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Immune responses elicited by ssRNA(-) oncolytic viruses in the host and in the tumor microenvironment

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2023年第1期9卷 285-306页

作者： Yonina Bykov Gloria Dawodu Aryana Javaheri Adolfo Garcia-Sastre Sara Cuadrado-Castano Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA Department of Pathology Molecular and Cell-Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA

Oncolytic viruses(OVs)are at the forefront of biologicals for cancer *** represent a diverse landscape of naturally occurring viral strains and genetically modified viruses that,either as single agents or as part of combination therapies,are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical *** the field gains momentum,the research on OVs has been shifting efforts to expand our understanding of the complex interplay between the virus,the tumor and the immune system,with the aim of rationally designing more efficient therapeutic ***,the potential of an OV platform is no longer defined exclusively by the targeted replication and cancer cell killing capacities of the virus,but by its contribution as an immunostimulator,triggering the transformation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)into a place where innate and adaptive immunity players can efficiently engage and lead the development of tumor-specific long-term memory *** we review the immune mechanisms and host responses induced by ssRNA(-)(negative-sense single-stranded RNA)viruses as OV *** focus on two ssRNA(-)OV candidates:Newcastle disease virus(NDV),an avian paramyxovirus with one of the longest histories of utilization as an OV,and influenza A(IAV)virus,a well-characterized human pathogen with extraordinary immunostimulatory capacities that is steadily advancing as an OV candidate through the development of recombinant IAV attenuated platforms.

关键词： Oncolytic virus NDV IAV virotherapy paramyxovirus orthomyxovirus ssRNA(-) immunotherapy cancer vaccine ICD in situ vaccination tumor microenvironment

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