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Effect of oxide scale on corrosion behavior of HP-13Cr stainless steel during well completion process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第5期64卷 153-164页

作者： Wenlong Qi Jidong Wang Xuanpeng Li Yanan Cui Yang Zhao Junfeng Xie Guanxin Zeng Qiuying Gao Tao Zhang Fuhui Wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Northeastern University3-11 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110819China Corrosion and Protection Laboratory Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface TechnologyHarbin Engineering UniversityMinistry of EducationNantong ST 145Harbin 150001China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Shihua RDKorla 841000China Engineering Technology Research Institute Sinopec Northwest Oil Field Branch CompanyUrumqi 830011China

The well completion process in oil and gas industry,aiming to build effective exploitation,is divided into acidizing and formation water production *** scale(OS)formed on the inner wall of the HP-13Cr stainless steel tubes during the hot extrusion process changes the surface *** effects of OS on the corrosion of HP-13Cr stainless steel during well completion process were studied by corrosion measurement,spectra analysis,microscopic observation and numerical *** results indicate that the OS make no change of phase distribution and element composition of corrosion scale,while the increasing OS roughness is the dominant factor for accelerating corrosion rate during the well completion *** acidizing process,the greater surface roughness OS of HP-13Cr stainless steel increases the corrosion rate obviously due to a larger interfacial area in contact with the aggressive *** subsequent formation water production process,the turbulence eddy,formed at locations characterized with greater surface roughness OS,can deteriorate the corrosion scale and accelerate the mass transfer of the corrosive species,resulting in more serious corrosion.

关键词： Stainless steel oxide scale Roughness Interfacial area Turbulence eddy

Effect of Heating Rates on the Formable oxide scale on a C-Steel Surface

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第5期20卷 591-594页

作者： A.A.El-Meligi Electrochemistry and Corrosion Lab. Dept.of Physical ChemistryNational Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt

oxide scale formation on a C-steel surface has been investigated using linear heating rates ranging from 0.1℃/min to 10℃/min at high temperatures. The studies on the oxide scale formation at high temperature (650℃) at slower heating rate (0.1℃/min) shows that the kinetic regime is linear. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the scale constituents are significantly influenced by the heating rate. The adherence of the scale was improved by using slower heating rate (0.1℃/min-≤650℃), while above such degree the scale was susceptible to cracking and flaking out of the alloy surface. In fact, the development of oxide growth stresses can cause considerable scale cracking. As well, variation of the crystallite sizes under the aforementioned conditions might affect the scale stacking to the alloy surface. The secondary electron detector images of the oxide scale shows that the scale was imperfectly smooth and there were a number of voids and defects in the scale skin, especially at fast heating rate. This observation could be attributed to defects of the as-received alloy. In general, slower heating rate reduced the defects of the scale and improved its adherence.

关键词： C-steel oxide scale Heating rate Weight gain XRD

Hot-dip Galvanizing of Carbon Steel after Cold Rolling with oxide scale and Hydrogen Descaling

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2014年第2期21卷 222-226页

作者： Yong-quan HE Tao JIA Xiao-jiang LIU Guang-ming CAO Zhen-yu LIU Jun LI State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University Baosteel Research Institute

A new processing method for producing hot dip galvanized steel is designed and tested, in which pickling is skipped. Hot-rolled low carbon steel sheets are roiled with oxide scale in an experimental mill at room temperature, prior to annealing under a 20% hydrogen reducing atmosphere and galvanizing on a hot-dip galvanizing simulator. Micro-cracks formed in the oxide scale during cold rolling roughen the steel surface and enlarge the specific surface. Through-thickness cracks provide transport channels for hydrogen, and hence the reduction of oxide scale is en- hanced. When the sheet is dipped in the zinc bath, cracks are submerged by liquated zinc and the defects are not dis- tinct after hot-dip galvanizing. The overlay coating occludes with rough surface of the sheet, whereby a superior coat- ing adherence is realized.

关键词： oxide scale acid free cleaning cold rolling reducing annealing hot-dip galvanizing

Effect of Hot-Rolled oxide scale on Dry/ Wet Cyclic Corrosion Behavior of Q370qNH Steel in Simulated Industrial Atmosphere Environment

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2022年第6期37卷 1216-1227页

作者： REN Yuxia GUO Tieming XU Xiujie LI Guangming TANG Jian NAN Xueli JIA Jiangang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Province Transportation Planning Surveydesign Institute Co.LtdLanzhou 730050China

The corrosion behavior of Q370qNH steel in the presence and absence of hot-rolled oxide scale in simulated industrial atmospheric environment was studied by dry/wet cycle accelerated corrosion *** experimental results show that the corrosion type of bare steel is uneven overall corrosion and large size pitting corrosion in small areas;that of oxide scale sample is local dissolution corrosion and small size pitting corrosion in large areas,and corrosion rate is much smaller than that of bare *** corrosion products of both steels are composed ofα-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe_(2)O_(3),and Fe_(3)O_(4),but the formation mechanism is *** bare steel generatesα-FeOOH andγ-FeOOH through“acid regeneration cycle mechanism”;the oxide scale sample generates hydroxides mainly through the gradual dissolution of the oxide film,and then through“the acid regeneration cycle mechanism”.With the extension of corrosion time,the electrochemical stability of the sample with oxide scale increases,but the change of tafel curve of bare steel sample is not *** simulated industrial atmosphere,the existence of hot-rolled oxide scale can facilitate the formation of dense rust layer on the surface of Q370qNH steel,which is more protective than bare steel.

