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penetration depth for yaw-inducing bursting layer impacted by projectile

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第4期19卷 1002-1009页

作者：陈万祥郭志昆钱七虎叶均华徐小壮 School of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of Technology Engineering Institute of Corps of Engineers PLA University of Science and Technology

In order to accurately estimate the anti-penetration capacity of yaw-inducing bursting layer with irregular barriers on surface impacted by projectile,the theoretical model of attack angle and angular velocity for projectile impacting on irregular barrier was achieved according to the macroscopic relation of contact force versus contact time,in which the main factors such as the relative geometrical characteristics of projectile and irregular barrier,material property and impact velocity of projectile influencing on yaw-inducing effectiveness were *** the basis of considering synthetically the influences of attack angle,impact velocity,impact angle of projectile and uncontrolled free surface of target,the theoretical formulation of penetration depth for bursting layer with irregular barriers on surface impacted by projectile was presented by expressing the stress of an optional point on the nose of projectile according to the relation of stress versus *** theoretical results indicate that in the case of oblique impact embodying effect of attack angle,the penetration depth is reduced with the increase of impact angle,attack angle or angular velocity,and penetration trajectory is also deflected *** effectiveness of angular velocity influencing on penetration depth is increased with impact velocity *** theoretical results are in good agreement with test data for low impact velocity.

关键词： solid mechanics penetration depth contact mechanics computation method yaw-inducing bursting

Analysis of penetration depth of Pipeline on Cohesive Soil Seabed

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第6期33卷 739-745页

作者： ZHANG Qi-yi ZHANG Yuan YAN Yun-qiang WU Shao-xuan College of Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Marine Engineering in Shandong Province Qingdao 266100China

This paper conducts laboratory tests to investigate detailedly the soil deformation law around the pipeline and its penetration depth under self-gravity. The seabed model is prepared by consolidating saturated soil using vacuum pressure technology, and the pipeline models are specifically designed to possess different radii. Based on the experimental results and digital images, the soil deformation process is analyzed and summarized, a kinematic admissible velocity field is given and an upper bound solution of pipeline penetration depth and soil reaction force is derived and proposed in this paper. In order to verify the accuracy of the upper bound solution deduced in this paper,a comparison is made among some published results and the solution suggested in this paper, the comparison results confirm that the upper bound solution and the soil failure mode are reasonable. Finally two empirical formulas are given in this paper to estimate the soil reaction force of seabed and the penetration depth of pipeline. The empirical formulas are in agreement with the upper bound solution derived in this paper, and the conclusion of this paper could provide some theoretical reference for the further study of the interaction between the pipeline and the soil.

关键词： upper bound solution kinematic admissible velocity field soil reaction force penetration depth

The penetration depth of atomic radicals in tubes with catalytic surface properties

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第7期26卷 157-164页

作者： Domen PAUL Miran MOZETIC Rok ZAPLOTNIK Alenka VESEL Gregor PRIMC Denis DONLAGIC Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova Cesta 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School Jamova Cesta 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MariborKoroska Cesta 46Maribor 2000Slovenia

Catalysis of molecular radicals is often performed in interesting experimental *** possible configuration is tubular *** radicals are introduced into the tubes on one side,and stable molecules are exhausted on the other *** penetration depth of radicals depends on numerous parameters,so it is not always feasible to calculate *** article presents systematic measurements of the penetration depth of oxygen atoms along tubes made from nickel,cobalt,and *** source of O atoms was a surfatron-type microwave *** initial density of O atoms depended on the gas flow and was 0.7×10^(21)m^(-3),2.4×10^(21)m^(-3),and 4.2×10^(21)m^(-3)at the flow rates of 50,300,and 600 sccm,and pressures of 10,35,and 60 Pa,*** gas temperature remained at room temperature throughout the *** dissociation fraction decreased exponentially along the length of the tubes in all *** penetration depths for well-oxidized nickel were 1.2,1.7,and 2.4 cm,*** cobalt,they were slightly lower at 1.0,1.3,and 1.6 cm,respectively,while for copper,they were 1.1,1.3,and 1.7 cm,*** results were explained by gas dynamics and heterogeneous surface *** data are useful in any attempt to estimate the loss of molecular fragments along tubes,which serve as catalysts for the association of various radicals to stable molecules.

