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paleoenvironment and organic matter enrichment of the Carboniferous volcanic-related source rocks in the Malang Sag,Santanghu Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Science 2021年第1期18卷 29-53页

作者： Tian-Jun Li Zhi-Long Huang Xuan Chen Xin-Ning Li Jun-Tian Liu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijng 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Tuha Oilfield CompanyHamiXinjiang 839009China

Volcanic activity was quite frequent during the deposition of the Late Carboniferous Ha’erjiawu Formation in the Santanghu *** petrology and organic and inorganic geochemical indicators were used to investigate hydrocarbon potential,paleoenvironmental conditions and organic matter enrichment of the *** results show that the oil generation capacity of the Ha’erjiawu Formation mudstones,which has abundant oil-prone organic matter(TypeⅡkerogen with hydrogen index values mainly ranging from 250 to 550 mg HC/g TOC)in mature stage(Tmax values mainly ranging from 435 to 450℃),is *** Ha’erjiawu Formation was deposited in a dysoxic,freshwater-mildly brackish,and warm-humid *** its deposition,the Ha’erjiawu Formation received hydrothermal *** volcanic hydrothermal activities played an important role in the organic matter *** addition,the total organic carbon(TOC)is significantly positively correlated with the felsic mineral content,but it is negatively correlated with the carbonate mineral content and C27/C29 ratios,indicating that terrigenous organic matter input also contributed to the primary productivity in the surface ***,the formation of the high-quality source rocks in the Ha’erjiawu Formation was jointly affected by the hydrothermal activity and the terrigenous organic matter input.

关键词： Organic-rich rocks paleoenvironment Organic matter enrichment Hydrothermal activity Ha’erjiawu Formation Santanghu Basin

paleoenvironment controls on organic matter accumulation in transitional shales from the eastern Ordos Basin,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第4期15卷 737-753页

作者： Jianwei LV Songhang ZHANG Ning YANG Chunbo FU Xinlu YAN Yang LI School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Chinese Academy of Natural Resources Economics Beijing 101149China Huadian Coal Industry Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100035China Second Oil Production Plant PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyQingyang 745100China

To investigate the paleoenvironmental controls on organic matter accumulation of Upper Paleozoic shales in the eastern Ordos Basin,China,26 shale samples were collected from two wells drilled into the Shanxi and Taiyuan *** total organic carbon(TOC)content,mineral compositions and elemental geochemistry of the samples were ***(35.42%)and clay minerals(48.34%)are the dominant minerals and trace elements(Li,Cs,Cu,V,Co,and Cr)are commonly enriched in the shale samples compared to the Upper Continental Crust.C-values(ranging from 0.2 to 4.5),chemical indices of weathering(CIW)values(48.82 to 99.11),and Sr/Cu ratios(1.00 to 11.05)suggest that the paleoclimate was humid in the study area during the Late *** redox indices(e.g.,Al_(2)O_(3)/(Al_(2)O_(3)+Fe_(2)O_(3)),V/Cr,Ni/Co,V/(V+Ni)and U/Th)indicate a dysoxic to oxic paleoenvironment characterized by transi-tional sedimentary deposits in a continental margin *** addition,chemical index of alteration(CIA,ranging from 77.92%to 98.36%)and CIW(89.19%to 99.11%)values suggest that there was intense chemical weathering in the study area,while the Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO^(*)+Na_(2)O-K_(2)O(A-CN-K)ternary diagram demonstrates that the shales were not subjected to potassium metasomatism during ***_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)and TiO_(2)/Zr ratios,as well as REE characteristics suggest a felsic source rocks and discount seawater as an REE *** anomalies indicate an oxic environment with terrigenous input during black shale deposition,and LREE enrichment with negative Eu anomalies suggests that both shale formations were affected by detrital input rather than hydrothermal *** correlation of TOC(ranging from 1.10%to 6.39%,with an average of 2.77%)with trace elemental redox indices(Sr/Cu,Sr/Ba,V/Cr,and U/Th)indicates that a warm-humid,dysoxic to oxic environment preserved much of the organic matter.

