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Using Path Analysis to Identify the Influence of Climatic Factors on Spring peak flow Dominated by Snowmelt in an Alpine Watershed

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 990-1000页

作者： ZHANG Fei-Yun LI Lan-Hai AHMAD Sajjad LI Xue-Mei State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Nevada Las Vegas NV 89154-4015 USA Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong University

Spring snowmelt peak flow （SSPF） can cause serious damage. Precipitation as rainfall directly contributes to the SSPF and influences the characteristics of the SSPF, while temperature indirectly impacts the SSPF by shaping snowmelt rate and determining the soil frozen state which partitions snowmelt water into surface runoff and soil infiltration water in spring. It is necessary to identify the important and significant paths of climatic factors influencing the SSPF and provide estimates of the magnitude and significance of hypothesized causal connections between climatic factors and the SSPF. This study used path analysis with a selection of five factors - the antecedent precipitation index （API）, spring precipitation （SP）, winter precipitation as snowfall （WS）, 〈0℃ temperature accumulation in winter （[ATNI）, and average 〉0℃temperature accumulation in spring （AT） - to analyze their influences on the SSPF in the Kaidu River in Xinjiang, China. The results show that {ATN}, AT and WS have a significant correlation with the SSPF, while API and SP do not show a significant correlation. AT and WS directly influence the SSPF, while as the influence of[ATN] on SSPF is indirect through WS and AT. The indirect influence of [ATN[ on SSPF through WS accounts for 69% of the total influence of [ATN] on SSPF. Compared to the multiple linear regression method, path analysis provides additional valuable information, including influencing paths from independent variables to the dependent variable as well as direct and indirect impacts of external variables on the internal variable. This information can help improve the description of snow melt and spring runoff in hydrologic models as well as the planning and management of water resources.

关键词： Snowmelt peak flow Path analysis Alpine watershed

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Evaluating Functions of Reservoirs'Storage Capacities and Locations on Daily peak Attenuation for Ganjiang River Basin Using Xinanjiang Model

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第6期26卷 789-802页

作者： DU Jinkang ZHENG Dapeng XU Youpeng HU Shunfu XU Chongyu School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Anhui Electric Power Design Institute of China Energy and Electricity Construction Group Hefei 230601China Department of Geography Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsville IL 62026USA State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Geosciences University of OsloN-0316 Oslo 1047 BlindernNorway

Flooding is the most prevalent and costly natural disaster in the world and building reservoirs is one of the major structural measures for flood control and management. In this paper, a framework was proposed to evaluate functions of reservoirs′ locations and magnitudes on daily peak flow attenuation for a large basin of China, namely Ganjiang River Basin. In this study, the Xinanjiang model was adopted to simulate inflows of the reservoirs and flood hydrographs of all sub-catchments of the basin, and simple reservoir operation rules were established for calculating outflows of the reservoirs. Four reservoirs scenarios were established to analyze reservoirs′ locations on daily peak flow attenuation. The results showed that: 1) reservoirs attenuated the peak discharges for all simulated floods, when the flood storage capacities increase as new reservoirs were built, the peak discharge attenuation by reservoirs showed an increasing tendency both in absolute and relative measures; 2) reservoirs attenuated more peak discharge relatively for small floods than for large ones; 3) reservoirs reduced the peak discharge more efficiently for the floods with single peak or multi peaks with main peak occurred first; and 4) effect of upstream reservoirs on peak attenuation decreased from upper reaches to lower reaches; upstream and midstream reservoirs played important roles in decreasing peak discharge both at middle and lower reaches, and downstream reservoirs had less effect on large peak discharge attenuation at outlet of the basin. The proposed framework of evaluating functions of multiple reservoirs′ storage capacities and locations on peak attenuation is valuable for flood control planning and management at basin scale.

关键词： reservoir peak flow Xinanjiang model reservoir operation Ganjiang River Basin

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SEDIMENT YIELD MODELING FOR SINGLE STORM EVENTS BASED ON HEAVY-DISCHARGE STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY STABLE SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第3期22卷 208-217页

作者： Mingguo ZHENG1, Qiangguo CAI2, and Qinjuan CHENG3 1Assistant professor, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China. 2 Professor, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China. 3 Doctoral candidate, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The relation between runoff volume and sediment yield for individual events in a given watershed receives little attention compared to the relation between water discharge and sediment yield, though it may underlie the event-based sediment-yield model for large-size watershed. The data observed at 12 experimental subwatersheds in the Dalihe river watershed in hilly areas of Loess Plateau, North China, was selected to develop and validate the relation. The peak flow is often considered as an important factor affecting event sediment yield. However, in the study areas, sediment concentration remains relatively constant when water discharge exceeds a certain critical value, implying that the heavier flow is not accompanied with the higher sediment transport capacity. Hence, only the runoff volume factor was considered in the sediment-yield model. As both the total sediment and runoff discharge were largely produced during the heavy-discharge stage, and the sediment concentration was negligibly variable during this stage, a proportional function can be used to model the relation between event runoff volume and sediment yield for a given subwatershed. The applicability of this model at larger spatial scales was also discussed, and it was found that for the Yaoxinzhuang station at the Puhe River basin, which controls a drainage area of 2264km2, a directly proportional relation between event runoff volume and sediment yield may also exist.

