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New partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 680-685页

作者： Adrian Bucher Andrew Collins Ben Heaven Taylor David Pan Emma Visman James Norris Joel CGill John Rees Mark Felling Marta Tufet Bayona Sonia Cassidy Virginia Murray UK Collaborative on Development Research London NW12BEUK Disaster and Development Network(DDN) Department of Geography and Environmental SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE18STUK Evidence Aid AbingdonOxfordshire OX135DBUK Global Health Medical Research Council SwindonSwindon SN21FLUK Department of Geography King's College LondonLondon WC2B 4BGUK VNG Consulting Limited Kent TN248DHUK Ordnance Survey Southampton SO16 OASUK Global Geoscience British Geological SurveyKeyworth NG125GGUK Earth Hazards and Observatories British Geological SurveyNottingham NG123ENUK ALLFED LondonUK Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK

partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular pressures.In November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda.Participants were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder them.From the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared objectives.Enhanced approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.

关键词： 2030 Agenda for sustainable development Disaster risk reduction DRG Inter national development partnerships Research fun ding

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The power of the public purse: financing of global health partnerships and acienda setting for sustainability

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2018年第3期16卷 186-196页

作者： Liliana B.Andonova Department of International Relations and Political Science Center for International Environmental Studies Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Public-private partnerships(PPPs) have reshaped the institutional structure of global governance.They have advanced collaboration on core issues such as health, clean energy, the rights of women and children, and access to infrastructure, among others. But which actors create and finance public-private partnerships in global governance to advance such objectives? What are the implications of the agency behind such collaboration for influencing the global agenda on sustainable development? While some scholars and advocacy groups see the growing role of private actors as a powershift away from public institutions, others argue that such arrangements tend to be complementary to public mandates and indeed may provide a new means for international institutions to pursue such mandates. The article probes this debate by analyzing the type of actors that finance global health partnerships, an area in which the influence of hybrid initiatives is particularly prominent. It reveals that public financing remains a core and necessary condition for the emergence and functioning of PPPs. The growing share of private financing,nonetheless, has important implications for shaping partnerships agendas and steering global health and sustainability governance. Rather than a powershift or abdication of responsibilities by the state, there is rather a tendency of deliberate diffusion of power by donors toward hybrid structures.

关键词： Public-private partnerships power global governance health sustainable development SDGs donor financing public financing global public goods club governance

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Multiple partnerships and risk for HIV among the Garífuna minority population in Belize

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Health 2012年第8期4卷 474-482页

作者： Justin Buszin Benjamin Nieto-Andrade Jorge Rivas Kim Longfield Pan American Social Marketing Organization Guatemala City Guatemala Research and Metrics Department Population Services International Washington DC USA

Belize has the highest rates of HIV infection in Central America and is experiencing a generalized epidemic. The Garífuna, a minority ethnic population, is at risk for HIV. This study uses survey data from Garífuna men and women to examine the frequency of multiple partnerships as well as sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral constructs correlated with having multiple partners. A high proportion of respondents reported having multiple partners, but rates were significantly higher for men, and men had a higher mean number of partners than women. A high proportion of respondents reported having a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the last year, with more men reporting a history of STIs than women. Regression results show the importance of improving men and women’s perceived susceptibility for HIV and encouraging them to know their HIV status. Reinforcing a social norm for partner reduction would also benefit men. Study findings support the need for HIV counseling and testing in Garífuna communities as well as STI prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This study demonstrates that reducing multiple partnerships among Garífuna men and women is critical for reducing the spread of HIV in Belize.

关键词： Garífuna Belize Multiple partnerships HIV STI

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The 4th World Landslide Forum: Landslide Research and Risk Reduction for Advancing the Culture of Living with Natural Hazards

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 498-502页

作者： Irasema Alcntara-Ayala Kyoji Sassa Matjaz Miko Quinli Han Jakob Rhyner Kaoru Takara Satoru Nishikawa Badaoui Rouhban Slvano Briceo Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) International Consortium on Landslides Kyoto University Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering University of Ljubljana International Consortium on Landslides IPL Global Promotion Committee Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) United Nations University Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) Kyoto University Japan Center for Area Development Research International Programme on Landslides Science Committee Integrated Research on Disaster Risk(IRDR)

