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Towards integrated surveillance-response systems for the prevention of future pandemics

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 87-92页

作者： Jakob Zinsstag Jürg Utzinger Nicole Probst-Hensch Lv Shan Xiao-Nong Zhou Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention&Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China

Most human pathogens originate from non-human hosts and certain pathogens persist in animal reservoirs.The transmission of such pathogens to humans may lead to self-sustaining chains of transmission.These pathogens represent the highest risk for future pandemics.For their prevention,the transmission over the species barrier—although rare—should,by all means,be avoided.In the current COVID-19 pandemic,surprisingly though,most of the current research concentrates on the control by drugs and vaccines,while comparatively little scientific inquiry focuses on future prevention.Already in 2012,the World Bank recommended to engage in a systemic One Health approach for zoonoses control,considering integrated surveillance-response and control of human and animal diseases for primarily economic reasons.First examples,like integrated West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitos,wild birds,horses and humans in Italy show evidence of financial savings from a closer cooperation of human and animal health sectors.Provided a zoonotic origin can be ascertained for the COVID-19 pandemic,integrated wildlife,domestic animal and humans disease surveillance-response may contribute to prevent future outbreaks.In conclusion,the earlier a zoonotic pathogen can be detected in the environment,in wildlife or in domestic animals;and the better human,animal and environmental surveillance communicate with each other to prevent an outbreak,the lower are the cumulative costs.

关键词： Integrated surveillance-response One health pandemics Transdisciplinarity Zoonoses

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COVID-19 and earlier pandemics,sepsis,and vaccines:A historical perspective

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2021年第1期1卷 4-13页

作者： Jean-Marc Cavaillon Marcin F.Osuchowski French National Research Agency(ANR) Paris 75012France Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center Vienna 1200Austria

Humanity has regularly faced the threat of epidemics and pandemics over the course of history.Successful at-tempts to protect populations were initially made with the development of new vaccines,such as those against plague and cholera,under the leadership of the bacteriologist Waldemar Haffkine.Vaccines have led to a complete eradication of smallpox and bovine plague and a major reduction in other infectious diseases including diphthe-ria,typhoid fever,poliomyelitis,and Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis.While a few coronaviruses have been identified that seasonally infect humans causing mild symptoms,the emergence of a new zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has rapidly triggered the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)as a global pandemic responsible for widespread mortality.The severe phenotypes of COVID-19 resemble a previous infectious threat that was initially designated as hospital fever and puerperal fever,presently known as sepsis.A SARS-CoV-2 infection has frequently been considered as a form of viral sepsis(owing to com-mon features with bacterial sepsis)but is also associated with an array of specific and unique symptoms.Rapid progress in anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development,in particular,the design of efficient messenger RNA(mRNA)and recombinant adenovirus vaccines,is crucial for curbing the pandemic.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus Sepsis Cytokines Hydroxychloroquine Vaccines pandemics

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Burnout syndrome and anxiety among healthcare workers during global pandemics:An umbrella review

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2023年第7期11卷 368-379页

作者： Clayton Yang Teng Bey Jin-Uu Koh Christopher Wai Keung Lai Health and Social Science Cluster Singapore Institute of TechnologyDover Drive 138683Singapore

BACKGROUND Burnout syndrome and anxiety are two mental health symptoms experienced by healthcare workers(HCWs)that can be exacerbated during pandemics due to increased job demands and the global health workforce crisis.AIM To provide a comprehensive review and summary of evidence on burnout and anxiety in HCWs during previous global pandemics.METHODS A systematic search on electronic databases such as PubMed Central and MEDLINE was conducted to identify high-quality systematic review studies that reported on the prevalence of burnout and/or anxiety in HCWs during any previous global pandemic.RESULTS Twenty-four high quality systematic review articles were found to be suitable for inclusion.Twenty articles focused merely on Coronavirus disease 2019,while four articles examined multiple pandemics.Burnout was examined in nine articles,while anxiety was examined in the remaining 21 articles.Female HCWs and nurses were identified to be at a higher risk of developing burnout and anxiety during pandemic.We also observed a variation in the prevalence of burnouts and anxiety across different studies due to different mental health instruments were used in different studies.CONCLUSION Nurses and females HCWs had a high prevalence of burnout syndrome and anxiety during pandemic.More emphasis and attention should be paid to safeguarding the psychological well-being of these at-risk populations in the future pandemics.

