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动物分类学报:英文版 2023年第3期48卷 264-276页

作者： Huihui Liu Liangming Cao Xiaoyi Wang Xuebing Xin Yingxia Bao Zhongqi Yang Experimental Center of Forestry in North China CAF/National Permanent Scientific Research Base for Warm Temperate Zone Forestry of Jiulong Mountain in BeijingBeijing 102300China Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of Forestry&Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing 100091China Wujiaofeng Nature Reserve of Horqinyouyizhongqi Xing'an LeagueInner Mongolia 137400China

Two new species of Eurytoma,E.truncatumi Yang,Liu&Cao,sp.***.and E.acutibialis Yang,Liu&Cao,sp.nov.,are described and illustrated,as the solitary larval and pupal ectoparasitoid of Bradybatus sp.(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),a serious pest of purpleblow maple,Acer truncatum Bunge(Aceraceae).Photographs of the characters of the new species were provided.Typical materials were deposited in Insect Museum,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing.The biological characters observed and their biocontrol potential were also discussed.

关键词： Eurytoma seed-eater parasitoids biological control Acer truncatum

Inventory of Host Plants and parasitoids of the Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Niger

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第1期12卷 16-27页

作者： Ousmane Zakari Moussa Souleymane Laminou Hamissou Zangui Laouali Amadou Ibrahim Baoua Boukari Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Agronomy and Environmental Sciences Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Laboratoire d’Entomologie II de Maradi Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger Maradi Niger

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a polyphagous pest reported in sub-Saharan Africa since 2016 and has expanded rapidly in almost Africa. In Niger, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is considered like a major pest of maize, to which it causes significant damage, in a context where proven control methods against this moth remain almost non-existent. The objective of the present study was to determine the economic importance of FAW through the damage caused to the different host plants and to identify the parasitoids of this caterpillar. The study was conducted in the southern agricultural zone of Niger, specifically in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder. FAW eggs and caterpillars were collected from six villages in each region and then incubated and reared in the entomology laboratory of INRAN in Maradi. The rate of infestation of the different crops by FAW was determined as well as the observation of the beneficiaries. The results obtained indicate the presence of FAW on millet with an attack rate varying from 45.7% to 68%, sorghum with 47.2% to 62.25% and sesame with 9.7%. This work also revealed an oophagous parasitoid, Telenomus remus with 138 ± 23 and larval parasitoids, Cotesia sp with 16 ± 1 maximum number of individuals emerged from the collected material. Also, it was identified the parasitoid Cotesia icipe with a rate of parasitism from 4.6% to 5.75%;the Charops ater whose rate of parasitism varies from 4.5% and 12.25% but for Chelonus insularis with 17.25% and Tachnidae with 53%. These very interesting results will constitute a basis for the development of biological control and a component of an agroecological management strategy of caterpillar.

关键词： Inventory Host Plants Spodoptera frugiperda parasitoids Niger

Bacterial volatiles elicit differential olfactory responses in insect species from the same and different trophic levels

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Insect Science 2023年第5期30卷 1464-1480页

作者： Francine Antoinette Cornelus van Neerbos Peter Dewitte Felix Wäckers Tom Wenseleers Hans Jacquemyn Bart Lievens CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management(PME&BIM) Department M2SKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Leuven Plant Institute(LPI) KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution Biology DepartmentKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Biobest WesterloBelgium Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology DepartmentKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources.To locate their resources,insects use diverse stimuli,including olfactory,visual,acoustic,tactile and gustatory cues.While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects,there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted by microorganisms.However,to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs.In this study,we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels.Experiments were performed using two aphid species(Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var.nicotianae Blackman),three primary parasitoid species(Aphidius colemani Viereck,A.ervi Haliday,and A.matricariae Viereck),and two hyperparasitoid species(Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani).Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains(Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133,Curtobacterium sp.ST18.16/085,and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160)that were isolated from the habitat of the insects.Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles,but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels.All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds,but often in different relative concentrations.For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.Furthermore,olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.

关键词： aphids behavioral response hyperparasitoids parasitoids trophic chain

parasitoids of Agricultural Importance Collected at Atlantic Forest Biomes in Brazil:A Bibliographic Summary

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2021年第2期3卷 28-32页

作者： Marchiori,C H Instituto Federal Goiano Ciencias BiologicasGoianiaGoiasBrazil

Its ecological processes evolved from the eocene,when the continents were already relatively willing as they are today.Currently,the Atlantic Forest has only 7%of its original area.parasitoids are organisms that cause the death of their hosts to complete their development and act as parasites only in the larval stage,when they develop in only one host,with adults having a free life.The objective of the six studies was to verify the groups of parasitoids present in Atlantic Forest Biomes in Brazil with a bibliographic summary.The Hymenoptera Parasitica were collected in the Atlantic Forest biome from 2002 to 2021.