关键词： Sediment yield peak flow flow-sediment relation Loess Plateau

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Evaluating the Performance of HEC-HMS and SWAT Hydrological Models in Simulating the Rainfall-Runoff Process for Data Scarce Region of Ethiopian Rift Valley Lake Basin

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2020年第4期10卷 105-122页

作者： Mohammedreshid A. Aliye Alemu O. Aga Teshale Tadesse Petros Yohannes College of Engineering and Technology Bule Hora University Bule Hora Oromia Region Ethiopia Hawasa Institute of Technology Hawasa University Hawasa Ethiopia

A number of physically-based and distributed watershed models have been developed to model the hydrology of the watershed. For a specific watershed, selecting the most suitable hydrological model is necessary to obtain good simulated results. In this study, two hydrologic models, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrological Engineering Centre-The Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), were applied to predict streamflow in Katar River basin, Ethiopia. The performances of these two models were compared in order to select the right model for the study basin. Both models were calibrated and validated with stream flow data of 11 years (1990-2000) and 7 years (2001-2007) respectively. Nash-Sutcliffe Error (NSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) were used to evaluate efficiency of the models. The results of calibration and validation indicated that, for river basin Katar, both models could simulate fairly well the streamflow. SWAT gave the model performance with the R2 > 0.78 and NSE > 0.67;and the HEC-HMS model provided the model performance with the R2 > 0.87 and NSE > 0.73. Hence, the simulated streamflow given by the HEC-HMS model is more satisfactory than that provided by the SWAT model.

关键词： HEC-HMS SWAT Katar River Basin peak flow Rainfall-Runoff Simulation

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Evaluation of the WEPP Model in a Belgian Agricultural Watershed

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第2期5卷 184-198页

作者： G. Govers F. Licciardello D.A. Zema S.M. Zimbone Physical and Regional Geography Research Group Katholieke University Leuven 3000 Belgium University of Catania Department of Agricultural Engineering Catania 95123 Italy Department of Agro-Forest and Environmental Sciences and Technology Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria Reggio Calabria 89122 Italy

The physically based WEPP （Water Erosion Prediction Project） model was implemented in a small agricultural watershed located in central Belgium, called Ganspoel. The watershed, mainly agricultural and resulting in a smooth topography, covers about 115 ha in a landscape typical of large parts of central Europe. Seventeen runoff, peak flow and sediment yield events, collected during a 2-year monitoring period, were simulated by the model. Even though the runoff volume predictions were well correlated to the corresponding observations, WEPP prediction capability was generally unsatisfactory also when different set-up methods of the soil effective hydraulic conductivity were used. The poor performance achieved for runoff volume and peak flow simulations affected sediment yield predictions. The differences between observed and simulated values for runoff, peak flow and sediment yield events may depend on： i） the great number of small runoff and sediment yield events within the available database with which is associated large natural variation and which in many cases are not well reproduced by WEPP; ii） the lack of model calibration processes; iii） the scarceness of information about some important soil physical and hydrological parameters; iv） the land use heterogeneity and crop schedule complexity of the Ganspoel watershed.

关键词： Watershed modelling WEPP water runoff peak flow soil erosion.

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EVOLUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPER－CONCENTRATED flow IN BRAIDED CHANNEL OF THE YELLOW RIVER

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1996年第3期 49-57页

作者： QI Pu LI Wenxue( Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,P.R.China)( Chief Engineer,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,P.R.China)

ＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＨＹＰＥＲ－ＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＥＤＦＬＯＷＩＮＢＲＡＩＤＥＤＣＨＡＮＮＥＬＯＦＴＨＥＹＥＬＬＯＷＲＩＶＥＲ￥ＱＩＰｕ；ＬＩＷｅｎｘｕｅ（Ｓｅｎｉｏｒｅｎｇｉｎ... 详细信息

ＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＨＹＰＥＲ－ＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＥＤＦＬＯＷＩＮＢＲＡＩＤＥＤＣＨＡＮＮＥＬＯＦＴＨＥＹＥＬＬＯＷＲＩＶＥＲ￥ＱＩＰｕ；ＬＩＷｅｎｘｕｅ（Ｓｅｎｉｏｒｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｙ...

关键词： Hyper-concentrated flood Channel Braided river Hydrograph Sediment concentration peak flow Flood stage Channel shape

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