关键词： Burnout Anxiety pandemics COVID-19

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

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Frontiers of Medicine 2022年第2期16卷 185-195页

作者： Yiming Shao Yingqi Wu Yi Feng Wenxin Xu Feng Xiong Xinxin Zhang Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206China Changping Laboratory Beijing 102206China Department of Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory of Clinical VirologyNational Research Center for Translational Medicine at ShanghaiRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Policy Science Central Committee of the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic PartyBeijing 100011China

The record speed at which Chinese scientists identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and shared its genomic sequence with the world,has greatly facilitated the development of coronavirus disease(COVID-19)diagnostics,drugs,and vaccines.It is unprecedented in pandemic control history to develop a dozen successful vaccines in the first year and to immunize over half of the global population in the second year,due to the efforts of the scientific community,biopharmaceutical industry,and regulatory agencies worldwide.The challenges are both great and multidimensional due to the rapid emergence of virus variants and waning of vaccine immunity.Vaccination strategies need to adapt to these challenges to keep population immunity above the herd immunity threshold,by increasing vaccine coverage,especially for older adults and young people,and providing timely booster doses with homologous or heterologous vaccine boosts.Further research should be undertaken to develop more effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and to understand the best prime-boost vaccine combinations and immunization strategies to provide sufficient and sustainable immune protection against COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemics SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

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冠状病毒疫情对医务人员心理健康的影响与干预(综述)

心理学

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心理学 2021年第8期

作者：钱英华文轩张南温雯娄思佳李娜孙洪强

三次冠状病毒疫情下医务人员心理问题发生率分别为SARS 29%～75%，MERS 64.1%，COVID-19.63%。疫情暴发流行期以急性应激反应为主；疫情结束1年，17.3%的医务人员存在心理问题；疫情结束3年，4%医务人员存在创伤后应激症状，并出现抑郁... 详细信息

三次冠状病毒疫情下医务人员心理问题发生率分别为SARS 29%～75%，MERS 64.1%，COVID-19.63%。疫情暴发流行期以急性应激反应为主；疫情结束1年，17.3%的医务人员存在心理问题；疫情结束3年，4%医务人员存在创伤后应激症状，并出现抑郁、焦虑和物质滥用等不良结局。直接接触患者、被隔离、自身感染、本职专业与传染病相关性小被安排一线工作者、女性、不成熟的心理防御方式、既往躯体疾病史、既往存在精神障碍病史的医务人员心理问题发生风险更高。线上和线下心理干预有助于促进医务人员心理健康恢复。

关键词：医务人员心理健康冠状病毒疫情 SARS 中东呼吸综合征新型冠状病毒肺炎　　health care worker mental health coronavirus pandemics SARS MERS COVID-19

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Adolescents’perceived stress of COVID-19 and self-compassion in Saudi Arabia:A cross-sectional study

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2023年第2期10卷 215-220页

作者： Sama S.Hammad Mona D.Alzhrani Hebah A.Almulla College of Nursing Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia Nursing College King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Objectives Worldwide,the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health challenges for adolescent populations.The current study aims to examine the levels of perceived stress of COVID-19 and self-compassion and their relationship among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.Methods This study employed a cross-sectional online survey of adolescents from secondary schools in Asir,Saudi Arabia.Instruments that we distributed online included the modified Perceived Stress Scale(PSS-10)and the Self-Compassion Scale(SCS),in addition to demographic and health-related questions.A total of 500 adolescents completed the survey.Results Adolescents in the study reported an average moderate perceived stress level of 18.6(SD=6.67)and an average moderate self-compassion level of 3.22(SD=0.53).A significant correlation is also found between the two variables(r=−0.460,P<0.001).This negative correlation indicates that lower levels of perceived stress are significantly correlated with higher levels of self-compassion.Conclusion The study results show that the perceived stress of COVID-19 is inversely correlated with self-compassion in Saudi adolescents.Further research is needed to explore how to enhance adolescents’self-compassion.School nurses’role should be given full play in this area.

