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Current Research and Future Directions in pattern identification： Results of an International Symposium

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第12期22卷 947-955页

作者： Myeong Soo Lee Ju Ah Lee Terje Alraek 卞兆祥 Stephen Birch Hirozo Goto Jeeyoun Jung 高尚德 Sang-Kwan Moon Bongki Park Kyung-Mo Park Sooseong You Kyung-Jin Yun Chris Zaslawski Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon 305-811 Republic of Korea National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine UiT The Artic University of Norway Troms 9037 Norway University College of Health Sciences Institute of Acupuncture Oslo 0855 Norway School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China Department of Kampo Medicine Hokusei Hospital Toyama 930-0814 Japan College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taiwan China Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease Hospital of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 130-872 Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University Yongin Republic of Korea College of Traditional Chinese Medicine University of technologysydney(Post Box 1231) Australia

A symposium on pattern identification（PI）was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine（KIOM）on October 2,2013,in Daejeon,South Korea.This symposium was convened to provide information on the current research in PI as well as suggest future research directions.The participants discussed the nature of PI,possible research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.With eight presentations and an extensive panel discussion,the symposium allowed participants to discuss research methods in traditional medicine for PI.One speaker presented the topic,＇Clinical pattern differentiation and contemporary research in PI.＇Two speakers presented current trends in research on blood stasis while the remaining five other delegates discussed the research methods and future directions of PI research.The participants engaged in in-depth discussions regarding the nature of PI,potential research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.

关键词： pattern identification international symposium Chinese medicine traditional Korean medicine

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Effect of Chinese Medicine Treatment Based on pattern identification on Cellular Immunophenotype of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第6期23卷 469-473页

作者： ZHANG Yu QIAN Li-li SHEN Jian-ping CHEN Jun-fa GAO Yan-ting XIANG Jing-jing YE Bao-dong ZHOU Yu-hong Department of Hematology the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou(310006)China

Objective： To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS）. Methods： Sixty patients with MDS were randomly and equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group using a randomized digital table. Thirty patients in each group included 3 risk levels （low, moderate and high risks） with each level 10 patients according to the international prognostic scoring system. The control group was given conventional therapy which was also used in the treatment group. While the treatment group was given Zuogui Pill （左归丸） and Yougui Pill （右归丸） for low risk patients; Qingwen Baidu Decoction （清瘟败毒饮） and Bazhen Decoction （八珍汤） for moderate risk patients; Gexia Zhuyu Decoction （膈下逐瘀汤） and Qinghao Biejia Decoction （青蒿鳖甲汤） combined with Shiquan Dabu Decoction （十全大补汤） for high risk patients. After the treatment, the differences of overatl response rate and immunophenotype （CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34） of each group were analyzed. Results： The overall response rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in low risk and moderate risk patients （P=0.029）, there was no statistical differences of overall response rate between the treatment group and the control group in high risk patients （P=0.089）. The expressions of CD13, CD14, CD33 and CD34 in all three risk levels of the treatment group were obviously decreased after the treatment, while CD15 in all three risk levels of the treatment group was obviously increased after the treatment （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Meanwhile, the difference values of CD13 and CD33 in low risk level of the treatment group, CD33 and CD34 in moderate risk level of the treatment group as well as CD34 and CD15 in high risk level of the treatment group, were all greater than the control groups and they were statistically significant （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusions： It shows a better therapeutic effect if the MDS patients treated with Chinese medicine pattern identification

关键词： myelodysplastic syndrome Chinese medicine pattern identification immunophenotype

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Incorporating pattern identification of Chinese Medicine into Precision Medicine:An Integrative Model for Individualized Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第11期21卷 807-810页

作者：李金根徐浩 Graduate School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Cardiovascular Diseases Center Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

