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Severity and injury characteristics among matched hospitalized motorcycle drivers and their passengers

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第4期22卷 223-227页

作者： Mahnaz Yadollahi Babak Jamali Trauma Research Center Shahid Rajaee Trauma Hospital Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran

Purpose: After car accident, motorcycle accident ranks as the second leading cause of traffic fatality in Iran. This study aimed to compare the severity and clinical presentations between drivers and passengers under the same injury circumstance. Methods: This study was conducted in the trauma center of Shiraz, Iran in 2017. Data on demographics, triage level, blood pressure, respiratory rate, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), injured body region, injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), and result of accident were compared between pairs of Keywords: Injuries Motorcycle driver passenger drivers and passengers. The agreement of any type of injury between drivers and passengers evaluated by Kappa test. Results: This study included 143 matched pairs of drivers and passengers. Most of the pairs (84.5%) did not use helmet and 77.2% of the riders do not have driving license. ISS was significantly higher in drivers than passengers. In the unmatched pairs, drivers and passengers showed no difference in sustaining injuries in the face, head & neck, chest and soft tissue, but drivers were found more likely to suffer from injuries in the abdomen, extremities, pelvis and spine than passengers. Once one part of the matched pair suffered injury in the head & neck, face, chest, abdomen, extremities and soft tissue & skin injury, the probability that the other part had an injury in the same region was 50%, 9%, 13%, 7%, 22% and 34% respectively. Kappa value for these body regions was 0.006, 0.009,-0.006, 0.068, 0.063 and 0.001, respectively, which was significant in abdomen and extremities. Conclusion: Although drivers had higher level of injury severity and some different injury distributions, we recommend equal treatment to drivers and passengers. We also recommend related authorities to develop policies on helmet use, driving license and third-party insurance.

关键词： Injuries Motorcycle driver passenger

Crowdedness estimation approach based on stereovision for bus passengers

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Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition) 2010年第1期14卷 17-23页

作者：朱秋煜江毅凭邓伟俊唐利 School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai Transportation Investment Information Technology Company Limited

An estimation approach is proposed in this paper based on the binocular stereovision to collect the degree of crowdedness in public transports. The proposed method combines the disparity with frame differences to extract the foreground object. An adaptive window normalized cross correlation （NCC） matching and interpolated method is applied to get the sub-pixel image disparity value. Then, the foreground object is projected to the horizontal plane to eliminate the influence of the occlusion and perspective effect. Finally the degree of crowdedness is calculated from the area and the perimeter of the foreground objects. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain good estimation results in the simulated scenes in the laboratory and on parking or moving buses. This approach is effective to illumination changes, shadows and occlusion of passengers.

关键词： passenger degree of crowdedness binocular stereovision disparity foreground object detection

Evacuated tube transport technologies (ET3)^(tm):a maximum value global transportation network for passengers and cargo

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2011年第1期19卷 42-50页

作者： Daryl OSTER Masayuki KUMADA Yaoping ZHANG ET3. COM INC. Crystal River Florida 34423-1423 USA Feynman Co. Ltd. 4-5-11 Azuma Tsukuba 305-0031 Japan Institute of Evacuated Tube Transportation Xijing University Xi ＇an 710123 China

Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies （ET3） offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency, speed, cost, and effectiveness. An ET3 network may be optimized to sustainably displace most global transportation by car, ship, truck, train, and jet aircraft. To do this, ET3 standards should adhere to certain key principals： maximum value through efficiency, reliability, and simplicity; equal consideration for passenger and cargo loads; optimum size; high speed/high frequency operation; demand oriented; random accessibility; scalability; high granularity; automated control; full speed passive switching; open standards of implementation; and maximum use of existing capacities, materials, and processes.

关键词： evacuated tube transport energy-savings high speed cargo passenger optimization global network

Is Didi’s Ban on passengers The Right Answer?

