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payoff-based accumulative effect promotes cooperation in spatial prisoner’s dilemma

Chinese Physics B 2010年第9期19卷 53-58页

作者：刘永奎李智陈小杰王龙 Center for Complex Systems Department of Automatic Control EngineeringXidian University State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Center for Systems and ControlCollege of EngineeringPeking University

We study the effect of accumulative payoff on the evolution of cooperation in the evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma on a square lattice. We introduce a decaying factor for the accumulative payoff, which characterizes the extent that the historical payoff is accumulated. It is shown that for fixed values of the temptation to defect, the density of cooperators increases with the value of the decaying factor. This indicates that the more the historical payoff is involved, the more favourable cooperators become. In the critical region where the cooperator density converges to zero, cooperators vanish according to a power-law-like behaviour. The associated exponents agree approximately with the two-dimensional directed percolation and depend weakly on the value of the decaying factor.

关键词： payoff accumulative effect prisoner's dilemma cooperation

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The existence theorem of absolute equilibrium about games on connected graph with state payoff vector

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第6期53卷 1483-1490页

作者： GAO HongWei,YANG HuiJing,WANG GuiXi & YU Kun College of Mathematics,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China College of Mathematics Qingdao University

By introducing state payoff vector to every state node on the connected graph in this paper,dynamic game is researched on finite *** concept of simple strategy about games on graph defined by Berge is introduced to prove the existence theorem of absolute equilibrium about games on the connected graph with state payoff *** complete algorithm and an example in the three-dimensional connected mesh-like graph are given in this paper.

关键词： connected graph state payoff vector simple strategy absolute equilibrium three-dimensional mesh-like graph

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An Approach to Quantify the Heat Wave Strength and Price a Heat Derivative for Risk Hedging

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第1期29卷 1-9页

作者： Samuel S. P.SHEN Benedikt KRAMPS Shirley X.SUN Barbara BAILEY Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State University

Mitigating the heat stress via a derivative policy is a vital financial option for agricultural producers and other business sectors to strategically adapt to the climate change scenario. This study has provided an approach to identifying heat stress events and pricing the heat stress weather derivative due to persistent days of high surface air temperature （SAT）. Cooling degree days （CDD） are used as the weather index for trade. In this study, a call-option model was used as an example for calculating the price of the index. Two heat stress indices were developed to describe the severity and physical impact of heat waves. The daily Global Historical Climatology Network （GHCN-D） SAT data from 1901 to 2007 from the southern California, USA, were used. A major California heat wave that occurred 20-25 October 1965 was studied. The derivative price was calculated based on the call-option model for both long-term station data and the interpolated grid point data at a regular 0.1~ x0.1~ latitude-longitude grid. The resulting comparison indicates that （a） the interpolated data can be used as reliable proxy to price the CDD and （b） a normal distribution model cannot always be used to reliably calculate the CDD price. In conclusion, the data, models, and procedures described in this study have potential application in hedging agricultural and other risks.

关键词： heat derivative price heat wave risk cooling degree day call option payoff southern California

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An Alternative Approach to the Lottery Method in Utility Theory for Game Theory

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American Journal of Operations Research 2015年第3期5卷 199-208页

作者： William P. Fox Department of Defense Analysis Naval Postgraduate School Monterey USA

In game theory, in order to properly use mixed strategies, equalizing strategies or the Nash arbitration method, we require cardinal payoffs. We present an alternative method to the possible tedious lottery method of von Neumann and Morgenstern to change ordinal values into cardinal values using the analytical hierarchy process. We suggest using Saaty’s pairwise comparison with combined strategies as criteria for players involved in a repetitive game. We present and illustrate a methodology for moving from ordinal payoffs to cardinal payoffs. We summarize the impact on how the solutions are achieved.

关键词： Analytical Hierarchy Process Cardinal Utility Game Theory payoff Matrix

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An ideal economic model for the formation of transportation networks

An ideal economic model for the formation of transportation ...

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第二届全国复杂动态网络学术论坛

作者：常云峰蔡勖 Institute of particle physics Central China normal university Institute of particle physics Central China normal university

＜正＞We build an ideal economic model for the formation of transportation networks on the basis of the thought of competitive *** result shows that all the networks generated by our model have small-world property and the degree distribution of transportation networks can be exponential or Gaussian *** we did not get the power-law distribution as some of the real transportation *** introduced the definition of payoff,which shows the gain of the nodes when build a new *** step we choose the node with minimal payoff to update.

关键词： Networks optimization competition payoff small-world topology

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Environmental adaptability promotes cooperation in the evolutionary game

Environmental adaptability promotes cooperation in the evolu...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Lihui Shang Huiting Luo University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

Cooperative dynamics as a special type of complex human behavior has received increasing attention in recent *** previous studies investigated this problem via spatial reciprocity, where players obtain their payoffs by interacting with direct neighbors, and verified that environmental factors can influence the evolution of cooperation. In this paper, we consider the environmental adaptability in the prisoner’s dilemma game where agents can be in a dominant, intermediate or harsh environment depending on the number of the cooperative neighbors. Here, the strategy update mechanism is based on the tradeoff between environmental adaptability difference and the payoff difference. Simulation results suggest that the cooperation level can be greatly enhanced in this model compared with the traditional version. Interestingly, the more emphasis on the environmental adaptability, the higher the cooperation level.

关键词： cooperation environmental adaptability payoff reward

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