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perception of artificial conspecifics by bearded dragons(Pogona vitticeps)

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 214-222页

作者： Anna FROHNWIESER Thomas W.PIKE John C.MURRAY Anna WILKINSON School of Life Sciences University of LincolnLincolnUK School of Computer Science University of LincolnLincolnUK Wildlife Research Center Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

Artificial animals are increasingly used as conspecific stimuli in animal behavior research.However,researchers often have an incomplete understanding of how the species under study perceives conspecifics,and,hence,which features are needed for a stimulus to be perceived appropriately.To investigate the features that bearded dragons(Pogona vitticeps)attend to,we measured their lateralized eye use when assessing a successive range of stimuli.These ranged through several stages of realism in artificial conspecifics,to see how features such as color,the presence of eyes,body shape and motion influence behavior.We found differences in lateralized eye use depending on the sex of the observing bearded dragon and the artificial conspecific,as well as the artificial conspecific’s behavior.Therefore,this approach can inform the design of robotic animals that elicit biologically-meaningful responses in live animals.

关键词： bearded dragons conspecifics lateralized eye use perception

Itch perception is reflected by neuronal ignition in the primary somatosensory cortex

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National Science Review 2022年第6期9卷 90-99页

作者： Xiao-Jun Chen Yan-He Liu Ning-Long Xu Yan-Gang Sun Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology

Multiple cortical areas including the primary somatosensory cortex(S1) are activated during itch signal processing, yet cortical representation of itch perception remains unknown. Using novel miniature two-photon microscopic imaging in free-moving mice, we investigated the coding of itch perception in S1.We found that pharmacological inactivation of S1 abolished itch-induced scratching behavior, and the itch-induced scratching behavior could be well predicted by the activity of a fraction of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that a subpopulation of S1 pyramidal neurons encoded itch perception, as indicated by immediate subsequent scratching behaviors. With a newly established optogenetics-based paradigm that allows precisely controlled pruritic stimulation, we found that a small fraction of S1 neurons exhibited an ignition-like pattern at the detection threshold of itch perception. Our study revealed the neural mechanism underlying itch perceptual coding in S1, thus paving the way for the study of cortical representation of itch perception at the single-neuron level in freely moving animals.

关键词： itch perception primary somatosensory cortex miniature two-photon microscopic imaging

Role of public space design on the perception of historical environment:A pilot study in Amasya

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第1期11卷 13-30页

作者： Emel Birer PınarÇalışır Adem Department of Architecture İstanbul Kültür UniversityİstanbulTurkey Department of Architecture Yeditepe UniversityİstanbulTurkey

The experience,perception,awareness,and appreciation of the environment created by public spaces are important elements of urban design.In this context,a strong link exists between perception,public spaces,and historical cities.Amasya is one of the multilayered historical cities in Anatolia.Amasya’s holistic urban texture,close relationship with the river,and public spaces are associated with both the Iris River and the historical texture.This pilot study examines the Yalıboyu Promenade,a contemporary open public space designed along the river and across the historical texture in Amasya in Turkey to reveal how it affects people’s perception of the historical environment.The study uses the mixed method approach,which includes qualitative and quantitative data.Following the theoretical discussion,the study investigates the context of the promenade.The survey results revealed how the firsttime visitors had perceived the historical texture of the promenade based on Rapoport’s method of using environmental signs.The results were interpreted by jointly evaluating qualitative and survey data.Furthermore,although some aspects need improvement,the promenade solidifies the perception of the historical environment.Overall,when the public space is integrated with the historical environment and public life,it offers multidimensional contributions that cannot be ignored.Therefore,examining the promenade from perceptual aspects and offering a design approach to promote integration with the historical environment may help to establish a precedent case for future initiatives.

关键词： Historical environment Public space perception Conservation

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perception: 4th ed.

Equilibrium as the common ground:Introducing embodied perception into structural design with graphic statics

2002年

作者： Sekuler Robert.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第3期11卷 574-589页

作者： Shuaizhong Wang Toni Kotnik Joseph Schwartz Ting Cao Department of Architecture ETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland Department of Architecture Aalto UniversityEspoo02150Finland Department of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen518055China

The analogy between the human body and architectural structures dates all the way back to ancient times and has significantly shaped the design of buildings and structures.The article examines the body’s historical influence on how structures are perceived and designed,demonstrating how the body shapes the"technical truth"dimension of structural design while oblivious to the importance of an"artistic truth"or perceptual dimension.This article aims to connect recent neuroscience findings and their implications for structural design through graphic statics and its design methods.Finally,this article proposes an equilibrium-based structural design approach for designing embodied structures based on graphic statics.

