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palynofacies and geochemical analysis of the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin:Implications for hydrocarbon generation potential and the paleoenvironment of continental source rocks

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Palynofacies and geochemical analysis of the Triassic Yancha...

Biostratigraphy, palynofacies and Organic Geochemical Characterization of Three Wells, Western Offshore Niger Delta Nigeria

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： Mingzhen Zhang Liming Ji Yuandong Wu Cong He Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu ProvinceKey Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The petroliferous basins that have formed in China since the Mesozoic are characterized by non-marine organic matter input,a characteristic that is significantly different from that of marine organic *** Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is a suite of typical intra-continental lacustrine sediments that comprise the most important source rocks for the Triassic oil *** Yanchang Formation is divided into ten subsections from top to bottom(Chan 1 to Chan 10).Three borehole successions in the southern Ordos Basin(located in the Huachi,Zhidan and Yichuan areas)cross the Chan 4+5 to Chan 10 subsections and have been studied using the palynofacies method combined with organic geochemistry *** analysis indicates that the sediments are rich in amorphous organic matter(AOM)and *** AOM content in all of the samples positively correlated with the hydrogen index(HI).In contrast,the transparent ligno-cellulosic fragments(TLF)+opaque particles(OP)content are negatively correlated with the HI ***,the gelified particles(GP)content has no linear correlation with the geochemistry *** on the quantitative composition of the particulate organic matter,three palynofacies types are identified,reflecting depositional settings in a distal dysoxic–anoxic deep basin,a shelf-to-basin transition zone and a proximal suboxic *** palynofacies,total organic carbon(TOC),and Rock-Eval data together indicate that type I and Ⅱ kerogen are abundant in the D48and W22 wells in the Zhidan and Yichuan areas,*** kerogen types are uncommon in the L94well in the Huachi area,which suggests low hydrocarbon generation *** detail,the Chan 7 and Chan9 subsections of the three wells contain abundant type I and Ⅱ kerogen,indicating that these layers are likely the two primary source rocks in the southern Ordos Basin.

关键词： palynofacies Organic geochemistry paleoenvironment Source rock potential Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

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Open Journal of Geology 2023年第5期13卷 504-535页

作者： Oluwafemi Gabriel Ogunsanya Joshua Babatunde Asere Olugbenga Ademola Boboye Kehinde Sunday Bosikun Grace Adewumi Adegboye Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo Nigeria

Ditch samples from AP-4, ER-51 and UK-2 offshore Niger Delta were subjected to biostratigraphic and organic geochemical analyses which entail foraminiferal, palynological, Spore Colour Index (SCI), Rock-Eval Pyrolysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The results have established N19 and N17;N17, N16 and N15;and N9 and N8 biozones;and P600 and P700 palynological zones. The dominance of palynomaceral (PM) I and II suggests Type III kerogen. PM III and IV (Type II and IV) were recorded. SCI ranges from 3/4 to 5/6 suggesting an early to mature liquid hydrocarbon generation phase. Rock-Eval Pyrolysis shows that the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Hydrogen Index (HI), Pyrolysis temperature (Tmax), and Vitrinite Reflectance (VRo) range from 2.48 wt% - 6.37 wt%, 78 - 258, 411°C - 431°C and 0.26% - 0.69% respectively suggesting high TOC of Type II/III kerogen. FTIR indices show Type I kerogen in all the wells. VRo results range from 0.4 - 0.5 indicating an immature source. High concentrations of aliphatic saturates in identified functional groups indicate a low biodegradation. The abundance and diversity of recovered assemblages and dominance of PM I and II suggest shallow depositional environments with an age range of late Miocene to early Pliocene. Palynomaceral, SCI, and Rock-Eval inference contradict FTIR kerogen type suggesting that IR spectroscopy might not be suitable for kerogen typing and origin. The geochemical and biostratigraphical inferences must be corroborated for a successful evaluation. However, the source rock in the study area has adequate organic matter with the prospect to generate both oil and gas at appropriate maturity.