关键词： Adolescent COVID-19 pandemics Psychological stress Saudi Arabia Self-compassion

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Impact of the earthquake during COVID-19 lockdown on fracture admission at a tertiary trauma centre in Croatia

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第3期25卷 166-169页

作者： Dino Bobovec Tomislav Zigman Daniel RajacicTin Ehrenfreund Andreja Prtoric Ivan Dobric Department of Surgery University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia School of Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia

Purpose:To determine the impact of an earthquake during COVID-19 lockdown on fracture admission at a tertiary trauma centre in Croatia.Methods:A case-control study was performed at the tertiary trauma centre registry.Two different periods were studied.The case group included a period during COVID-19 lockdown right after the earthquakes until the end of the confinement period in Croatia.And the control group corresponded to the equivalent period in 2019.We identified all consecutive patients who were admitted due to urgent care requirements for the musculoskeletal trauma.Patient's demographic data and admitting diagnoses were assessed.Data were analyzed by statistical procedures using the program MedCalc statistical software version 16.4.3.Results:We identified 178 emergency admissions due to musculoskeletal trauma.During the COVID-19 lockdown and post-earthquake period,there was a drastic reduction in total admissions(359 vs.662;p<0.0001)with an increased proportion of trauma admissions within the emergency admissions(34.9%vs.26.5%;p=0.02926,Z=-2.1825).Furthermore,in the case group there was a significant increase in hospital admissions due to ankle/foot trauma(11 vs.2,p 0.0126)and a trend towards a decrease in the admissions due to tibia fractures(5 vs.12,p=0.0896),however without statistical significance.Also,an increased proportion of women within the group of femoral fractures in both case group(81.6%vs.52.6%,p=0.00194,Z=3.1033)and the control group(82.3%vs.60.5%,p=0.0232,Z=2.2742)was observed.In both analyzed periods,the osteoporotic hip fracture was the most common independent admitting diagnosis.Conclusion:It is crucial to understand how natural disasters like earthquakes influence the pattern of trauma admissions during a coexisting pandemic.Accordingly,healthcare systems have to be prepared for an increased influx of certain pathology,like foot and ankle trauma.

关键词： Coronavirus pandemics Earthquakes Wounds and injuries

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Pandemic prevention and personality psychology: Gender differences in preventive health behaviors during COVID-19 and the roles of agreeableness and conscientiousness

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第1期3卷 87-91页

作者： Tobias Otterbring Alexandra Festila Department of Management University of AgderKristiansandNorway Freelancer CopenhagenDenmark

One of the greatest public health crises in recent times,the COVID-19 pandemic,has come with a myriad of challenges in terms of health communication and public cooperation to prevent the spread of the disease.Un-derstanding which are the key determinants that make certain individuals more cooperative is key in effectively tackling pandemics and similar future challenges.In the present study(N=800),we investigated whether gen-der differences in compliance with preventive health behaviors(PHB)at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic could be established,and,if so,whether the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness could help explain this presumed relationship.Consistent with our theorizing,we found women to score higher than men on agreeableness and conscientiousness,and to be more willing to comply with a set of PHB.Importantly,both per-sonality traits were found to mediate the gender-compliance link.This means that women’s greater compliance levels with PHB could,at least in part,be attributed to their higher agreeableness and conscientiousness scores.A greater understanding of the determinants of PHB in terms of gender and associated personality traits may help identify options for developing more effective communication campaigns,both in terms of communication channel selection and message content.