关键词： oxygen plasma penetration depth catalysis heterogeneous surface recombination atom loss

Simulations of the effects of density and temperature profile on SMBI penetration depth based on the HL-2A tokamak configuration

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第6期26卷 218-227页

作者：吴雪科李会东王占辉冯灏周雨林 School of Science Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041 China

Using the trans-neut module of the BOUT＋＋ code, we study how the fueling penetration depth of supersonic molecular beam injection（SMBI） is affected by plasma density and temperature profiles. The plasma densities and temperatures in L-mode are initialized to be a set of linear profiles with different core plasma densities and temperatures. The plasma profiles are relaxed to a set of steady states with different core plasma densities or temperatures. For a fixed gradient, the steady profiles are characterized by the core plasma density and temperature. The SMBI is investigated based on the final steady profiles with different core plasma densities or temperatures. The simulated results suggest that the SMB injection will be blocked by dense core plasma and high-temperature plasma. Once the core plasma density is set to be N（i0）= 1.4N0（N0= 1 × 10^19m^-3） it produces a deeper penetration depth. When N（i0） is increased from 1.4N0 to 3.9N0 at intervals of 0.8N0, keeping a constant core temperature of T（e0）= 725 eV at the radial position of ψ = 0.65, the penetration depth gradually decreases. Meanwhile, when the density is fixed at N（i0）= 1.4N0 and the core plasma temperature T（e0） is set to 365 eV,the penetration depth increases. The penetration depth decreases as T（e0） is increased from 365 eV to 2759 eV. Sufficiently large N（i0） or T（e0） causes most of the injected molecules to stay in the scrape-off-layer（SOL） region, lowering the fueling efficiency.

关键词： tokamak plasma fueling SMBI penetration depth HL-2A

Photon penetration depth in human brain for light stimulation and treatment:A realistic Monte Carlo simulation study

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2017年第5期10卷 59-68页

作者： Ting Li Chang Xue Pengbo Wang Yan Li Lanhui Wu Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 300192 TianjinP.R.China State Key Lab Elect Thin Film&Integrated Device and Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Electronic Science&Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P.R.China Design Center Avic Beijing Keeven Aviation Instrument Co. Ltd China Aviation Industry Corporation Beijing 100098P.R.China

Light has been clinically utilized as a stimulation in medical treatment,such as Low-level laser therapy and photodynamic thenapy,which has been more and more widely accepted in *** penetration depth of the treatment light is important for precision treatment and safety *** isue of light penetration has been highlighted in biomedical optics field for ***,quantitative research is sparse and even there are conflicts of view on the capability of near-infrared light penet ration into brain *** study attempts to quantitatively revisit this issue by innovative high-realistic 3D Monte Caro modeling of stimulated light penetnation within high precision Visible Chinese human *** properties of light,such as its wave-length,ilumination profle and size are concern in this *** made stra ightforward and quantitative comparisons among the ffects by the light properties(i.e.,wavelengths:660,810 and 980 nn;beam types:Gaussi an and flat beamn;bear dianeters:0,2,4 and 6 cm)which are in the range of light *** findings include about 3%of light dosage within brain tisue;the combination of Gaussian beam and 810nm light make the max imum light penetration(>5cm),which allows light to cross through gray matter into white *** study offered us,the first time as we know,quantitative guide for light stimulation parameter optimization in medical treatment.