关键词： Biostratigraphy Rock-Eval palynofacies Infrared Spectroscopy Palynomaceral

Organo-petrographic and geochemical characteristics of Gurha lignite deposits,Rajasthan,India:Insights into the palaeovegetation,palaeoenvironment and hydrocarbon source rock potential

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 965-988页

作者： Runcie Paul Mathews Bhagwan DSingh Vikram Partap Singh Alpana Singh Hukam Singh Mahesh Shivanna Suryendu Dutta Vinod A.Mendhe Rimpy Chetia DST-Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences Lucknow226007India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad826015India

The sedimentary sequence containing lignite deposits in Gurha quarry of the Bikaner-Nagaur Basin(Rajasthan)has been *** samples from lignite and allied shale horizons were evaluated for petrographical,palynological,palynofacies and organic geochemical inferences,to depict the source flora and to reconstruct the palaeodepositional conditions prevailed during the *** assessment for the hydrocarbon generation potential of these deposits has also been *** results revealed the dominance of huminite macerals and phytoclasts organic matter(OM) indicating the existence of forested vegetation in the vicinity of the depositional site.A relatively high terrigenous/aquatic ratio(TAR) and the carbon preference index(CPI) are also suggesting the contribution of higher plants in the peat ***,the n-alkane distributions,maximizing at n-C17 and n-C29,showed inputs from the algal communities along with the higher plant derived organic *** palynomorphs of the families Onagraceae,Meliaceae,Arecaceae,Rhizophoraceae,Rubiaceae,Ctenolophonaceae, *** with oleanene and ursane types of triterpenoids suggest the contribution from angiosperms source ***,the presence of Araucareaceae and Podocarpaceae pollen grains shows the existence of gymnosperms ***,the presence of tetracyclic diterpanes;demethylated entbeyerane,sandaracopimarane,pimarane,and Kaurane type of compounds confirms the contribution of *** variation in the values of the coefficient of non-equality(H:0.68%-7.56%),the standard deviation(8:0.04%-0.16%) and the coefficient of variability(V:16.10%-46.47%),also shows the heterogeneity in the source organic *** various petrographical indices,palynological entities,and geochemical parameters indicate that the peatforming vegetation was accumulated under a mixed environment and fluctuating hydrological *** interpretation of palynofacies data on APP(Amorphous organ

关键词： palynofacies Biomarkers Rock-Eval Palaeocene deposits Bikaner-Nagaur Basin

Characteristics and Sources of Organic Matter from the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formtion and Its Preservation Environment in Guizhou

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 933-944页

作者： Hong Wei Qinglai Feng Jianxin Yu Shan Chang State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Hubei Normal UniversityHuangshi 435002China

The Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation on the Yangtze Block is a set of high-quality marine source ***,hydrocarbon-forming organisms of these organic-rich shales was poorly *** this paper,the results of palynofacies analysis and hydrocarbon-forming organism characteristics of the Niutitang Formation from the Yangtze Block are reported for the first time,and the sedimentary environment is discussed in combination with geochemical *** analysis show that the organic matter(OM)of the Niutitang Formation is mainly composed of amorphous organic matter(AOM),with a small amount of structural organic matter(STOM)and palynomorphs(PL).The results of CONISS(stratigraphically constrained incremental sum of squares)cluster analysis show that the PL can be divided into three zones in the ascending order:Leiosphaeridia-Micrhystridiumfungal zone,algal bloom zone and fungal development zone,corresponding to three stages:transgression,high-stand and regression,*** principal component analysis(PCA)shows that the main hydrocarbon-forming organisms include planktonic green microalgae or dinoflagellates that are related to Leiosphaeridia and *** analysis and geochemical data show that the Niutitang Formation was deposited under anoxic or dysoxic condition which was favorable to the enrichment of organic matter.

