator-mediated selection on corolla *** I compared fruit set and seed production of petal-removed flow-ers(r flowers)and unmanipulated control flowers(C flowers)and evaluated the influence of individual mean corolla size on relative fruit and seed gain of r compared to C flowers.I also estimated phenotypic selection on corolla size mediated by indirect costs and the combined effect of costs and pollinators(*** selection).Important Findings Corollas allocated sizeable amount of resources in terms of dry mass relative to the other floral *** set and seed per fruit were significantly higher in r flowers,while individual mean corolla size showed a positive relationship with relative fruit *** selection analysis revealed cost-mediated negative directional selection and absence of positive directional total selection on corolla size through fruit *** translated into stabilizing total *** results suggest that mediterranean environments can impose constraints on corolla size,counteracting advantages of larger corollas from the pollination point of view with increased in

关键词： dry mass fruit set petal removal relative gain of fruits and seeds seeds per fruit stabilizing selection

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