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Advancing the Disaster and Development paradigm

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 486-495页

作者： Andrew E.Collins Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences /Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University

Consolidation of disaster and development studies as an integrated field of action research that influences policy has proved to be fundamental to global disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, climate change, and humanitarian agreements. However, challenges in achieving targets, such as those of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals, requires further advances of the disaster and development paradigm underpinning these aspirations. This article presents perspectives that grew primarily from local action research, particularly research carried out with marginalized and highly at-risk groups of people in Southern Africa and South Asia.Analytical fronts from these findings emphasize disaster and development risk assessment opportunities that consolidate earlier ideas and extend understanding of disaster and development-related risk intervention options. These acknowledge severe shortcomings in disaster risk reduction progress while including greater use of hope as an active ingredient. This process of paradigm exploration remains fundamental to achieving disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, and associated policy objectives. The analysis presented here reiterates earlier groundings in people-centric perspectives, emphasizing social relations and systems of meaning as essential active ingredients for challenging power structures, technology, education, and human behavior. The analysis proposes some consequent thematic fronts for increased investment. These includeinvesting in early buildup of well-being before a disaster,better living with uncertainty, and overcoming the barriers to desired disaster and development outcomes. The article is intended to contribute to an ever-evolving paradigm of disaster and development risk that requires impetus from personal and collective values beyond calculations of disaster and development.

关键词： Disaster and development paradigm Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk management Local action research

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Extraction of methane hydrate energy by carbon dioxide injection-key challenges and a paradigm shift

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第9期27卷 2044-2048页

作者： Peter Englezos Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia

Significant effort including field work has been devoted to develop a natural gas extraction technology from natural gas hydrate reservoirs through the injection of carbon dioxide. Natural gas hydrate is practically methane hydrate. The hypothesis is that carbon dioxide will be stored as hydrate owing to its favorable stability conditions compared to methane hydrate. Although the dynamics of the CO2/CH4 exchange process are not entirely understood it is established that the exchange process is feasible. The extent is limited but even if the CH4 recovery is optimized there is a need for a CH4/CO2 separation plant to enable a complete cyclic sequence of CO2 capture, injection and CH4 recovery. In this paper we propose an alternative paradigm to the Inject(CO2)/Exchange with(CH4)/Recover(CH4) one namely Recover(CH4) first and then Inject(CO2) for Storage.

关键词： Carbon dioxide hydrate Methane hydrate Carbon storage Carbon sequestration Energy paradigm shift

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A behavioral paradigm to study the persistence of reward memory extinction in Drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第12期46卷 599-601页

作者： Lingling Wang Qi Yang Binyan Lu Lianzhang Wang Yi Zhong Qian Li Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesIDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Drosophila has been proven to be a powerful animal model to study genetic mechanisms underlying different behaviors and diseases(Sokolowski,2001;Bier,2005).Extinction is a process that repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus without reinforcement results in decreased conditioned responses(Bouton,2004)and receives increasing attention for treating its related diseases such as post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and addiction(Milad and Quirk,2012;Milton and Everitt,2012).

关键词： behavioral paradigm study Drosophila

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Situation analytics—at the dawn of a new software engineering paradigm

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第5期61卷 5-18页

作者： Carl K.CHANG Department of Computer Science Iowa State University

In this paper, I first review the seminal work by Thomas Kuhn — The Structure of Scientific Revolutions — and elaborate my view on paradigm shifts in software engineering research and practice as it turns 50 years old in 2018. I then examine major undertakings of the computing profession since early days of modern computing, especially those done by the software engineering community as a whole. I also enumerate anomalies and crises that occurred at various stages, and the attempts to provide solutions by the software engineering professionals in the past five decades. After providing such a background, I direct readers’ attention toward emerging anomalies in software engineering, at a severity level that is causing another software engineering crisis, and suggest a set of criteria for feasible solutions. The main theme of this paper is to advocate that situation analytics, equipped with necessary definitions of essential concepts including situation and intention as parts of a new computational framework, can serve as the foundation for a new software engineering paradigm named the Situation-Centric paradigm. In this framework, situation is considered a new abstraction for computing and is clearly differentiated from the widely accepted existing abstractions, namely function and object. I argue that the software engineering professionals will inevitably move into this new paradigm, willingly or unwillingly, to empower Human-Embedded Computing(HEC) and End-User Embedded Computing(EUEC), much more than what they have done with traditional humancentered or user-centric computing altogether. In the end, I speculate that an ultimate agile method may be on the rise, and challenge readers to contemplate "what if" hundreds of thousands "end-user developers"emerge into the scene where the boundaries between end users and developers become much more blurred.

