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Prediction of maximal heart rate percent during constant intensity efforts on trained subjects

Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2012年第4期2卷 190-197页

作者： Chams Eddine Guinoubi Ammar Nbigh Youssef Grira Raouf Hammami Salma Abedelmalek Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Sousse Tunisia Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education Kef Tunisia Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) Tunis Tunisia Research Unit High Institute of Sport and Physical Education University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between %HRmax and %vVO2max at constant efforts made at different intensities. In randomized order, males healthy subjects (Age: 25 ± 7 years, Weight: 70 ± 11 kg, VO2max: 55 ± 8 ml·kg–1·min–1) were divided into two groups, a trained one with more than 3 training sessions per week (n = 10) a moderately trained one with 3 drives or less per week (n = 15). The difference between the two groups corresponds to a time to exhaustion above and below 40 min at 80% vVO2max. All subjects performed 5 tests with a gradual increase in speed of 1 km·h–1 every 2 min and 4 constant speed tests at 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% VO2max. All test were performed at the same time of day (i.e., 18:00 h). The results of this study showed that eighteen collective regressions including different independent variables were developed to predict %HRmax. The individual equations developed, have r values between 0.974 and 0.993 and Syx, between 1.2 and 1.9 ml·kg–1·min–1, they are more accurate than the collective equations (one equation for all subjects) with r values between 0.81 to 0.89 and Syx, between 4.1 and 5.3 ml·kg–1·min–1. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the model of predictions of %HRmax from %vVO2max in triangular tests were not appropriate for rectangular efforts. From the equations developed, we find that the time to exhaustion at 90% vVO2max is the best predictor of level of endurance then the time limit to 80% vVO2max.

关键词： Heart Rate percent Treadmill Exercise Prediction Triangular Test

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Optimizing Building Envelope Dimensions for Passive Solar Houses in the Qinghai-Tibetan Region: Window to Wall Ratio and Depth of Sunspace

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第6期28卷 1115-1128页

作者： LIU Zhijian WU Di LI Junyang YU Hancheng HE Baojie Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaodingHebei 071003China Department of Building Energy Conservation Qinghai College of Architectural TechnologyXining 810002China Faculty of Built Environment University of New South WalesNSW 2052Australia

It has been a focus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the space heating performance of high-altitude buildings in winter seasons. In view of the abundant solar energy resources of the high-altitude region, the establishment of passive solar houses should be an effective strategy to deal with the problem of thermal comfort. Both window to wall ratio(WWR) and sunspace depth are of vital importance to determine the thermal comfort level of passive solar houses, while there are limited studies on analyzing their impacts on passive solar houses in high-altitude regions. Therefore, this study is designed to examine how WWR and sunspace depth affect space heating of passive solar houses in the Qinghai-Tibetan region. To be specific, the hourly radiation temperature variations and percentages of dissatisfaction of the residential building with different sunspace depth/WWR(including 0.9 m/33%, 0.9 m/45%, 0.9 m/60%, 1.2 m/33% and 1.5 m/33%) were quantitatively examined. Results indicated that under the condition of 0.9 m/45%, the overall average radiation temperature of the building was approximately 16°C during the entire heating season, which could better satisfy the heating requirements. Meanwhile, the average temperature was higher, and the thermal comfort level was better under the ratio of 45% or the depth of 1.5 m, when only an individual factor in either ratio or depth was considered. These findings can provide references for the determination of dimensions of passive solar houses in high-altitude regions.

关键词： passive solar house indoor thermal comfort sunspace depth WWR (window to wall ratio) PPD (Predicted percent Dissatisfied)

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Construction quality acceptance performance-related specifications for chip seals

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第4期6卷 337-348页

作者： Javon Adams Cassie Castorena Y.Richard Kim Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering North Carolina State University

