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Mountain pastures and Grasslands in the SW Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan-Floristic Patterns,Environmental Gradients,Phytogeography,and Grazing Impact

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第3期8卷 363-373页

作者： BORCHARDT Peter SCHICKHOFF Udo SCHEITWEILER Sabrina KULIKOV Maksim University of Hamburg Institute of Geography

Vast grasslands are found in the walnut-fruit forest region of southern Kyrgyzstan,Middle *** above the worldwide unique walnutfruit forests and used for grazing,they play a pivotal role in the mixed mountain agriculture of local ***,these pastures are subject to an increasing utilization pressure reflecting the changing political and social conditions in the transformation process from a Soviet republic to an independent state.A first detailed analysis of mountain pasture vegetation in the Ferghana Range answers the following questions:What are the main plant community types among Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures? What are the main environmental gradients that shape their species composition? Which phytogeographical distribution types are predominant? How does grazing affect community composition and species richness in these grasslands? Species composition was classified by cluster analysis;underlying environmental gradients were explored using DCA.A dataset of 395 relevés was used for classification,and a subset of 79 relevés was used in a DCA to analyze the correlation between vegetation,environment,and grazing *** investigated pastures were classified into four distinctive plant *** site factors altitude,heat load,inclination and grazing impact were found to be the major determinants of the vegetation pattern.A significant overlap between floristic composition and structural and spatial properties was *** majority of the species pool consisted of Middle Asian endemics and Eurosiberian ***,disturbance-tolerant species played a significant role with respect to species composition and coverage of the herbaceous layer in vast areas of southern Kyrgyzstan's mountain *** general,an intense grazing impact is clearly reflected by both species composition and structural variables of plant *** highly diverse and unique ecosystem is modified by an increasing utilization *** order to ma

关键词： Central Asia Classification Endemics Gradient Analysis Grazing impact Middle Asia pasture management Ruderals Transformation Process Walnut-fruit forest.

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Satellite remote sensing of grasslands:from observation to management

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 649-671页

作者： Iftikhar Ali Fiona Cawkwell Edward Dwyer Brian Barrett Stuart Green Department of Geography University College CorkCorkIreland Spatial Analysis Unit TeagascDublinIreland EurOcean-European Centre for Information on Marine Science and Technology LisbonPortugal School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgowUK

Aims Grasslands are the world’s most extensive terrestrial ecosystem,and are a major feed source for *** increasing demand for meat and other dairy products in a sustainable manner is a big *** a field scale,Global Positioning System and ground-based sensor technologies provide promising tools for grassland and herd management with high *** the growth in availability of spaceborne remote sensing data,it is therefore important to revisit the relevant methods and applications that can exploit this *** this article,we have reviewed the(i)current status of grassland monitoring/observation methods and applications based on satellite remote sensing data,(ii)the technological and methodological developments to retrieve different grassland biophysical parameters and management characteristics(***,grazing intensity)and(iii)identified the key remaining challenges and some new upcoming trends for future *** Findings The retrieval of grassland biophysical parameters have evolved in recent years from classical regression analysis to more complex,efficient and robust modeling approaches,driven by satellite data,and are likely to continue to be the most robust method for deriving grassland information,however these require more high quality calibration and validation *** found that the hypertemporal satellite data are widely used for time series generation,and particularly to overcome cloud contamination issues,but the current low spatial resolution of these instruments precludes their use for field-scale application in many *** trend may change with the current rise in launch of satellite constellations,such as RapidEye,Sentinel-2 and even the microsatellites such as those operated by Skybox *** imagery has not been widely used for grassland applications,and a better understanding of the backscatter behaviour from different phenological stages is needed for more reliable products i

关键词： remote sensing agricultural grassland grassland biomass pasture management grazing intensity

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