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On the principles of parsimony and Self-consistency for the emergence of intelligence

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第9期23卷 1298-1323页

作者： Yi MA Doris TSAO Heung-Yeung SHUM Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Molecular&Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA International Digital Economy Academy Shenzhen518045China

Ten years into the revival of deep networks and artificial intelligence,we propose a theoretical framework that sheds light on understanding deep networks within a bigger picture of intelligence in *** introduce two fundamental principles,parsimony and Self-consistency,which address two fundamental questions regarding intelligence:what to learn and how to learn,*** believe the two principles serve as the cornerstone for the emergence of intelligence,artificial or *** they have rich classical roots,we argue that they can be stated anew in entirely measurable and computable *** specifically,the two principles lead to an effective and efficient computational framework,compressive closed-loop transcription,which unifies and explains the evolution of modern deep networks and most practices of artificial *** we use mainly visual data modeling as an example,we believe the two principles will unify understanding of broad families of autonomous intelligent systems and provide a framework for understanding the brain.

关键词： Intelligence parsimony Self-consistency Rate reduction Deep networks Closed-loop transcription

Phylogenetic placement of Cynomorium in Rosales inferred from sequences of the inverted repeat region of the chloroplast genome

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第4期47卷 297-304页

作者： ~(1,2)Zhi-Hong ZHANG ~3Chun-Qi LI ~2Jianhua LI~* 1(School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China) 2(Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University,Cambridge,MA 02138,USA) 3(College of Life Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China) (School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China) (Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA) (College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China)

Cynomorium is a herbaceous holoparasite that has been placed in Santalales,Saxifragales,Myrtales, or *** inverted repeat(IR)region of the chloroplast genome region is slow evolving and,unlike mitochondrial genes,the chloroplast genome experiences few horizontal gene transfers between the host and parasite. Thus,in the present study,we used sequences of the IR region to test the phylogenetic placements of Cynomorium. Phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast IR sequences generated largely congruent ordinal relationships with those from previous studies of angiosperm phylogeny based on single or multiple *** was closely related to Caryophyllales and *** formed a clade where Peridiscus was sister to the remainder of the order, whereas Paeonia was sister to the woody clade of *** is not closely related to Santalales, Saxifragales,Myrtales,or Sapindales;instead,it is included in Rosales and sister to *** various placements of the holoparasite on the basis of different regions of the mitochondrial genome may indicate the heterogeneous nature of the genome in the ***,it is unlikely that the placement of Cynomorium in Rosales is the result of chloroplast gene transfer because Cynomorium does not parasitize on rosaceous plants and there is no chloroplast gene transfer between Cynomorium and Nitraria,a confirmed host of Cynomorium and a member of Sapindales.

关键词： Bayesian analyses chloroplast inverted repeat Cynomorium holoparasite maximum likelihood parsimony Rosales.

Science writing in the real world

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第1期16卷 4-11页

作者： Mike Mentis Business & the environment Postnet Suite 10102Private Bag X70053650 HillcrestSouth Africa

The objective of this contribution is to consider guides to technical *** the professional writes what he does and does what he writes,guides to how you execute the one relate to how you perform the other,so this article is about more than just *** there is need for idiosyncrasy and individualism,there are some *** must have an explicit purpose stated at the *** their nature,documents in the applied sciences and business address real-world problems,but elsewhere activity may be laissez faire for which the cost-effectiveness in yielding innovations is contestable.A hallmark of written science and technology is that every statement is capable of being tested and capable of being shown to be wrong,and that methods yield repeatable *** should be observed in requiring authoritative referencing for every notion,partly because of the unsatisfying infinite regress in searching for ultimate sources,and partly to avoid squashing *** is not only the content of messages that matters,but reliability *** theory must be built into design to assure that strong inference can be drawn from ***,business and infrastructure projects must substitute the frequent optimistic ’everything goes according to plan’(EGAP) with a more realistic ’most likely development’(MLD) and the risks of even that not happening.A cornerstone of science and technology is *** description,experiment,explanation,hypothesis,idea,instrument,machine,method,model,prediction,statement,technique,test or theory should be more elaborate than necessary to satisfy its ***- the capacity to survive and benefit from shocks- must be designed into project and organizational structure and function by manipulating such factors as complexity and interdependent to evade failure in a turbulent and unpredictable *** role of writing is to integrate these issues,and communicate them so that the stakeholders share a vis

关键词： Antifragility Method parsimony Problem Purpose Reliability Testability Writing

Phylogenetic Analysis of RhoGAP Domain-Containing Proteins

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2006年第3期4卷 182-188页

作者： Marcelo M. Brando Karina L. Silva-Brando Fernando F. Costa Sara T.O. Saad Hematology and Hemotherapy Center State University of Campinas 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil Department of Zoology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil.

Proteins containing an Rho GTPase-activating protein （RhoGAP） domain work as molecular switches involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions. The ability of these GTPases to regulate a wide number of cellular processes comes from their interactions with multiple effectors and inhibitors, including the RhoGAP family, which stimulates their intrinsic GTPase activity. Here, a phylogenetic approach was applied to study the evolutionary relationship among 59 RhoGAP domain-containing proteins. The sequences were aligned by their RhoGAP domains and the phylogenetic hypotheses were generated using Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses. The character tracing of two traits, GTPase activity and presence of other domains, indicated a significant phylogenetic signal for both of them.

关键词： Bayesian analysis character tracing parsimony phylogenomics protein domain,RhoGAP

Qualification of Three Analytical Wake Models

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2016年第4期6卷 205-211页

作者： Naima Charhouni Mohammed Sallaou Abdelaziz Arbaoui Mechanics and Integrated Engineering (M2I) department Moulay Ismail University ENSAM Meknes BP 4024 Morocco

The decrease of wind velocity （wake losses） in downstream area of wind turbine is generally quantified using wake models. The overall estimated power of wind farm varies according to reliability of wake model used, however it＇s unclear which model is most appropriate and able to give a high performance in predicting wind velocity deficit. In this subject, a qualification of three analytical wake models （Jensen, lshihara and Frandsen） based on three principal criteria is presented in this paper：（i） the parsimony which characterizes the inverse of model complexity, （ii） the accuracy of estimation in which wake model is compared with the experimental data and （iii） imprecision that is related to assumptions and uncertainty on the value of variables considered in each model. This qualitative analysis shows the inability of wake models to predict wind velocity deficit due to the big uncertainty of variables considered and it sensitivity to wind farm characteristic.

关键词： Wind farm wind turbine wake models parsimony accuracy imprecision.