The research described herein details the establishment of a framework for construction quality acceptance performance-related specifications(PRS) for chip seal surface treatments. This paper establishes acceptance quality characteristics(AQCs) and relationships between the AQCs and related chip seal performance measures. This work is a critical step in developing PRS for constructed chip seal treatments and establishing suitable guidelines for the PRS. The main objective of this paper is to determine appropriate test methods to evaluate each defined AQC. The relationships that are established between the AQCs and chip seal performance are used to define performance ranges and threshold values for a particular performance measure. These performance ranges and threshold values then can be used to define pay factors for the constructed chip seal section. The threshold values and pay factors for each AQC described herein are preliminary recommendations and require further validation prior to implementation. However, this research demonstrates how these PRS would be utilized to ensure acceptable chip seal construction quality in the *** developed construction quality acceptance PRS framework uses the percent within limits(PWL) concept to determine whether a chip seal lot passes the PRS threshold values and whether the contractor receives full pay, is subject to a pay penalty, or fails the construction PRS and must correct the chip seal within the first year in service, which constitutes the typical warranty period for contracted chip seal ***, recommendations are made as to the next steps in the development and validation of these construction quality acceptance PRS that are needed for implementation by contractors and state roadway maintenance agencies.

关键词： Performance-related specifications(PRS) Chip seal Construction Quality assurance percent within limits

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DUAL-FREQUENCY IP

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1993年第4期3卷 1-10页

作者： He,Jishan Department of Geology,Central Sough University of Technology,Changsha 410083,China

The dual-frequency(DF)IP is a new kind of frequency domain IP *** only is thedual-frequency current transmitted simultaneously but the electric potential difference due to dualfrequency current is measured *** paper discusses the principle and charateristicof DF current, DF current can be formed by two rectangular currents which must be coherent orelse false percent Frequency Effect(PEE)will *** currents with different waveforms areequivalent in the ability of detecting IP *** current has much less effect of DFIP than on conventional variable frequency method;in fact,there is no need to stabilize currentin DF IP *** are many differences between harmonic contents of DF current and thatof rectangular wave used in variable frequency method,but theoretical analysis,labaratory mod-eling and field data all show that the anomalies of both DF and variable frequency method are sim-liar in character and close in *** IP can match variable frequeney IP and time domain IPin the ability of detecting IP anomaly,furthermore,dual-frequency IP measurements are morerapid,more accurate and more simple in operation.

关键词： dual frequency IP percent frequency effect IP anomaly

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A NEW HEAT-TREATMENT PROCESS FOR 2014 ALUMINUM ALLOY AND ITS MECHANISM

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1993年第3期3卷 42-47页

作者： Wang, Lingyun Huang, Guangjie Chao, Denju Chongqing Univsrsity, Chongqing 630044, China

The plan of heat-treatment process for 2014Al alloy is designed using orthogonal method, the heat-treatment experiments are made and the mechanical properties are tested according to the designed plan. The effect of solid solution temperature, ageing temperature, ageing time on microscopic mechanism of the mechanical properties of the 2014Al alloy is studied using microscope, transmission electron microscope. The best heat treatment process of the 2014Al alloy is developed. The experimental results indicate that the strength σb, yield stress σ0.2, percentage elongation δ of the alloy reach separately 490～500 MPa, 450～490 MPa, 10～12％ adopting the new heat treatment process. Compared with GB, the strength increases 20～30％, the percentage elongation increases 30～40％. The mechanism of the new heat-treatment process is also discussed.

关键词： 2014Al new heat treatment process mechanism ultimate tensile strength yield stress percent age elongation

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Effect of Age and Breeds of Cattle on Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Arsi, Boran, and Harar Cattle in Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 367-383页