关键词： ultimate agile method context intention Internet of things paradigm situation software engineering human-embedded computing

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库恩对paradigm一词的使用、理解及其中文翻译

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自然辩证法通讯 2018年第9期40卷 113-120页

作者：王荣江南京财经大学马克思主义学院江苏南京210023

库恩在《科学革命的结构》中引入paradigm一词,试图通过对共有范例的习得、模仿的诠释来突显其背后不同于传统哲学依赖于方法论规则的另类认知模式。这种认知模式的功能既包括逻辑方面的也包括(更强调)社会和心理方面的,从而彰显了科学... 详细信息

库恩在《科学革命的结构》中引入paradigm一词,试图通过对共有范例的习得、模仿的诠释来突显其背后不同于传统哲学依赖于方法论规则的另类认知模式。这种认知模式的功能既包括逻辑方面的也包括(更强调)社会和心理方面的,从而彰显了科学家在实践活动中通过范例的模仿、习得、认知信念的确立等社会和心理方面的认知特征。库恩强调从共有范例的模仿、习得中确立paradigm的思维方式及其在(非严格规范的和作用有限的)逻辑规则和(主要是)心理信念两个方面的功能,以及paradigm概念本身所蕴含的整体性、可塑性和认知特征,使得我们最好把paradigm一词翻译为"范式"而不是"规范"或别的中文词。

关键词： paradigm 共有范例认知特征 “范式”

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A New paradigm for Simulating and Forecasting China's Economic Growth in the Medium and Long Term

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第1期32卷 64-78页

作者： SUN Dongqi LU Jiayi Key Laboratoty of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Taking the system philosophy of human-earth relationship as the theoretical axis,and under the three-dimensional goals of economic growth,social development,and protection of the ecological environment,this paper constructs the supporting system of China’s economic development.On this basis,guided by the basic principles of system theory and system dynamics,and combined with the theories of other related disciplines,we constructed an economic geography-system dynamics(EG-SD)integrated forecasting model to simulate and quantitatively forecast China’s economic growth in the medium and long term.China’s economic growth will be affected by quantifiable and unquantifiable factors.If the main unquantifiable factors are not taken into account in the simulation and prediction of China’s economic growth in the medium and long term,the accuracy and objectivity of the prediction results will be diminished.Therefore,based on situation analysis(Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,and Threats,SWOT),we combined scenario analysis with the Delphi method,and established a qualitative prediction simulation model(referred to as the S-D compound prediction model)to make up for the shortcomings associated with quantitative simulation predictions.EG-SD and S-D are organically combined to construct a simulation and prediction paradigm of China’s economic growth in the medium and long term.This paradigm not only realizes the integration of various forecasting methods and the combination of qualitative and quantitative measures,but also realizes the organic combination of unquantifiable and quantifiable elements by innovatively introducing fuzzy simulation of system dynamics,which renders the simulation and prediction results more objective and accurate.

关键词： economic growth simulation and prediction prediction model fuzzy simulation paradigm

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Chinese Educational Policy Research:The Arduous Formation of a Research paradigm

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ECNU Review of Education 2019年第4期2卷 544-560页

作者： Xiaoying Lin Graduate School of Education Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Purpose:Through combing the 40 years’history of the development of Chinese educational policy research,this article attempts to sort out the efforts and lessons learned by researchers in the field of education policy in China.Design/Approach/Methods:As one of the earliest scholars engaged in the study of Chinese education policy,based on the academic publications,symposia,and thematic research,the author has found efforts in four directions in the field:proposals for policy-oriented research and research-oriented policy,disciplinization-based endeavors,empirical research on theory-guided educational policy,and guidance on major educational policy research topics and a think tank for educational policy decisions.Findings:This article argues that there is now a correspondence among the ideas,themes,forms,and frameworks of the educational reform promulgated by the government in recent years that have appeared in educational policy research,but there is no clear demarcation of what makes an educational policy researcher;no stable academic community has been formed that might strive together toward the foundation of a disciplinary paradigm,the rational organization of academic ideas,and the establishment and handing over of a theoretical framework to a succeeding generation.Originality/Value:This article takes a step back to claim that a paradigm for Chinese educational policy research is still nascent in the arduous process of formulation.