关键词： Q370qNH steel oxide scale NaHSO3 corrosion behavior

Reduction of oxide scale with Hydrogen

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2014年第1期21卷 24-29页

作者： Xiao-jiang LIU Guang-ming CAO Yong-quan HE Ming YANG Zhen-yu LIU State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University

During hot rolling process metals will inevitably oxidize because of high temperature and air condition. In order to guarantee the surface quality, acid pickling is applied to remove the oxide scale while waste acid will do harm to the environment. Faced with the problem, by means of reduction process of hot-rolled plates, the oxide scale will be reduced to iron, so that acid pickling is unnecessary. One pass cold rolling procedure was applied. The compres- sion ratios of hot-rolled plates with oxide scale were 10%, 18%, 26% and 31%, respectively. After that, samples mentioned above including a sample without deformation were separately reduced under hydrogen atmosphere condi- tion （5 % H2 ＋95 % Ar in volume percent） at 600-1 000 ℃. The thermal gravimetric apparatus （TGA） was used to establish accurate experimental condition and obtain complete mass loss data. Field emission electron probe microa- nalysis （EPMA） was applied to analyze scale morphology change and composition distribution through the oxide scale. It was found that the sample with 26% compression ratio could be reduced completely at 900 ℃which was favorable to galvanization.

关键词： oxide scale pickling free reduction hydrogen cold rolling

Influence of Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3 Composite oxide scale on Oxidation Resistance of ZG40Cr24

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2012年第3期27卷 405-410页

作者：王海涛 School of Mechanical Engineering Qingdao Technological University

Test alloys ZG40Cr24 with alloying of 3 wt% aluminium were cast by intermediate frequency induction furnace. The oxidation resistance of test alloys at 1 000 ℃ for 500 hours was examined according to oxidation weight gain method. The scale morphology and composition were studied using scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） respectively. By energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） studies, a kind of composite oxide scale compounded highly by Cr2O3, Al2O3 and spinel MCr2O4 in molecule scale came into being at high temperature. With flat and compact structure, fine and even grains, such composite scale granted complete oxidation resistance to alloy ZG40Cr24. The oxidation resistance mechanism was studied deeply in electrochemistry corrosion. The P＋N semiconductor composite scale composed plenty of inner PN junctions, of which the unilateral conductive and the out-of-order arrangement endowed itself insulating in all directions. The positive and negative charges in scale could not move, and the mobile number and transferring rate of them both dropped enormously, as a result, the oxidation rate of the matrix metal was cut down greatly. So the composite scale presented excellent oxidation resistance.

关键词： oxide scale oxidation resistance Cr2O3 Al2O3 semiconductor

Effects of Coiling Temperature and Cooling Condition on Transformation Behavior of Tertiary oxide scale

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第10期22卷 892-896页

作者： Guang-ming CAO Teng-zhi WU Rong XU Zhi-feng LI Fu-xiang WANG Zhen-yu LIU State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University

The influences of coiling temperature and cooling condition on structural transformation of the hot-rolled tertiary oxide scale formed under continuous cooling conditions were studied by thermal gravimetric analyzer. The fourth oxide scale formed under different conditions were classified and plotted. Because the oxide scale structure transformation is diffusion-controlled and the transformation law is similar to ＂C＂ curve, the eutectoid transformation nose temperature is 450 ℃. Under condition of low temperature and high cooling rate, ion diffusion behavior is restricted so that the eutectoid reaction is suppressed, resulting in that the fourth oxide scale is mainly made up of pre-eutectoid Fe304 and FeO without eu- tectoid products. From scale structure transition diagram, the eutectoid reaction process was affected by coiling temperature and cooling rate, leading to various scale structures.

关键词： oxide scale eutectoid transformation continuous cooling coiling temperature cooling rate

Effects of composite oxide scale on oxidation resistance of superalloy K273

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China Foundry 2012年第2期9卷 165-170页

作者： Wang Haitao Tan Jiwen Chu Zhong Yu Huashun School of Mechanical Engineering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao 266033China Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan 250061China

A Si-containing K273 superalloy was made using intermediate frequency induction furnace in the study. In the testing of oxidation resistance, the oxidation process of the alloy specimens during the testing at 900℃ for 500 h was examined by oxidation weight gain method. The morphology and composition of the oxide scales were determined using scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, respectively. The effects of the transferring of ions and electrons on the oxidation resistance were further analyzed microscopically by semiconductor oxide models. The results show that the composite oxide scales consist of Cr203, SiO2 and spinel- type oxide MCr204, with flat and compact structure, and fine grains in uniform distribution. All of these endow the superalloy K273 with strong oxidation resistance. The reason for the powerful oxidation resistance of the composite scale is that the formation process of P＋N type semiconductor oxide enables to consume most of the surplus negative and positive ions in the oxide scales, which makes the number of the mobile ions and electrons dropped enormously, and the transfer rate of them falls heavily. So the oxidation rate of the metal phase in the alloy matrix is reduced significantly.

关键词： superalloy silicon oxide scale oxidation resistance

Study on direct cold rolling of hot rolled austenitic stainless steel SUS 304 with oxide scale

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Baosteel Technical Research 2008年第1期2卷 18-21页

作者： He Shen Shen Jicheng Technology Center for Stainless Steel Baosteel Research Institute Baoshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200431 China

The austenitic stainless steel SUS 304 with oxide scale was directly cold rolled at different reductions of 10%, 20% and 30% respectively. It was proved that the surface quality （lower surface roughness） of the cold rolled products was achieved after subsequent annealing and pickling possesses, compared to the conventional hot rolled No. 1 product, whereas the grain size, mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties were comparable to those of the No. 1 product.

关键词： austenitic stainless steel cold rolling oxide scale