关键词： Late Paleozoic shale geochemistry paleoenvironment eastern Ordos Basin

Organic-rich rocks;paleoenvironment;Lucaogou Formation;Jimusar Sag;Junggar Basin

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Petroleum Science 2019年第4期16卷 763-775页

作者： Chang-Sheng Qu Long-Wei Qiu Ying-Chang Cao Yong-Qiang Yang Kuan-Hong Yu School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580ShandongChina Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas Geology and Geophysics (China University of Petroleum)Ministry of EducationQingdao 266580ShandongChina

The Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag of the eastern Junggar Basin is an important sedimentary stratum accumulating huge amounts of lacustrine tight oil in China, where organic-rich rocks are commonly observed. Focusing on the Lucaogou Formation, a precise analysis of the inorganic and organic petrology and the inorganic geochemistry characteristics was conducted. The paleoclimate and paleoenvironment during sedimentation of the Lucaogou Formation were established,and the key factors that were controlling the accumulation of organic matter during this time were identified. The results of this study suggest that during the sedimentation of the Lucaogou Formation, the paleoclimate periodically changed from a humid environment to an arid environment. As a result, the salinity of the water and the redox environment *** the sedimentation period, the lake showed su cient nutrient supplies and a high primary productivity. The interval studies in the Lucaogou Formation were divided into five sedimentary cycles, where the first, second, and fifth sedimentary cycles consisted of cyclical paleoclimate fluctuations varied from a humid environment to an arid environment and shifted back to a humid environment with levels of salinity from low to high and decreased again. The third and fourth cycles have cyclical fluctuations from a humid to an arid environment and corresponding salinity variation between low and high *** the period when organic-rich rocks in the Lucaogou Formation deposited in the Jimusar Sag, the paleoclimate and the water body were suitable for lower aquatic organisms to flourish. As a result, its paleoproductivity was high, especially during the early period of each cycle. A quiet deep water body is likely to form an anoxic environment at the bottom and is also good for accumulation and preservation of organisms. Fine-grained sediments were accumulated at a low deposition rate, with a low dilution of organic matter. Therefore, high

关键词： Organic-rich rocks paleoenvironment Lucaogou Formation Jimusar Sag Junggar Basin

paleoenvironment of marine-continental transitional shales in the lower Permian Shanxi formation,southeastern Ordos Basin,China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 221-233页

作者： Jia Tan Yuqiang Jiang Xingtao Li Chunhai Ji Yifan Gu Zhanlei Wang School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China The Unconventional Reservoir Evaluation Department PetroChina Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas ResourcesChengdu610500China Project Department of Tight Oil and Gas Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Beijing100028China Shale Gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield CompanyChengdu610051China

The paleoenvironment of shales can be reconstructed to some extent using the combinations or concentrations of elements that correlate strongly with environmental *** this study,we analyzed rare earth elements(REEs),major elements,and trace elements in the marine-continental transitional shales(transitional shales for short)of the Shan 2^(3)submember of the Shanxi Formation in the southeastern Ordos *** purpose is to deduce the paleoenvironmental conditions of the shales,encompassing paleoredox,paleoclimate,paleoproductivity,and *** Shan 2^(3)submember comprises four sections,namely Shan 2^(3)-1,Shan 2^(3)-2,Shan 2^(3)-3,and Shan 2^(3)-*** Ba/Al,P/Al,and Cu/Al ratios,along with biogenic barium(Babio),indicate that the paleoproductivity of the submember peaked during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition and exhibited a downtrend upward in other *** in the Uau and the Ni/Co,V/Cr,U/Th,and V/Sc ratios suggest that suboxic conditions prevailed during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,with the oxidation level gradually increasing from Shan 2^(3)-1 to Shan 2^(3)-4.C-value and the Sr/Cu ***/Rb cross-plot indicate a warm and arid paleoclimate during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,which transitioned to cooler,drier conditions during the deposition of other *** sensitive to paleoclimate,such as the K/Rb and Th/U ratios,along with the ICV,PIA,and Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),highlight elevated weathering from Shan 2^(3)-2 to Shan 2^(3)-4,with Shan 2^(3)-1 exhibiting the weakest weathering during its *** suggested by the REE data,the Zr/Sc ***/Sr cross-plot,provenance discriminant functions,and the cross-plots of Hf ***/Th,Th ***-Co,and∑REE ***/Yb,the sedimentary provenance for the transitional shales of the Shan 2^(3)submember is of multiple origins,with significant contributions from the Upper Continental Crust(UCC).Discriminant diagrams,including those of Th-Co-Zr/10,Th-Sc-Zr/10,La-Th-Sc,and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O

关键词： Transitional shale paleoenvironment Elemental geochemistry Upper Permian Shan 2^(3)submember Ordos basin

Clay mineralogy of the first and second members of the Nenjiang Formation, Songliao Basin: Implications for paleoenvironment in the Late Cretaceous

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第3期61卷 327-338页

作者： GAO Yuan XI DangPeng QIN ZuoHuan MA PengFei WANG ChengShan State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University