The World Landslide Forum is a triennial mainstream conference that gathers together the scientific and technological community, policymakers, industry actors, public officials, and other stakeholders, who deal with the understanding and management of landslide disaster risk. The establishment of the ISDR-ICL Sendai partnerships 2015–2025 for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk in Sendai during the 2015 World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction(WCDRR) enabled the landslide science and technology community support the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 in order to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk.The 4th World Landslide Forum(WLF4) was held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, from 29 May to 2 June 2017 and discussed the progress of landslide research and risk reduction for advancing the culture of living with natural hazards. A high-level panel composed of United Nations officials, international stakeholders, and national organizations sought to identify the best mechanisms to be developed by the community of the International Consortium on Landslides(ICL). The objective was to advance the implementation of the ISDR-ICL Sendai partnerships,to achieve a better commitment among partners, and to provide substantive services to developing countries. During the WLF4, the 2017 Ljubljana Declaration on Landslide Risk Reduction was adopted and the concept framework of the Kyoto 2020 Commitment was endorsed.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Kyoto Commitment Landslide risk assessment Ljubljana Declaration Sendai partnerships

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Dispute Resolution Mechanisms of PPP Agreements in China:A Research Based on Judicial Decisions

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第3期14卷 360-386页

作者：喻文光 School of Law Renmin University of China Law and Technology Institute Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

Based on research on a number of judicial decisions regarding concession and Public-Private Partnership(PPP)agreements,this paper demonstrates the problems and dilemmas of China's current PPP dispute resolution mechanism and clarifies three fundamental issues:concessiont^PPP;concession agreement工administrative agreement;and disputes related to administrative agreements administrative disputes.On the grounds of these conclusions,the paper argues that the logical chain of China's existing PPP and concession dispute resolution mechanism is untenable.The logic of the current mechanism starts from the definition of an administrative agreement;it then classifies concession agreement as administrative agreement;and finally subjects the disputes over concession agreements to administrative litigation.Yet,this starting point is problematic because the definition of administrative agreement and the distinction between public and private law attributes are difficult to determine precisely,as they lack the necessary theoretical clarity and uniqueness.Overall,the current legal situation of PPP in China is far from being satisfactory because a statutory law on PPP is absent,the existing laws and regulations on administrative agreements are primitive,and the judicial practice has not yet established unified and clear criteria.Against this backdrop,this paper proposes a possible way out.First,we should critically reflect on the current administrative agreement and PPP agreement theory.Then,we should apply the method of legal fact research,adopt doctrinal tools of the legal relationship theory and contract construction theory,and eventually establish a multiple dispute resolution mechanism to resolve disputes effectively.

关键词： public-private partnerships PPPs concession agreements administrative agreement dispute resolution mechanism legal relationship theory

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The Government's Regulatory Obligations to Public Utilities Franchise

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第3期14卷 335-359页

作者：高俊杰 School of Law Peking UniversityBeijingChina School of Law Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Under the public utilities franchise system,the executive branch may transfer the task of providing public utilities services for the common good to a private party.It should undertake to regulate and prevent the private party from pursuing its own interests to the detriment of public interest while discharging its duty under the public utilities franchise.Since any public interest must be enjoyed by all individuals,we can say that the obligations owed under administrative regulations aim at the ultimate goal of increasing individual welfare.In the public utilities franchise system,regulations of this kind can be divided into six different categories:maintaining and promoting necessary market competition,ensuring the continuity of public utilities services,ensuring non-discriminatory provision of public utilities services,ensuring the quality of public utilities services,ensuring reasonable charges for public utilities services,and ensuring the conservation of energy and protection of the environment while providing public utilities services.The absence of governmental regulation of the provision of public utilities and of reforms in such services in China has harmed both public interest and the rights and interests of consumers.Some of the problems caused include chaotic market access for public utilities,no guarantee of the sustainability of public utilities,the failure of the universality of public utilities,declining quality of public utilities,sharp rise in the prices of public utilities,insufficient regulations on the conservation of energy and environmental protection,and so on.In order to achieve the effective implementation of the administrative regulations and obligations therein with respect to public utilities and the maximization of public interest,the Chinese government should enhance its consciousness of regulating public utilities,improve the legal system to regulate public utilities,perfect the regulatory system for public utilities,and establish a system of liability to compensate for failures i

关键词： public utility franchise administrative regulation public interest publicprivate partnerships PPPs

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Green Light for PPP on German Motorways?