On 20 January, 2015, U.S. President Obama announced an ambitious plan called ＂Precision Medicine （PM） Initiative＂, aiming to deliver genetics- based medical treatments. PM has shown a promising prospect by tailoring disease treatments and preventions to individuals. However, a predominantly genetics-based method restricts its benefit and applicability in most chronic and complex diseases. pattern identification （PI） is one of the representative characteristics of Chinese medicine implying the concept of holism and individualized treatment. It is another classification method taking environmental, psychosocial and other individual factors into account. Integrating PI with disease diagnosis of Western medicine will provide a strong complement to genetics-based PM, thus establish an integrative model for individualized medicine. PI provides new perspectives for PM, not only in clinical practice, but also in new drug development and clinical trial design. It is for sure that the integrative approach will ultimately lead to a safer, more convenient and effective patient-centered healthcare and most patients will benefit in the era of PM.

关键词： precision medicine Chinese medicine pattern identification syndrome differentiation individualized medicine

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Designing Clinical Studies That Take into Account Traditional East Asian Medicine's Systems and Methods-with Focus on pattern identification

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第5期20卷 332-335页

作者： Terje Alraek National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine NAFKAM should be in brackets i.e.(NAFKAM)Department of Community MedicineFaculty of Health ScienceUiT the Arctic University of Norway9037 TromsφNorway University College of Health Sciences CK Institute of AcupunctureOsloNorway

This article is based on two presentations held at Chinese medicine conference in Rothenburg （2013）, Germany and at the 19th Anniversary of Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine （KIOM） International Symposium of Current Research Trends in Traditional Medicine - pattern of identification （2013）. In designing clinical studies, it is a research question that leads to appropriate study design. However, they are mostly diagnostic procedures and techniques that are the key points to reflect the application of systems and methods in all forms of medicine - traditional East Asian medicine （TEAM） is no exception. The challenges within TEAM based on research reflect in different systems of medicine/theories such as traditional Japanese acupuncture, traditional Korean acupuncture and traditional Chinese acupuncture. This diversitv of medical svstems and methods applied in East Asia seems to have beenfruitful within the different countries and traditional medicines have found their places within the respective countries health systems. The existing diversity, from a clinician＇s point of view, may be viewed as a treasure when dealing with patients in the ＇real world＇. On the other hand, this diversity seems to challenge the scientific mind worldwide, esoeciallv when it comes to research. Hence. there is a and between clinical practice and research.

关键词： clinical trials pattern identification research clinical knowledge

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The Diagnostic Criteria of Blood-Stasis Syndrome:Considerations for Standardization of pattern identification

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第7期20卷 483-489页

作者：李思铭徐浩陈可冀 Graduate School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Cardiovascular Diseases Center Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

pattern identification （PI）, also called Bian Zheng （辨证）, syndrome differentiation, pattem diagnosis, or pattem classification, is the basic principle and the key concept of Chinese medicine （CM）. The core of PI is CM syndrome, on which CM theory, therapeutic method, prescribing formula and the use of Chinese herbal medicine are basically based. PI, in fact, is another classification method anticipated to improve the clinical efficacy. How to make an exact PI seems to be very important for taking full advantage of PI in clinical practice. Therefore, the establishment of diagnostic criterion of pattern has been the prerequisite for the standardization of PI. In recent years, a lot of diagnostic criteria of different CM patterns have been formulated. Taking the diagnostic criteria for blood-stasis syndrome as a model, the methodologies and considerations in establishing a pattern diagnostic criterion were discussed in this paper, which might be of great reference value in future PI standardization research.