The first and second members ofthe Nenjiang Formation （K2n1＋2） in the Songliao Basin, northeast China, are an interval of dark-colored mudstone. paleoenvironmental studies of these strata are useful for understanding the terrestrial environment under a greenhouse climate and hydrocarbon accumulation in lake basins. In this study, clay mineralogy of the K2n1＋2 from four borehole or outcrop sections is investigated to understand terrestrial paleoenvironment during the depositional period in the Late Cretaceous. In the mudstone samples, smectite and illite are the predominant clay minerals, and were derived from weathering of parent rocks in a temperate, sub-humid to sub-arid climate; kaolinite and chlorite are minor clay species. The difference in the clay-mineral assemblages between the eastern and western margins of the basin was primarily controlled by provenance lithology, and the high smectite content in the western basin resulted from alteration of volcanic rocks exposed in the Greater Xing＇an Range area. The increasing illite content and ratio of illite/smectite percentages in the upper part of the first member of the Nenjiang Formation indicate paleoenvironmental change. This temporal change in the clay-mineral composition was primarily caused by a regionally cooler and drier paleoclimate, consistent with previous paleoenviroumental reconstructions.

关键词： Clay mineral Nenjiang Formation Songliao Basin paleoenvironment Late Cretaceous

Formation and Evolution of a Paleosol across the Lower Silurian-Lower Permian Boundary in Zunyi District,Northern Guizhou,China and Its paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第6期89卷 2012-2029页

作者： XIONG Xiaohui XIAO Jiafei HU Ruizhong WANG Jian WANG Yi WANG Xinsong DENG Qi State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Key Laboratory for Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Land Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper presents a set of bulk geochemical and mineralogical data from a paleoweathering profile located in Zunyi District, Northern Guizhou, China. It was formed at the top of the Hanjiadian Formation of the Lower Silurian. A truncated, argillic, gleyed, kryptic paleospodosol is recognized in the paleoweathering profile. Ratios of immobile elements（Ti/Zr, Ti/Al） and their binary（e.g., Nb vs. Zr/TiO_2 and Th/Sc vs. Zr/Sc）, triangular diagrams（La-Th-Sc, Th-ScZr/10, Zr-Cr-Ga） reflect that the Gaojiayan paleosol is the product of in-situ weathering of gray-green silty mudstone of the underlying Hanjiadian Formation. Mass balance calculations indicate K enrichment and Na enrichment in the upper and lower portions of paleosol, respectively. These findings both are the results of transgression, which brings substantial concentrations of such elements as K, Na, and Sr. In particular, K enrichment is achieved by the illitization of kaolinite. The biological processes of terrestrial vascular plants also enhance K concentration, especially at the top of the paleosol. Na enrichment is a consequence of albitization and/or adsorption by clay minerals through cation exchange. The mass distributions and relative mass changes of rare earth elements（REEs） in the studied profile display characteristics of vertical zonation. Three peaks in total REEs content are observed, indicating two paleoclimatic or paleoenvironmental changes. Mineralogical characteristics indicate that the paleoclimate changed first from warm and humid to cold and dry and later, to dry and lightly warmer. The corresponding soil environment varies from weakly acidic to strongly alkaline and later, to weakly acidic. Mass translocation characteristics of REEs and several transition metals suggest that the Gaojiayan paleosol may have undergone top erosion.

关键词： paleosol paleoclimate paleoenvironment Lower Silurian-Lower Permian NorthernGuizhou

Machine learning-supported seismic stratigraphy of the Paleozoic Nubia Formation(SW Gulf of Suez-rift):Implications for paleoenvironmentpetroleum geology of a lacustrine-fan delta

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Petroleum 2023年第2期9卷 301-315页

作者： Mohammad A.Abdelwahhab Nabil A.Abdelhafez Ahmed M.Embabi Geology Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNasr CityCairoEgypt

Steeply dipping prograding fan deltas possess high reservoir quality facies that could be excellent targets while exploring for *** to their complex stacking nature,and limited examples,delineating their architectural elements is still *** this paper we mainly performed sedimentary facies analysis;applying various disciplines *** stratigraphy,seismic stratigraphy,GR-log motifs,and seismic waveform segmentation;so as to adequately depict the reservoir heterogeneity and quality of the Paleozoic Nubia clastics in West Esh El Mallaha Concession(southwest Gulf of Suez rift).Organic maturity prediction,to confirm the hydrocarbon charging from source units to reservoir intervals,was also of most importance in this ***,1D basin model was established to define the past geologic events;subsidence,and thermal maturity;and their controls on sedimentary basin evolution and associated petroleum *** utilized several key-information scales;*** logs,and seismic *** different disciplines applied in this study points to a successful integrated reservoir characterization workflow capable of unfolding ancient environments and the associated hydrocarbon *** results show that Nubia Formation was built during the lowstandtransgressive phase of a 3rd order depositional *** encompasses fluvio-lacustrine system with eight sedimentary facies associations;form source to *** channels and mouth bars,settled in subaerial and subaqueous settings respectively,represent the most significant reservoir facies in the *** best hydrocarbon-reservoir quality,the deltaic mouth bars ought to attract attention of further oilfield development plans and be considered while investigating similar settings.