关键词： China disciplinization educational policy research paradigm theoretical guidance think tank

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情报学研究范式与主流理论的演化历程（1987—2017）

图书馆学情报学

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图书馆学情报学 2019年第1期 956-970页

作者：王琳

情报学基础理论研究在新的信息环境下发生了新的变革。本文对1987—2017三十年间情报学研究范式的变迁和主流理论的演化进行评述。对情报学的物理范式、认知范式和领域分析范式进行了系统的梳理与评价。指出情报学主流理论的演化先后经... 详细信息

情报学基础理论研究在新的信息环境下发生了新的变革。本文对1987—2017三十年间情报学研究范式的变迁和主流理论的演化进行评述。对情报学的物理范式、认知范式和领域分析范式进行了系统的梳理与评价。指出情报学主流理论的演化先后经历了文献学理论、信息管理理论、知识理论等阶段，对数据科学能否成为下一阶段的主流理论进行了探讨。

关键词：情报学情报学理论范式情报学理论发展阶段数据科学　　Information science Information science theory paradigm Developmental stage of information science theory Data science

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Synthetic Human Embryo-Like Structure: A New paradigm for Human Embryology

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医用生物力学 2019年第A01期34卷 25-26页

作者： Jianping Fu Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineeringand Department of Cell & Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan

Early human embryonic development remains mysterious due to drastic species divergences between humans and othermammalian models and limited accessibility to human embryo samples. Recent studies from my laboratory and others haveshown that under suitable culture conditions human pluripotent stem cells ( hPSCs) can undergo intricate morphogenetic eventsand self-organize to form patterned human embryo-like structures in vitro. These synthetic human embryonic tissueshold great promises for advancing human embryology and reproductive medicine. In this talk,I will describe a hPSC-based,synthetic 3D model of human post-implantation development that recapitulates key developmental landmarks successively,including pro-amniotic cavity formation,amniotic ectoderm-epiblast patterning,primordial germ cell specification,and developmentof the primitive streak with controlled anteroposterior polarity ( Fig.1) . We further show that the amniotic ectoderm,as the first lineage that segregates from the epiblast upon implantation of the human embryo,functions as a signaling centerto trigger primitive streak development in the epiblast. Together,our research has developed a powerful synthetic embryologicalmodel and provided new understandings of previously inaccessible but critical embryogenic events in human development.

关键词： A New paradigm for Human Embryology Synthetic Human Embryo-Like Structure

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A Study on Rural Social Network and Village Planning paradigm in China

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China City Planning Review 2018年第1期27卷 59-66页

作者： Wang Xu Huang Yaping Roger C.K.Chan He Xuefeng Li Min The University of Hong Kong Harvard University School of Architecture and Urban Planning Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Urban Planning and Design The University of Hong Kong China Rural Governance Research Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Current village planning in China, which mostly draws on the experience from urban planning, is a rational planning model based on elite decision-making, resulting in many problems. Essentially, planning is a kind of institutional arrangement according to the demands of multiple actors under certain social context. Since actors and their behaviors in villages are far different from those in cities, leading to the reorganization of planning assumptions and prerequisites, village planning paradigms are prominently distinct from urban planning paradigms. This paper figures out the significance of social networks and argues that village planning is a kind of communicative planning based on endogenous order, referring to the paradigm development course of Western urban planning theories and the features of Chinese villages. In conclusion, it stresses that village planning should focus on social network and promote communication, coordination, and consensus-building, and accordingly planners should adjust their role.

关键词： social network village planning paradigm communicative planning

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