关键词： pattern identification blood-stasis syndrome diagnostic criterion

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An Innovative Method to Accommodate Chinese Medicine pattern Diagnosis within the Framework of Evidence-Based Medical Research

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2011年第11期17卷 824-833页

作者： Christine Berle Deirdre Cobbin Narelle Smith Christopher Zaslawski College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Science Mathematical Sciences University of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

pattern diagnosis is an integral aspect of Chinese medicine （CM）. CM differentiates biomedical diseases into patterns, based upon the patient＇s symptoms and signs. pattern identification （PI） is used to diagnose, direct the treatment principle and determine the treatment protocol. Most CM research has used fixed formula treatments for Western-defined diseases with outcomes measured using objective biomedical markers. This article presents an innovative method used in a randomised controlled pilot study using acupuncture for participants with hepatitis C virus. Each participant＇s CM patterns were identified and quantified at baseline which directed the treatment protocol for the treatment group. Data identified that while each participant expressed different patterns at baseline all participants displayed multiple patterns. Six patterns showed some expression by all 16 participants; Liver （Gan） yin vacuity expressing a group aggregate mean percentage of 47.2, binding depression of Liver qi 46.9, and Liver Kidney （Shen） yin vacuity 45.1. Further sub category gender grouping revealed that pattern ranking changed with gender; Liver yin vacuity （male 53.4%, female 51.93%）, binding depression of Liver qi （male 50.0%, female 42.86%） and Liver Kidney yin vacuity （male 42.9%, female 47.96%）. The quantification of CM patterns described in this article permitted statistical evaluation of presenting CM patterns. Although this methodology is in its infancy it may have potential use in the integration of PI with rigorous evidence based clinical research. Biomedical markers often do not relate to symptom/signs and therefore this innovative measure may offer an additional CM evaluation methodology and further CM PI understanding.

关键词： Chinese medicine pattern identification acupuncture hepatitis C virus

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Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to pattern identification

Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to Pattern Identi...

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第二十四届中国控制会议

作者： Zhang Ying~(1,2) Chen Xuebo~2, Wu Qinghong~2, Wang Wei~1 (1.School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China) (2. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshan University of Science and Technology, Liaoning, 114044, China)

＜正＞ A new algorithm for supervised pattern identification based on Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） is proposed in this paper. At first, an image database with training image samples is set up. Secondly, image samples to be identified and stored in the database are preprocessed. Then, point matching is made between the identified images after preprocesing with the training images after preprocesing by using PSO, respectively. Finally, the identification is realized by seeking the minimum of a defined classification function. This algorithm is approved to be effective, accurate and simple by the experiments.

关键词： pattern identification PSO binarization thinning

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Recognition of Association Between Blood Stasis Syndrome and Traumatic Injury among Doctors of Korean Medicine:A Cross-Sectional Observation Study

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第4期24卷 254-259页

作者： Jeeyoun Jung Mi Mi Ko Ju Ah Lee Myeong Soo Lee Korean Medicine Fundamental Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Clinical Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine

Objective： To investigate the diagnostic indicators and herbal treatments for blood stasis syndrome（BSS） patients with traumatic injuries and to identify the association between BSS and traumatic injury in Korea. Methods： Two-hundred and four patients with traumatic injury were recruited from the Gangnam and Daejeon branches of Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine between June 2014 and December 2014. Two independent doctors of Korean medicine（DKMs） determined the diagnosis of BSS or non-BSS based on the subjects＇ signs and symptoms. The scores assigned to BSS symptoms and DKMs＇ reasons for diagnosing BSS in patients with traumatic injury were investigated. Both medication and herbal prescription records from a 3-month period were collected for all patients diagnosed with BSS by both DKMs. Results： A total of 169 of 204（82.8%） patients received consistent diagnosis related to BSS by two DKMs. Among them, 54.4%（92 cases） were diagnosed with BSS, and 45.6%（77 cases） were not diagnosed with BSS. DKMs most frequently cited symptoms of recent traumatic injury as justifications for BSS diagnoses, and also selected pain-related indicators such as abdominal pain, sharp pain and nocturnal pain as important reasons in diagnosing BSS. In addition, an inconsistency in the pattern identification theory with respect to traumatic injury was observed. Although only 92 cases（54.4%） of patients were diagnosed with BSS, 77.6% of them were prescribed decoctions for BSS. Conclusions： DKMs considered traumatic injury could cause BSS, and utilized decoction for BSS in patients with traumatic injury without confirming a diagnosis of BSS because they assumed the main symptoms or pathologies of traumatic injury to be closely related to BSS.

