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Agricultural pesticide use and food safety:California's model

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2340-2357页

作者： Minghua Zhang Michael R Zeiss Shu Geng Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California California Department of pesticide Regulation Sino-US Joint Food Safety Research Center Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Sciences University of California

pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety and the environment as well as human health. This paper reviews the positive benefits of agricultural pesticide use as well as some potential negative impacts on the environment and food safety. In addition, using the case of California, we discuss the need for both residue monitoring and effective pest management to promote food safety. Twenty years＇ pesticide residue data from California＇s pesticide residue monitoring program were analyzed. Results showed that more than 95% of food samples were in compliance with US pesticide residue standards （tolerances）. However, certain commodities from certain sources had high percentages of residues above tolerance levels. Even when residues above tolerance levels were detected, most were at levels well below 1 mg kg^-1, and most posed negligible acute health risk. However, a few detected residues had the potential to cause health effects. Therefore, establishing an effective food residue monitoring program is important to ensure food quality throughout the marketplace.

关键词： food safety food security pesticide use residue monitoring environmental impacts IPM tolerances maximum residue limits (MRLs)

The impact of Bt cotton adoption on the stability of pesticide use

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第10期16卷 2346-2356页

作者： QIAO Fang-bin HUANG Ji-kun WANG Shu-kun LI Qiang China Economics and Management Academy Central University of Finance and Economics China Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking University Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Economics & Management Beijing Forestry University

Even though the impact of Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton on pesticide use has been well documented, all previous stud- ies focus on the mean value of pesticide use. Using seven unique waves of panel data collected between 1999 and 2012 in China, we show that Bt cotton adoption has not only caused a reduction of the mean value of pasticide use, but also a reduction of the standard deviation of pesticide use. We conclude that Bt technology adoption has also contributed to the stability of pesticide use in cotton production. We believe that this contribution is theoretically and practically relevant because of the long length of our unique dataset.

关键词： stability pesticide use Bt cotton household panel data China

Farmer's Knowledge on GM Technology and pesticide use:Evidence from Papaya Production in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第12期11卷 2107-2115页

作者： HOU Lin-ke HUANG Ji-kun WANG Xiao-bing HU Rui-fa XUE Chun-ling Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of Technology College of Economic and Management South China Agricultural University

Genetically modified （GM） technology can significantly reduce pesticide use and increase yield in crop production. However, the benefit from reducing pesticide use varies substantially among farmers. The overall goal of this paper is to understand the relationship between farmers＇ knowledge of GM technology and pesticide use in genetically modified papaya （GMP） production. Based on a survey of 223 farms in three main papaya production provinces in 2010, the data show that almost all papaya planted in 2009 was genetically modified. However, only 28% of papaya farmers knew that they planted GMP, and 55% of them did not know GMP is resistant to papaya ringspot virus （PRSV）. Further analyses using the general least squares （GLS） method show that farmers＇ knowledge of GMP significantly affects their pesticide use, and potential gain from GM technology is far below its full potential. The paper concludes with policy implications.

关键词： genetically modified papaya knowledge pesticide use

pesticide Contamination in Land Reform Settlements in Brazil： Empirical Evidences from Caiaponia, Goias State

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第3期2卷 197-202页

作者： Alcido Elenor Wander Cleyzer Adrian da Cunha Agostinho Dirceu Didonet Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Santo Antonio de Goias Goias 75375000 Brazil Department of Postgraduate Program in Agribusiness Federal University of Goias Goiania Goias 74001970 Brazil Department of Postgraduate Program in Regional Development Faculdades Alves Faria (ALFA) Goiania Goias 74445190Brazil

Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides worldwide. Public health studies in Brazil show that inadequate use of pesticides increases the incidence of accidents and contamination of poor rural communities. This study sought to identify factors that determine the occurrence of problems with pesticides in a typical Brazilian land reform settlement. The study was carried out in Caiaponia, Goias state. In the empirical analysis, the econometric model pro bit was used. The dependent variable was the existence of health problems in the family setting that are caused by pesticides. The independent variables were the family size; the attendance to any church, whether Catholic or Protestant; if farmers received any technical assistance; the current health condition of the family, and if there are exacerbated erosion problems on the farm. Data from 28 farmers were collected through a structured questionnaire. Among the main findings, larger families have a higher probability of accidents involving pesticides. The current healthy conditions of family and the problems of soiled gradation in the farm imply are duction in the likelihood of contamination with pesticides. These two results indicate that rural households that have good health condition and have experienced environmental degradation on their farm have higher environmental awareness.

关键词： pesticide use environmental awareness health issues.

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