作者： Timketa Dagne Tefera Yesihak Yusuf Mummed Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu Mengistu Urge Letta Travis G. O’Quine Jessie L. Vipham Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of age and breed of cattle on carcass and meat characteristics in Ethiopia. A total of 39 (Arsi 11, Boran 14 and Harar 14) cattle breeds with age categories of percent, fat characteristics, and primal beef cuts were evaluated. Complete randomized design was used for the study. The live weight of bulls at percentage, meat yield percent, forequarter, hindquarter, rib eye area, and fat thickness ranged 57 - 209.73 kg, 41.8% - 51.6%, 32% - 58%, 11.7 - 56.42 kg, 14.04 - 45.34 kg, 4.78 - 10.25 square inches and 0.18 - 0.38 inches, respectively. At an early age category (percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar breeds were 50.86, 30 and 18.72, respectively, and as age category shifted from one age category to the next Harar increased by 13× and Boran by 2.9× and Arsi decreased by -0.93×. The mean rib percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar were in the range of 7.98 - 9.57, 8.62 - 10.44 and 7.08 - 8.83, respectively. Breed and age of bulls had significantly affected primal meat cuts. Meat yield was predicted from live and hot carcass weight with coefficient determination (R2) of 70.66% and 74.75%, respectively. From the study, it was concluded that age and breeds of cattle had significantly influence on carcass and meat characteristics. Therefore, to determine whether variations were due to genetic or environmental cause’s evaluation of the three breeds under similar feeding condition was recommended.

关键词： Breed Age Carcass Meat Yield percent Fat Characteristics

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A New Fuzzless Seed Locus in an Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) Mutant

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 799-804页

作者： Efrem Bechere Rick B. Turley Dick L. Auld Linghe Zeng Agricultural Research Service (ARS) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Stoneville USA Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University Lubbock USA.

Various fiber mutants of cotton have been reported since 1920. Two of the best characterized mutants are the naked seed loci, N1N1 and n2n2. Recently, a naked-tufted mutant called 9023 nt4 was developed from the cultivar SC 9023 through chemical mutagenesis. The mutant was tested to determine if it was allelic to either N1, or n2 or was a unique mutant in a new uncharacterized locus. In 1999, one M3 plant from SC 9023 with tufted partially naked seed coat (fuzzless) was identified. In 2004, 2006, and 2007 (Lubbock, TX), 2007 (College Station, TX), and 2011 (Stoneville, MS), the homozygous naked seed mutant was evaluated with the non-mutated wild type parent (SC 9023) in rep-licated trials for agronomic and fiber traits. Crosses between the mutant and the wild type was made at Stoneville, MS in 2009. The F2 of this cross segregated in a 3 fuzzy: 1 fuzzless ratio indicating that the fuzzless trait in the mutant is controlled by a recessive locus. Allelism tests with N1N1, n2n2 and n3n3, lint percent, and fiber trait data indicated that the new locus in the mutant differs from the previously characterized fuzzless seed alleles in that it does not appear to decrease lint percent. We have putatively designated this gene nt4nt4 .

关键词： Fuzzy Fuzzless Lint percent Mutagenesis Mutant Naked Seed

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Influence of Maternal and Larval Immunisation against Lactococcus garviaeInfection in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walaum) Lysozyme Activity and IgM Level

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2015年第3期5卷 258-269页

作者： Paria Akbary Ali Reza Mirvaghefi Mostafa Akhlaghi Mohammad Saeid Fereidouni Department of Marine Sciences Fisheries Group Chabahar Maritime University Chabahar Iran Department of Natural Resources Faculty of Fisheries Tehran University Tehran Iran Aquatic Animal Health Unit School of Veterinary Medicine Shirazu University Shiraz Iran

This study evaluated efficacy of maternal and larval immunisation against Lactococcus garviae infection and on the lysozyme and immunoglobulin (IgM) levels in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walaum). Forty-eight-day-old larvae (mean weight 96 mg) originating from injected weekly with letrozole and immunised, only immunised and non-immunised parents were experimentally infected with the L. garvieae, and the mortality rate was recorded daily. Larvae were vaccinated by immersion at 58 days post hatch with live L. garvieae (109 cells/mL) for 15 min. Every third day post larvae vaccination, two larvae from each group were collected for analysis lysozyme (by a method based on the ability of lysozyme to lyse the bacterium Micrococcus lysodeikticus) and IgM (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) parameters. Vaccinated and control larvae were tested for protection against L. garvieae 30 days post larvae immunization when the larvae were 88 days old. Larvae were challenged by bath exposure with live L. garvieae (109 cells/mL) for 2 min and monitored for mortality for at least 10 days following challenge. The challenge experiment with L. garvieae showed a significant reduction in larvae from immunised (54.44% ± 0.64%) and injected weekly with letrozole and immunised fish (52.96% ± 0.97%) compared to larvae from control fish (62.96% ± 2.22%). Vaccinated larvae originated from injected weekly with letrozole and immunised parents showed significantly higher lysozyme activity compared to other fish groups. Vaccinated larvae showed significantly less mortality compared to controls. The relative percent survival (RPS) values of larvae from only immunised, injected weekly with letrozole and immunised and non-immunised parents vaccinated with L. garvieae were 67.36% ± 0.9%, 68.05% ± 0.66% and 48.27% ± 2.79% respectively. The results indicate that the effect of maternal immunization rainbow trout against L. garvieae infection by eliciting the immune responses as indicated by