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Beijing Review 2019年第47期62卷 46-47页

In May 2018,Didi Chuxing the Chinese ridehailing service company,suspended its hitch carpooling service from 10 *** 6 *** part of its response to the murder of a woman *** November 6,Didi announced that it would resume this service,but in order to ensure the safety of women passengers,it would ban women from using the service after 8 p.m.

关键词： service resume passenger

An Algorithm for the Optimal Matching Speeds of Pass enger and Freight Trains in Mixed Operations

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Journal of Modern Transportation 1999年第1期16卷 96-101页

作者：刘澜 School of Transportation Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China

This paper models the calculation of the optimal matching speeds of passenger and freight trains with various stage control methods for speed in mixed operations, presents a algorithm for the solution and justifies ... 详细信息

关键词： matching speeds passenger trains freight trains models algorithm

The Power of China's Railways

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Beijing Review 2024年第7期67卷 48-48页

作者： Vladimir Krotov East China Normal University in Shanghai

China is the world's third largest country by total land area,so the development of railways is a key issue in passenger and freight ***,the Chinese railway network is one of the largest in the world and railway infra... 详细信息

关键词： railway continue passenger

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轿车尾流移测试验研究

兵工学报 2000年第1期21卷 57-60页

作者：张群锋王望予傅立敏蔡国华吉林工业大学吉林长春130025 北京空气动力研究所

轿车的尾流结构与其空气阻力、升力与安全性有密切联系 ,为进一步研究轿车尾流结构及验证尾流场数值模拟结果的精确性提供依据 ,需通过试验得到较为全面地反映尾流结构的定量信息。为此 ,进行了红旗CA774轿车 1 10模型的七孔探针尾流移... 详细信息

轿车的尾流结构与其空气阻力、升力与安全性有密切联系 ,为进一步研究轿车尾流结构及验证尾流场数值模拟结果的精确性提供依据 ,需通过试验得到较为全面地反映尾流结构的定量信息。为此 ,进行了红旗CA774轿车 1 10模型的七孔探针尾流移测试验。

关键词：尾流结构尾流移测七孔探针 A WAKE TRAVERSE SURVEY ON passenger CARS Zhang Qunfeng Wang Wangyu Fu Limin

Train Vehicle Structure Design from the Perspective of Evacuation

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2019年第5期32卷 157-169页

作者： Hanzhao Qiu Weining Fang State Key Lab of Rail Traffic Control&Safety Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

The safety of trains,a highly efficient mode of transportation,has attracted significant *** the vehicle structure design of a train,the evaluation of the passenger evacuation time is *** establishment of a simulation model is the fastest,most convenient,and practical way to achieve this ***,few scholars have focused on the reliability of a passenger train evacuation simulation *** paper proposes a new validation method based on dynamic time warping and multidimensional *** proposed method validates the dynamic process of a simulation model,provides statistical results,and can be used for small-sample scenarios such as a train evacuation *** results of a case study indicate that the proposed method is an effective and quantitative approach to the validation of simulation models in a dynamic ***,this paper describes the influence of the train structure size on an evacuation based on the results of simulation *** structural size factors include the door width,aisle width,and seat *** experiment results indicate that a wide aisle and reasonable seat pitch can promote a proper *** addition,a normal train door width has no effect on an evacuation.

关键词： Simulation passenger train evacuation Structural size Validation

High-Speed EMUs:Characteristics of Technological Development and Trends

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Engineering 2020年第3期6卷 234-244页

作者： Hongwei Zhao Jianying Liang Changqing Liu China Academy of Railway Sciences Co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266111China CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd.Changchun 130052China

1.A worldwide history of high-speed trains High-speed railway(HSR)is defined by the International Union of Railways(UIC)as new lines with design speeds above 250 kmh1 and upgraded existing lines with speeds of up to 200 kmh1[1].In China,HSR is defined as new passenger-dedicated lines designed for electric multiple unit(EMU)trains running at a speed of 250 kmh1 or above(actual or reserved),with an initial operation speed not lower than 200 kmh1[2].The worldwide development of HSRs and high-speed EMUs can be roughly divided into three stages:initial operation,line platform expansion,and rapid development.

关键词： development. railway passenger