关键词： Structural design Body Equilibrium perception Graphic statics Neuroscience

Identification of plant genes putatively involved in the perception of fungal ergosterol-squalene^∞

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第7期62卷 927-947页

作者： Laura Lindo Rosa E.Cardoza Alicia Lorenzana Pedro A.Casquero Santiago Gutiérrez Area of Microbiology University of LeónCampus of PonferradaPonferradaSpain University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture University of LeónLeónSpain

Trichoderma biocontrol strains establish a complex network of interactions with plants,in which diverse fungal molecules are involved in the recognition of these fungi as nonpathogenic organisms.These molecules act as microbial-associated molecular patterns that trigger plant responses.Previous studies have reported the im-portance of ergosterol produced by Trichoderma spp.for the ability of these fungi to induce plant growth and de-fenses.In addition,squalene,a sterol biosynthetic inter-mediate,seems to play an important role in these inter-actions.Here,we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of ergosterol and squalene on tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)growth and on the transcription level of defense-and growth-related genes.We used an RNA-seq strategy to identify several tomato genesencoding predicted pattern recognition receptor proteins or WRKY transcription factors,both of which are puta-tively involved in the perception and response to ergo-sterol and squalene.Finally,an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the genes homologous to these tomato candidates led to the identification of a WRKY40 transcription factor that negatively regulates salicylic acid-related genes and positively regulates ethylene-and jasmonate-related genes in the presence of ergosterol and squalene.

关键词： plant perception pattern

Preface for Robust and Certifiable perception System for Intelligent Vehicle

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Automotive Innovation 2022年第3期5卷 221-222页

作者： Guang Chen Alois Knoll Zhihua Zhong School of Automotive Studies and Department of Computer Science Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina 不详

The perception system is one of the most important parts of intelligent vehicles and has developed rapidly in recent years.Accuracy,efficiency,and robustness of perception algorithms like object detection and scene parsing have been greatly improved.However,developing a robust and certifiable perception system is still challenging.Most perception systems can only work in relatively simple traffic scenarios,such as highways or closed environments,and would possibly fail in extreme conditions with the presence of extreme amounts of outliers due to false detection or sensor malfunction.

关键词： extreme false perception

perception of ChatGPT among Chinese Experts:A Thematic Analysis of a Semi-structured Interview

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教育技术与创新 2023年第2期5卷 77-82页

作者： Yujie Su Fai Man Chan Yunyang Wu Xinyu Xu School of Foreign Studies Wenzhou University Information Center Macao Polytechnique University

ChatGPT,as an emergent technique,has become a heat throughout the world.Currently,it was not known entirely to the public.To gain knowledge of how experts perceive and experience ChatGPT,a semi-structured interview was conducted.By doing thematic analysis of their interview reports,it found that the experts construed the chatbot not the same as some media advertised.They didn’t regard it as a threat to their occupation,but as a helper or an assistant both in life and work.Neither did they restrict its use in education or other fields.They viewed the challenges of ChatGPT in a welcomed and positive way.

关键词： ChatGPT thematic analysis experts perception

A Plant Immune Receptor Adopts a Two-Step Recognition Mechanism to Enhance Viral Effector perception

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Molecular Plant 2019年第2期12卷 248-262页

作者： Jia Li Haining Huang Min Zhu Shen Huang Wenhua Zhang Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar Xiaorong Tao Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China Department of Plant Biology and The Genome Center College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis CA USA

Plant intracellular nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors play critical roles in pathoge n surveillance. Most plant NLRs characterized so far were found to use a single domain/sensor to recognize pathogen effectors. Here we report that the Sw-5b NLR immune receptor uses two distinct domains to detect the viral movement protein NSm encoded by tospovirus. In addition to its leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain that has been previously reported, the N-terminal Solanaceae domain (SD) of Sw- 5b also interacts with NSm and a conserved 21-amino-acid region of NSm (NSm^21). The specific interaction between Sw-5b SD and NSm is required for releasing the inhibitory effect of coiled-coil domain on the NBARC- LRR region. Furthermore, we found that the binding of NSm affects the nucleotide binding activity of the NB-ARC-LRR in vitro, while Sw-5b NB-ARC-LRR is activated only when NSm and NSm^21 levels are high. Interestingly, Sw-5b SD could significantly enhanee the ability of the NB-ARC-LRR to detect low levels of NSm effector and facilitate its activation and induction of defense response. An Sw-5b SD mutant that is disrupted in NSm recognition failed to enhance the ability of the NB-ARC-LRR to sense low levels of NSm and NSm^21 . Taken together, our results suggest that Sw-5b SD functions as an extra sensor and the NB-ARC-LRR as an activator, and that Sw-5b NLR adopts a two-step recog nition mechanism to enhance viral effector perception.

关键词： plant innate immunity nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors Solanaceae domain (SD) pathogen perception two-step recognition defense response