关键词： penetration depth light therapy light propagation MCVM human brain

Spatial distribution of penetration depth in Taihu Lake (China) during spring and autumn

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2013年第4期31卷 907-916页

作者：赵巧华魏瀛珠欧阳潇然 College of Remote Sensing Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

In the context of remote sensing, sunlight penetration depth is the depth above which 90% of the diffusely reflected irradiance from a water body surface originates. Model algorithms to simulate water quality variables such as chlorophyll a, dissolved organic matter, suspended matter, and Secchi depth are sensitive to the variations of this variable. The penetration depth for Taihu Lake in China, a shallow and turbid lake, was calculated by using a multiple scattering model, and in situ optical measurements were carried out during May and October 2010. The results show that:1) the penetration depth generally increased from west to east during spring and from southeast to northwest during autumn, reflecting the prevailing wind direction and; 2) there was strong dependence of the penetration depth on the concentration of suspended matter.

关键词： penetration depth multiple scattering model spatial distribution remote sensing Taihu Lake

A STUDY ON penetration depth OF POLARIZATION IMAGING

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第3期3卷 177-181页

作者： RAN LIAO NAN ZENG DONGZHI LI TIANLIANG YUN YONGHONG HE HUI MA Laboratory of Optical Imaging and Sensing Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory for Molecular and Nanosciences of Education Ministry Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China

Optical clearing improves the penetration depth of optical measurements in turbid *** imaging has been demonstrated as a potentially promising tool for detecting cancers in superficial tissues,but its limited depth of detection is a major obstacle to the effective application in clinical *** the present paper,detection depths of two polarization imaging methods,i.e.,rotating linear polarization imaging(RLPI)and degree of polarization imaging(DOPI),are examined quantitatively using both experiments and Monte Carlo *** results show that the contrast curves of RLPI and DOPI are *** characteristic depth of DOPI scales with transport mean free path length,and that of RLPI increases slightly with *** characteristic depths of RLPI and DOPI are on the order of transport mean free path length and the former is almost twice as large as the *** is expected that they should have different response to optical clearing process in tissues.

关键词： Polarization imaging penetration depth optical scattering

On the Role of Chemical Potential in Determining the Temperature Dependent Critical Magnetic Field and the penetration depth of Superconductors

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2024年第4期14卷 96-106页

作者： Gulshan Prakash Malik Vijaya Shankar Varma Gurugram India Theory Group School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Department of Physics and Astrophysics University of Delhi Delhi India

Dealing with both elemental and high-Tc superconductors (SCs) - Sn, Nb and Pb belonging to the former category, and MgB2 and different samples of YBCO to the latter - we show that the difference in the values of their critical magnetic field Hc1,c2 and the penetration depth λL(0) is, remarkably, attributable predominantly to the difference in the values of a single parameter, viz., the chemical potential (μ) close to their critical temperatures (Tcs). Based directly on the dynamics of pairing in a magnetic field and the corresponding number equation, our approach relates Hc1,c2 of an SC with the following set of its properties: S1 = {μ, Tc, Debye temperature, effective mass of the electron, magnetic interaction parameter, Landau index}. Hence, it provides an alternative to the approach followed by Talantsev [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 33, 1950195 (2019)] who has shown by ingeniously combining the results of various well-established theories that Hc2 of an SC can be calculated via four different equations, each of which invokes two or more properties from its sample-specific set S2 = {Tc, gap, coherence length, λL(0), jump in sp. ht.}, which is radically different from S1.

关键词： Pairing and Number Equations Incorporating Temperature Chemical Potential and Magnetic Field Critical Magnetic Field penetration depth Sn Nb Pb MgB2 YBCO

Magnetic penetration depth and pinning behavior in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2Oy single crystals

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 1999年第12期 3-5页

作者：李晓光孙学峰赵霞 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei 230026 University of Science and Technology of China

Pr-doping effects on the penetration depth and pinning behavior of Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2Oy single crvs-tals have been studied systematically. It was found that Pf scattering modifies the temperature dependence of penetration depth from linear behavior to square behavior, which strongly supports the d-wave symmetry of order parameter. The substitution of Pr for Ca weakens the CuO interlayer coupling, which causes the decreases of irreversibihty line Bin(T) It is believed that the irreversibility line originates from vortex depinning.

关键词： Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2Oy penetration depth interlayer coupling irreversibility line