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Bare-throated spurfowl(Pternistis spp.)males across Africa impress females with bright throat colours during courtship

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 416-424页

作者： Johann H.van Niekerk Department of Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversity of South AfricaP.O.Box 392Pretoria0003South Africa

The role of bare body parts in sexual signalling in birds has received relatively little attention.I describe how the bare-throated spurfowl males saturate the colours of their throats to attract females.Of the 23 Afrotropical spurfowl species,the bare-throated subgroup includes Yellow-necked Spurfowl(Pternistis leucosceptus),Rednecked Spurfowl(P.afer),Grey-breasted Spurfowl(P.rufopictus) and Swainson’s Spurfowl(P.swainsonii).The rest of the species include fully feathered throated spurfowls.Throat colour intensity of bare throats was scored using an extensive online digital photographic archive encompassing the four species across the year’s seasons.Each throat(n=836) was assigned to one of four colour-intensity categories to explore the relationship between colour intensities,breeding cycles,and environmental variation.Except for Swainson’s Spurfowl male saturation of throat colours correlated with monthly rainfall,which peaks one or two months before egg laying.Swainson’s Spurfowl peaks during egg laying.Yellow-necked Spurfowl has the largest bare throat.Bare-throated spurfowl males perform an elevated courtship display posture above the female to feature their throat colour.No such displays occur in feather-throated spurfowl.Males with low throat colour saturation harbour more ectoparasites on their bare throats than birds with saturated throats.Male Red-necked Spurfowls have significantly larger bare throats than females.The primary function of bare throats probably assists in thermoregulation,particularly in arid regions.The bare throat may have evolved a secondary role in mating.Yellow-necked,Red-necked,and Greybreasted Spurfowls use their saturated throat colours as ornaments to court females during the breeding season.Unobtrusive female throat colours(unsaturated) may discourage male interlopers and predation during egg laying.Saturation appears to be carotenoid-food based.The different colours among the bare-throated species may serve as prezygotic mechanisms that inhibit cross-breeding and explain why

关键词： Bare-throated spurfowls Breeding Colour saturation ornaments Pternistis spp. Sexual size dimorphism

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Age and sex differences in niche use at molt and its effect on plumage coloration characteristics in a bird

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 251-260页

作者： Emilio PAGANI-NUNEZ Craig R.A.BARNETT Juan Carlos SENAR State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Department of Ecology/School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Department of Zoology Graduate School of Science University of Kyoto Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho Sakio-ku Kyoto Japan Natural History Museum of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Bird plumage is often very colorful and can communicate the quality of the bearer to conspecifics. These plumage-based signals of quality are composed of multiple pigments (e.g., melanin and carote no ids). Therefore, sex and age classes, which often show marked differe nces in plumage coloration, may have different dietary needs for the different plumage components and this might promote pref ere nces for differe nt dietary niches at different molting stages. However, no study has addressed the role that changes in niche use play in the expression of multiple component plumage signals in birds. We used stable isotope analysis to test the hypothesis that niche use is related to age and sex and to differently cultured plumage patches, yellow carotenoid-based and black melanin-based, in great tits Parus major. We recorded high niche overlap between plumage patches, although δ15N was higher in black than yellow plumage. Niche overlap was relatively low for age classes and relatively high for sex classes, and age classes showed a contrasting pattern of niche overlap between carotenoid- and melanin-based plumages. Moreover,δ13C, but not δ15N, had a significant negative relationship with carotenoid-based plumage, which was only apparent in juveniles. Take n together, our results demonstrate that n iche use had a moderate in fluence on plumage coloration characteristics of great tit individuals, mostly associated with δ13C rather than with δ15N and with age rather than with sex. Therefore, our study is significant because it confirms the releva nee of n iche use duri ng orn ame nt production in free-livi ng birds.

关键词： carotenoids great tits melanin multiple ornaments niche overlap stable isotopes

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Quantity versus quality： the sperm war

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 900-901页

作者： Shan Xiao Laixin Xia Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China

精子特点的进化越过种类，和 postcopulatory 多产地表明自己性选择(PSS ) 由女性执行了伴随这个过程。一些精子特点的适应意义(例如，精子的形状和数字) 很好被理解。然而，细菌尺寸的进化充分没被利用。由 Lü 的最近的学习； p... 详细信息

精子特点的进化越过种类，和 postcopulatory 多产地表明自己性选择(PSS ) 由女性执行了伴随这个过程。一些精子特点的适应意义(例如，精子的形状和数字) 很好被理解。然而，细菌尺寸的进化充分没被利用。由 Lü 的最近的学习； pold et al.1 表明更长的精子的进化被女精液的容器和交配频率在果蝇驾驶，接着，它增加好处到女性。这些调查结果关于精子的进化提供全面解释尺寸。

关键词： DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER SEXUAL SELECTION EVOLUTION COMPETITION ornaments WEAPONS

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ornaments & Decorations from Wenzhou

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China's Foreign Trade 1994年第10期 18-18页

ornaments and decorations are a must for people in their daily life and ornaments and decorations for homes are especially favoured. The many traditional stone, wooden, horn and shell sculptures and the newly-develope... 详细信息

关键词： Decorations from Wenzhou ornaments

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