关键词： Covid-19 pandemics Gender,personality Psychology Agreeableness Conscientiousness Preventive health behaviors

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The Primacy of Moringa(Moringa oleifera Lam.)in Boosting Nutrition Status and Immunity Defence Amidst the COVID-19 Catastrophe:A Perspective

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第9期91卷 1831-1858页

作者： Hirdayesh Anuragi Rajesh Kumar Singhal Yashfa Tanveer Humaira Yasmin Ambati Srijan Alka Bharati Lal Chand Sukumar Taria Kunasekaran Rajarajan Asha Ram Arun Kumar Handa Ayyanadar Arunachalam Khalid Rehman Hakeem DenizÖzbilici Ayman EL Sabagh ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute Jhansi284003India ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute Jhansi284003India Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI)Islamabad45550Pakistan Agricultural College Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural UniversityWarangal506006India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner334006India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah22233Saudi Arabia Princess Dr.NajlaBint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Public Health Daffodil International UniversityDhaka1341Bangladesh Department of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field CropsSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33156Egypt

A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)led novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak spread through China has become the biggest global public health challenge today.The virus upon several mutations has led to the resurgence of more infectious and lethal variants infecting over 298 million people with more than 5.46 million deaths worldwide by the end of December,2021.Though vaccines are available,various preventive measures particularly a high body immunity is still extremely important which determines the likelihood of disease severity and subsequent recovery in the current and future pandemics.This review acknowledges the potentiality of miraculous Moringa oleifera Lam.against recently evolved novel coronavirus and accompanying health complications.Moringa a well-proven super-food,densely packed with an abundant quantity of 92 minerals,several vitamins,46 antioxidants,and numerous bioactive compounds,thus own a massive therapeutic potential for healing all levels of nutritional deficiencies and poor immunities and cure above 300 diseases.Moringa acts as anti-asthmatic,anti-cancerous,anti-diabetic,anti-inflammatory,hypotensive,hepatic,renal and cardio-protective,and anti-viral in nature.Thus it may reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections and associated serious medical emergencies.In addition,self-isolation at home or the workplace has put people at increased risk of physical and mental sicknesses,which could be simply addressed by integrating this wonderful plant into everyday diet.Furthermore,the immune-modulatory properties and viral inhibiting nature of moringa contribute to reduced risk of COVID-19 infection and quicker recovery from its symptoms.As per the existing pieces of literature,it is a great time to harness the esteemed moringa for safeguarding people from the terrible ongoing COVID-19 situation and other future pandemics.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Moringa oleifera immune-modulatory properties pandemics

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Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 hospitalized patients associated with mortality:A cohort study in Spain

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Infectious Medicine 2022年第2期1卷 81-87页

作者： Manuel Lozano Adina Iftimi Alvaro Briz-Redon Juanjo Peiró Lara Manyes María Otero Mayte Ballester MDolores de las Marinas Juan Carlos Catalá Joséde Andrés Carolina Romero Preventive Medicine and Public Health Food SciencesToxicology and Forensic Medicine DepartmentUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit FISABIO−Universitat Jaume I−Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain Department of Statistics and Operations Research University of ValenciaValenciaSpain Statistics Office City Council of ValenciaValenciaSpain Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain UnitUniversity General HospitalValenciaSpain Division of Allergy and Immunology University General HospitalValenciaSpain Anesthesia Unit-Surgical Specialties Department Valencia University Medical SchoolValenciaSpain Division of Research Methodology European UniversityValenciaSpain

Background:The heterogeneity of patients with COVID-19 may explain the wide variation of mortality rate due to the population characteristics,presence of comorbidities and clinical manifestations.Methods:In this study,we analyzed 5342 patients’recordings and selected a cohort of 177 hospitalized patients with a poor prognosis at an early stage.We assessed during 6 months their symptomatology,coexisting health conditions,clinical measures and health assistance related to mortality.Multiple Cox proportional hazards models were built to identify the associated factors with mortality risk.Results:We observed that cough and kidney failure triplicate the mortality risk and both bilirubin levels and oncologic condition are shown as the most associated with the demise,increasing in four and ten times the risk,respectively.Other clinical characteristics such as fever,diabetes mellitus,breathing frequency,neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,oxygen saturation,and troponin levels,were also related to mortality risk of in-hospital death.Conclusions:The present study shows that some symptomatology,comorbidities and clinical measures could be the target of prevention tools to improve survival rates.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory insufficiency Mortality Proportional hazard model pandemics Coronavirus infections Epidemiology

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