关键词： Seismic stratigraphy Nubia formation paleoenvironment Petroleum geology West Esh El Mallaha concession Gulf of Suez

Elemental characteristics and paleoenvironment reconstruction： a case study of the Triassic lacustrine Zhangjiatan oil shale, southern Ordos Basin, China

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第1期37卷 134-150页

作者： Delu Li Rongxi Li Zengwu Zhu Xiaoli Wu Futian Liu Bangsheng Zhao Jinghua Cheng Baoping Wang School of Earth Sciences and Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China Shaanxi Center of Geological Survey Xi'an 710068 China Yanchang Oilfiled Co. Ltd Yah'an 716000 China

Using trace elements to reconstruct paleoenvironment is a current hot topic in geochemistry. Through analytical tests of oil yield, ash yield, calorific value, total sulfur, major elements, trace elements, and X-ray diffraction, the quality, mineral content, occurrence mode of elements, and paleoenvironment of the Zhangjiatan oil shale of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin were studied. The analyses revealed relatively high oil yield(average 6.63%) and medium quality. The mineral content in the oil shale was mainly clay minerals,quartz, feldspar, and pyrite; an illite–smectite mixed layer comprised the major proportion of clay minerals. Compared with marine oil shale in China, the Zhangjiatan oil shale had higher contents of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals, and lower calcite content. Silica was mainly in quartz and Fe was associated with organic matter, which is different from marine oil shale. The form of calcium varied. Cluster analyses indicated that Fe, Cu, U, V, Zn, As,Cs, Cd, Mo, Ga, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Sc, P, and Mn are associated with organic matter while Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Si, Zr, K,Al, B, Mg, and Ti are mostly terrigenous. Sr/Cu, Ba/Al, V/(V+ Ni), U/Th, AU, and δU of oil shale samples suggest the paleoclimate was warm and humid, paleoproductivity of the lake was relatively high during deposition of the shale—which mainly occurred in fresh water—and the paleo-redox condition was dominated by reducing conditions. Fe/Ti ratios of the oil shale samples suggest clear hydrothermal influence in the eastern portion of the study area and less conspicuous hydrothermal influence in the western portion.

关键词： Trace elements Occurrence mode paleoenvironment Zhangjiatan oil shale Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

Reconstruction of sedimentary paleoenvironment of Permian Lucaogou Formation and its implications for the organic matter enrichment in south-eastern Junggar Basin,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第3期18卷 526-537页

作者： Yong TANG Xiatian WANG Tao WANG Chenlu HEI Shuang LIANG Hu CHENG Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaKaramay 834000China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

The Permian Lucaogou Formation represents one of the most important hydrocarbon source rock intervals in the Junggar Basin,although the sedimentary paleoenvironment and organic matter enrichment mechanism of the Lucaogou Formation remain *** studied the temporal evolution of the sedimentary paleoenvironment in the Lucaogou Formation by analyzing the elemental composition and total organic carbon content of 27 hydrocarbon source rock samples from the J305 well in the Jimsar *** these data,we found that the Lucaogou Formation overall was deposited in a semisaline to saline,reducing lake basin under an arid *** identified five organic matter-enriched intervals,which can be correlated with the parameters that indicate a wetter climate and a more anoxic lake *** compare sedimentary environments spatially,we compiled environmental indicators from 10 cores and outcrops in three sags around the Bogda *** compilation shows that the organic matter-enriched Jimsar Sag experienced a more arid climate and a more saline and anoxic lake environment during the deposition of the Lucaogou Formation,which was possibly controlled by the paleogeographic *** conclude that the spatially arid climate and anoxic environment induced organic matter burial in the Jimsar Sag,while temporal events of a more humid climate and more anoxic environment triggered the enrichment of organic matter in some intervals of the Lucaogou Formation.

关键词： paleoenvironment organic matter enrichment Lucaogou Formation Jimsar Sag Junggar Basin