关键词： Insect parasitoids Host Malaise trap Moericke trap

Study on the parasitoids of Pissodes nitidus Roel

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Journal of Forestry Research 2000年第3期11卷 213-214页

作者：胡春祥李成德王志英 D.Langor 岳书奎刘宽余韩士杰东北林业大学黑龙江哈尔滨中科院应用生态所辽宁沈阳

A systematic observation and intensive study on the parasitoids of Pissodes nitidus were made in Langxiang and Xin’qing Forestry Bureau in Xiaoing’an Mountain area in 1996-1999, including the diagnosis, life history, biological characteristics of Eurytoma sp. and parasitoid complex of Pissodes nitidus. There were about 70 species of parasitoids on Pissodes nitidus, including Eurytomidae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae etc. Among them, Eulytoma sp. is a dominant species and a braconid, lpobracon sp. is a subdominant species, and they play an important role in controlling the pest.

关键词： Pissodes nitidus parasitoids Biological characteristics Eurytoma

Feeding of pea leafminer larvae simultaneously activates jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways in plants to release a terpenoid for indirect defense

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Insect Science 2021年第3期28卷 811-824页

作者： Jun-Nan Yang Jia-Ning Wei Le Kang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The pea leafminer,Liriomyza huidobrensis,is an important pest species affecting ornamental crops worldwide.Plant damage consists of oviposition and feeding punctures created by female adult flies as well as larva-bored mines in leaf mesophyll tissues.How plants indirectly defend themselves from these two types of leafminer damage has not been sufficiently investigated.In this study,we compared the indirect defense responses of bean plants infested by either female adults or larvae.Puncturing of leaves by adults released green leaf volatiles and terpenoids,while larval feeding caused plants to additionally emit methyl salicylate and(E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene(TMTT).Puncturing of plants by female adults induced increases in jasmonic acid(JA)and JA-related gene expressions but reduced the expressions of salicylic acid(SA)-related genes.In contrast,JA and SA and their-related gene expression levels were increased significantly by larval feeding.The exogenous application of JA+SA significantly triggered TMTT emission,thereby significantly inducing the orientation behavior of parasitoids.Our study has confirmed that larval feeding can trigger TMTT emission through the activation of both JA and SA pathways to attract parasitoids;however,TMTT alone is less attractive than the complete blend of volatiles released by infested plants.

关键词： jasmonic acid Liriomyza huidobrensis parasitoids salicylic acid TMTT

Dynamics of canopy-dwelling arthropods under different weed management options,including glyphosate,in conventional and genetically modified insect-resistant maize

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1121-1138页

作者： Esteban García-Ruiz Guillermo Cobos Ismael Sánchez-Ramos Susana Pascual María-Cristina Chueca María-Concepción Escorial Inés Santín-Montanyá Íñigo Loureiro Manuel González-Núñez Plant Protection Department Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)MadridSpain

The use of genetically modified varieties tolerant to herbicides(HT varieties)and resistant to insects(Bt varieties)in combination with application of a broad-spectrum herbicide such as glyphosate could be an effective option for the simultaneous control of weeds and pests in maize.Nevertheless,the possible impact of these tools on nontarget arthropods still needs to be evaluated.In a field study in central Spain,potential changes in populations of canopy-dwelling arthropods in Bt maize under different weed management options,including glyphosate application,were investigated.Canopy-dwelling arthropods were sampled by visual inspection and yellow sticky traps.The Bt variety had no effect on any group of studied arthropods,except for the expected case of corn borers—the target pests of Bt maize.Regarding the effects of herbicide regimes,the only observed difference was a lower abundance of Cicadellidae and Mymaridae on yellow sticky traps in plots not treated with pre-emergence herbicides.This effect was especially pronounced in a treatment involving two glyphosate applications.The decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populations was associated with a higher density of weeds in plots,which may have hindered colonization of the crop by leafhoppers.These differences,however,were only significant in the last year of the study.The low likelihood of the use of glyphosate-and herbicide-tolerant varieties for weed control triggering important effects on the nontarget arthropod fauna of the maize canopy is discussed.