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第3期14卷 311-334页

作者： Hartmut Bauer Michael Meier Augsburg University AugsburgGermany Faculty of Law Potsdam UniversityPotsdam 14482Germany LL.B. Bucerius Law SchoolHamburgGermany

While public-private partnerships(PPPs)have surged worldwide since the 1990s,they have been met with growing skepticism during the last years.A recent revision of Germany's constitutional rules on motorway construction and observations on the use of PPPs published by both the German and the European Courts of Auditors illustrate this new caution.These two examples fit into a general trend towards a revival of the public sector,which can be summarized under the cross-level umbrella term"publicization."It would,however,be remiss to replace the uncritical euphoria that once surrounded privatization with a similarly undifferentiated euphoria regarding publicization.Rather,it is crucial to identify the most appropriate solution for the fulfilment of each public task from the"toolbox"of publicization on the one hand and privatization on the other hand in order to ensure the most effective completion of public functions.

关键词： publicization remunicipalization recommunalization nationalization renationalization public-private partnerships PPPs privatization motorways infrastructure construction toll economic efficiency court of auditors debt ceiling economic impact analysis

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Disclosure, Multiple Sex Partners, and Consistent Condom Use among HIV Positive Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第1期4卷 62-73页

作者： Sphiwe Madiba Beverley Letsoalo Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Limpopo Medunsa Campus Mankweng South Africa

Inconsistent condom use among persons on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a major public health concern because of the risk of HIV transmission. This study examined the association between socio-demographic variables and knowing partners’ HIV status, multiple sex partners, and consistent condom use among 400 HIV-infected adults who had received ART for at least six months in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study used a cross-sectional survey and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Over half (n = 225, 56.3%) of participants were on ART for more than two years. Two thirds (n = 234, 63.2%) were aware of partner’s HIV status. Over a third (n = 136, 34.0%) reported having more than one sex partners. Three quarters (n = 279, 75.8%) reported consistent condom use with regular partner. Discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.28, CI: 1.31 -3.95), awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 2.59, CI: 1.50 -4.46), level of education (aOR = 0.64, CI: 0.42 -0.98), and duration on ART (aOR = 0.71, CI: 1.31 -3.95) were predictors for consistent condom use. Awareness of partner’s HIV status was associated with multiple partnership (aOR = 0.38, CI: 0.21 -0.66), living with partner (aOR = 4.75, CI: 2.86 -7.91), discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.43, CI: 1.48 -3.99), and duration on ART (aOR = 2.04, CI: 1.43 -2.92). While gender (aOR = 5.68, CI: 3.46 -9.34), marital status (aOR = 0.44, CI: 0.25 -0.77), and awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 0.52, CI: 0.30 -0.89) were associated with multiple partnerships. Risky sexual behaviours occurred in all types of partners and knowing partner’s HIV status was a predictor for consistent condom use with all types of partners. It is essential that HIV prevention strategies create an enabling environment for disclosure and reductions of risky sexual behaviours by HIV-infected persons on ART.

关键词： Sexual Risk Behaviour Condom Use ART South Africa Partner’s Status Multiple partnerships HIV Testing

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Women's Language or Powerless Language:A Study of Couples' Talk

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海外英语 2011年第5X期 238-242页

作者：许维扬山东建筑大学外国语学院山东济南250101

The purpose of this essay is to study whether the linguistic behaviour of adult women using hedging and tags as indicative of an intrinsically tentative gender identity or of the effects of male dominant position through analyzing daily conversations of the heterosexual couples.The small scale study employs the methodology,namely,recording spontaneous and natural spoken conversation from authentic interaction with the permission of the ten male-female couples.Digital record pen with an omnidirectional microphone are placed in the central living area of each couple's home.Then discourse analysis provides data making it possible to support Fishman's claim that women use tag questions and 'you know' not because women are not being really sure of themselves,or are looking to the addressee for confirmation,but because men in a dominant position often refuse to take responsibility for the smooth conduct of interpersonal relations,women use tag questions and 'you know' to elicit and maintain conversations.

关键词： powerless language men’s dominance women’s language gender heterosexual domestic partnerships interpersonal relations

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CHINA’S COUNTRY IDENTITY AND BUILDING A NEW MODE OF RELATIONSHIP WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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Contemporary World 2019年第2期 4-7页

作者： ZHONG FEITENG National Institute of International Strategy Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

For a long time, China has adhered to the identity of a developing country and made strengthening solidarity and cooperation with developing countries an important part of its foreign policy. Since the late 1990s, China’s relations with developing countries have become increasingly diverse and added many new elements. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China used partnerships to guide China to build positive relations with various types of countries and stressed that China has expanded the way for developing countries to modernize.

关键词： developing countries partnerships modernize

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