关键词： organic matter palynofacies hydrocarbon-forming organisms sedimentary environment Niutitang Formation Yangtze Block

Factors controlling organic-rich shale development in the Liushagang Formation,Weixinan Sag,Beibu Gulf Basin:Implications of structural activity and the depositional environment

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1011-1020页

作者： Jin-Jun Xu Qiang Jin Xin-De Xu Fu-Qi Cheng Chen-Hui Hu Bin Wang Tao Chen Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang BranchGuangdong524057China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Shengli Oilfield CompanySinopecDongying257015China

The mechanisms of lacustrine organic-rich shale formation have attracted attention due to its association with global shale oil and shale gas *** of general-quality and excellent-quality source rocks,and oil shale from the Beibu Gulf Basin were analyzed to investigate their organic geochemistry,palynofacies,and trace *** potential was higher in the oil shale(29.79 mg/g)than in the general-quality source rock(3.82 mg/g),and its kerogen type wasⅠ-Ⅱ***-rich liptinite(cutinite and sporinite)components derived from terrigenous higher plants provided most of the hydrocarbon potential of excellent-quality source rock and oil *** the influence of depressioncontrolling fault activity,a deeper subsidence center promotes the deposition of excellent-quality source rock and oil shale in brackish-hypoxic bottom water.A shallower subsidence center,due to subsag-controlling fault activity,promotes the formation of excellent-quality source rock under freshbrackish and weak oxidation-weak reducing *** local uplift and shallow-slope led to the formation of general-quality source rock,under freshwater weak-oxidation conditions.A model was established for organic matter(OM)accumulation in organic-rich shales,accounting for fault activity,terrigenous hydrogen-rich OM,and the preservation conditions,to predict the development of excellent-quality source rock from areas with low levels of exploration.

关键词： Organic-rich shale Geochemical characteristics palynofacies Structural activity Depositional environment Accumulation model Beibu gulf basin

Formation and influencing factors of carbonate source rock of the Lower Permian Chihsia Formation in Chaohu region, Anhui Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第12期54卷 1926-1939页

作者： LIU Feng CAI JinGong LU BingQuan XU JinLi State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Highly-mature carbonate source rock is essential to the exploration of oil and gas in southern China. In this study, the carbonate strata in the relatively well-developed Lower Permian Chihsia Formation (located in Chaohu, Lower Yangtze) were targeted, and the formation and influencing factors of source rock were discussed based on paleoenvironment reconstruction using comprehensive sedimentology, palynofacies, and organic geochemistry data. The results demonstrate that the Chihsia Formation is oxygen-deficient biogenic carbonate sediments, with marked variations in the organic and inorganic components, formed during a period of Permian transgression. The formation of source rock is the combined result of high bioproductivity and oxygen-deficient environment generated by transgression and oxygenation events which frequently occurred during transgression periods. Source rock was affected by self-dilution effects and diagenesis, causing its heterogeneous distribution in many intervals. Source rock is over 40 m thick, and can be identified based on its different organic, biological, and mineral composition characteristics. The carbonate rock appears to require no specific clay content in order to become a source rock. The combination of sedimentology, palynofacies, and organic geochemistry has provided an effective means for evaluating and predicting high-maturity carbonate source rock in the region.

关键词： lower Yangtze Chihsia Formation palynofacies paleoenvironment carbonate source rock heterogeneous distribution

Textural Characteristics and Depositional Environment of a Late Quaternary Alluvial Plain of Haryana

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第11期12卷 870-882页

作者： Tarasha Chitkara O. P. Thakur Anupam Sharma Department of Geology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India

The present study deals with the textural characteristics of the sediments from the exposed palaeochannel situated at Dhyangla village near Ladwa, district of Kurukshetra in north-western Haryana. It is a part of vast alluvial plains of India. Samples were taken from a 3 m thick exposed section. Grain size distribution and palynofacies analyses of these sediments were carried out to study their textural parameters and the organic matter content respectively. Sediments are mostly fine to medium grained sand with silt percentage increasing upwards in the section. These sediments are mostly unimodal showing the grain size population controlled by a single type of grain size, mostly sand. Further the sand samples are moderately well sorted and mesokurtic in nature. Samples with silt are poorly sorted and leptokurtic with positive skewness, denoting those sediments have already sorted elsewhere in the high energy environment and are now transported and modified by the low energy environment. palynofacies analysis also shows the presence of amorphous particles in the silt samples which indicate low energy environment of the sequence while presence of black debris in the sand samples indicates high energy depositions environment.

关键词： Alluvial Plains Palaeoenvironment palynofacies Textural Analysis