关键词： Bt maize canopy-dwelling arthropods GMHT maize glyphosate herbicide management parasitoids

Does Bt maize expressing CrylAc protein have adverse effects on the parasitoid Macrocentrus cingulum （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）？

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 599-612页

作者： Zeng-Xia Wang Yun-He Li Kang-Lai He Shu-Xiong Bai Tian-Tao Zhang Wan-Zhi Cai Zhen-Ying Wang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests MOA - CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Beijing China Department of Entomology China Agriculture University Beijing China

The potential effects of insect-resistant, genetically engineered （GE） crops on non-target organisms, especially on predators and parasitoids, must be evaluated before their commercial cultivation. The effects of GE maize that produces CrylAc toxin on the parasitoid Macrocentrus cingulum were assessed by direct bioassay and indirect bioassay. In the indirect bioassay, parasitism rate, cocoon weight and the number of M. cingu- lure progeny produced per host were significantly reduced when M. cingulum-parasitized CrylAc-susceptible Ostriniafurnacalis were fed a diet containing purified CrylAc; how- ever, life-table parameters of M. cingulum were not adversely affected when the same assay was performed with Cry 1Ac-resistant （9. furnacalis. These results indicated that the detrimental effects detected with a CrylAc-susceptible host were mediated by poor host quality. In a direct bioassay, no difference in life-table parameters were detected when M. cingulum adults were directly fed a 20% honey solution with or without CrylAc; however, survival and longevity were significantly reduced when M. cingulum adults were fed a honey solution containing potassium arsenate, which was used as a positive control. The stability and bioactivity of CrylAc toxin in the food sources and CrylAc toxin uptake by the host insect and parasitoid were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sensitive-insect bioassays. Our results demonstrate that M. cingulum is not sensitive to CrylAc toxin at concentrations exceeding those encountered in Bacillus thuringiensis maize fields. This study also demonstrates the power of using resistant hosts when assess- ing the risk of genetically modified plants on non-target organisms and will be useful for assessing other non-target impacts.

关键词： CrylAc toxin ELISA environmental risk assessment non-target effects parasitoids prey/host quality-mediated effects

Effects of Aphidius gifuensis on the feeding behavior and potato virus Y transmission ability of Myzus persicae

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1025-1034页

作者： Ying-Qin He Yong-Qiang Zhang Juan-Ni Chen Wen-Long Chen Xian-Yi Zeng Hai-Tao Chen Wei Ding College of Plant Protection Southwest UniversityChongqingChina Guizhou Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Management for Mountain Agriculture Institute of EntomologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina Chongqing Institute of Tobacco Science ChongqingChina

The stylet penetration behavior of aphids when feeding on plants is associated with virus acquisition and inoculation.Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead)is a primary endoparasitoid of Myzuspersicae (Sulzer)which is the most efficient vector of plant viruses. Information about the effects ofparasitoid on aphid and virus transmission can provide an essential foundation for designing effective biological control strategies.This study aimed to investigate the effects ofA.gifuensis on the feeding behavior and potato virus Y (PVY) transmission ability of M.persicae.The results showed that after M.persicae was para-sitized by A.gifuensis,the duration of the first probe significantly decreased.Additionally, A.gifuensis exerted remarkable effects on aphid feeding in phloem ingestion.The contribution of the E1 waveform to the phloem phase was significantly higher in all parasitized aphids than in the control group.Although the time of infestation increased for parasitized aphids,the total duration of phloem sap ingestion decreased.Interestingly,the percentage of time M.persicae spent in the xylem and phloem phases only changed significantly on day 5.The percent transmission of PVY by the aphids parasitized on day 5 was lower than that in the control,but no significant differences were detected.The significance of this work is the demonstration that A.gifuensis can impede the feeding behavior of M.persicae,which sheds light on the biological basis ofA.gifuensis as a natural enemy, but unfortunately does not provide an immediate solution for disrupting the transmission of PVY.

关键词： Braconidae electrical penetration graphs feedingbehavior Myzuspersicae parasitoids virus transmission

Aphids as models for ecological and evolutionary studies

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 247-250页

作者： Xiao-Lei Huang Ge-Xia Qiao Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Aphids （Hemiptera： Aphididae） are a group of phloemfeeding insects numbering more than 5 000 extant species（Favret, 2014a）. Most species have complex life cycles that include both asexual （viviparous parthenogenesis）and sexual reproduction. They display a high degree of intraspecific polyphenism with multiple phenotypes froman identical genotype, and they have specialized associations with their host plants （Blackman ＆ Eastop, 2000）.Some aphid species are gall-makers and even have evolved sociality with division of labor （Aoki, 1977; Stern ＆Foster, 1996）. Many aphid species are agricultural and forestry pests. They incur damage to plants and carryvector plant viruses （Blackman ＆ Eastop, 2000）. Due to their fascinating biological character and economic importance, aphids have long been popular animals for research in basic and applied biology, and are becominguseful research models for studying important questions in ecology and evolution, especially in the genomic era（Brisson ＆ Stem, 2006; Huang ＆ Qiao, 2006; Srinivasan ＆ Brisson, 2012）.

关键词： MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME parasitoids SYMBIONTS PATTERNS GLYCINES DNA