关键词： blood stasis syndrome Korean medicine traumatic injury herbal medicine diagnosis pattern identification

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Diagnostic Indicators for Blood Stasis Syndrome Patients with Gynaecological Diseases

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第10期24卷 752-757页

作者： Jeeyoun Jung Mi Mi Ko Myeong Soo Lee So Min Lee Ju Ah Lee Korea Medicine Fundamental Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Clinical Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine

Objective： To investigate the important diagnostic indicators for blood stasis syndrome （BSS） in patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases. Methods： A partial least squared-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） were applied to BSS symptoms data of patients with gynaecological diseases, and the diagnostic indicators used by doctors of Korean medicine （DKMs） among BSS patients with gynaecological diseases were also investigated. Results： A total of 103 patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Among the 103 patients, 63 （61.7%） and 40 （38.8%） were diagnosed with BSS and non-BSS, respectively, and BSS patients exhibited a more severe extent of disease. A score plot of PLS-DA showed clearly different patterns among the 3 groups. Based on the variable importance on projection of PLS-DA model, menstrual pains, dark lumps in the menstrual blood, ileocoecal tenderness and resistance, sharp pains, and sublingual varicosities were selected as the top five most important indicators. Moreover, more than 75% of DKMs chose dark lumps in menstrual blood, menstrual pain, and dark menstrual blood as the diagnostic indicators of BSS in patients with gynaecological diseases, and more than 49% of them also considered sharp pains, dark red tongue, sublingual varicosities, and tendency to bruise easily as diagnostic indicators of BSS. Conclusion： DKMs focused on menstrual symptoms and certain gynaecological symptoms to diagnose BSS patients of childbearing age with female diseases.

关键词： blood stasis syndrome diagnosis gynaecological disease pattern identification

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Traditio,nal East Asian Medicine:How to Understand and Approach Diagnostic Findings and patterns in A Modern Scientific Framework?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第5期20卷 336-340页

作者： Stephen Birch Terje Alraek University College of Health Sciences-Campus Kristiania OsloNorway National Research Centre in Complementary and Alternative Medicine UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway

Research into the diagnostic methods and patterns of traditional East Asian medical （TEAM） systems of practice such as acupuncture and herbal medicine face certain challenges due to the nature of thinking in TEAM and the subjective basis of judgments made in practice. The TEAM-based diagnosis can take into account various findings and signs such as the appearance of the tongue, palpable qualities of the radial pulses, palpable qualities and findings on the abdomen, the complexion of the patient and so on. Both diagnostic findings and the patterns of diagnosis cannot be assumed to have objective bases or to be causally related to the complaints of the patient. However, the diagnoses of TEAM based acupuncture and herbal medicine have tended to look at pictures of the whole patient and rather than focus on a particular symptom, they have looked across a myriad of signs and symptoms to decide or identify the ＇pattern＇ of diagnosis according to the theory in question. Although open for selective and subjective biases each diagnosis pattern always comes with a prescribed treatment tailored to the pattern. Further, the same research requirements needed for the validation of the diagnoses are needed also for these clinical observations and judgments. Hence, it is necessary, albeit challenging for research on TEAM diagnoses to first address these issues before proceeding to more complex investigations such as the development of instruments for making diagnostic observations, instruments for forming diagnostic conclusions or studies investigating the physiological bases of the diagnostic patterns. Preliminary work has started and instruments have been made, but we suggest that any instrumentation must necessarily be first validated by matching of the calibrated or scaled observations or judgments to observations made and agreed upon by relevant experts. Reliability of all observations and judgments are needed before any other tool, technology or more advanced approach can proceed and also whenever the natural system of dia

关键词： research diagnosis diagnostic methods pattern identification reliability traditional East Asian medical systems

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