关键词： Immunisation Relative percent of Survival (RPS) Rainbow Trout Larvae Lactococcus garviae Immunoglobulin

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Sensing of Moisture Content of In-Shell Peanuts by NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy

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Journal of Sensor Technology 2012年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： Jaya Sundaram Chari V. Kandala Konda Naganathan Govindarajan Jeyam Subbiah Bio-Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Peanut Research Laboratory Dawson USA

It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are in their shells, it would save lot of labor and money spent in shelling and cleaning the nuts. Grain and nuts absorb low levels of NIR, and when NIR radiation is incident on them, a substantial portion of the radiation is reflected back. Thus, studying the NIR reflectance spectra emanating from in-shell peanuts, an attempt is made for the first time to determine the MC of in-shell peanuts. In-shell peanuts of two different market types, Virginia and Valencia, were conditioned to different moisture levels between 6% and 26% (wet basis), and separated into calibration and validation groups. NIR absorption spectral data from 1000 nm to 2500 nm in 1 nm intervals were collected from both groups. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Reference MC values for each moisture level in these groups were obtained using standard air-oven method. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration data, and prediction models were developed. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC), and R2 of the calibration models were computed to select the best calibration model. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sets. Predicted MC values of the validation samples were compared with their standard air-oven moisture values. Goodness of fit was determined based on the lowest Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and highest R2 value obtained for the prediction models. The model, with reflectance plus normalization spectral data with an SEP of 0.74 for Valencia and 1.57 for Virginia type in-shell peanuts was selected as the best model. The corresponding R2 values were 0.98 for both peanut types. This work establishes the possibility of sensing MC of intact in-shell peanuts by NIR ref

关键词： In-Shell Peanuts NIR Spectroscopy Pretreatments Partial Least Square Standard Error of Prediction Relative percent Deviation

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Application of NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy on Rapid Determination of Moisture Content of Wood Pellets

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第12期6卷 923-932页

作者： Jaya Sundaram Sudhagar Mani Chari V. K. Kandala Ronald A. Holser College of Engineering University of Georgia Athens USA National Peanut Research Laboratory Dawson USA Russell Research Center Athens USA

NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture concentration of wood pellets. Pellets were conditioned to various moisture levels between 0.63% and 14.16% (wet basis) and the moisture concentration was verified using a standard oven method. Samples from various moisture levels were separated into two groups, as calibration and validation sets. NIR absorption spectral data from 400 nm to 2500 nm with 0.5 nm intervals were collected using pellets within the calibration and validation sample sets. Spectral wavelength ranges were taken as independent variables and the MC of the pellets as the dependent variable for the analysis. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on both raw and preprocessed spectral data of calibration set to determine the best calibration model based on Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) and coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The PLS model that yielded the best fit was used to predict the moisture concentration of validation group pellets. Relative percent Deviation (RPD) and Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) were calculated to validate goodness of fit of the prediction model. Baseline and Multiple Scatter Corrected (MSC) reflectance spectra with 1st derivative model gave the highest RPD value of 4.46 and R2 of 0.95. Also it’s SEP (0.670) and RMSEP (0.782) were less than the other models those had RPD value more than 3.0 with less number of factors. Therefore, this model was selected as the best model for moisture content prediction of wood pellets.

关键词： Wood Pellets NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy Moisture Content Partial Least Square Relative percent Deviation

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