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Selective extraction and separation of Fe,Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期18卷 1233-1240页

作者： LI Feng-mei WANG Xiao-li LI Yu GUO Shu-hai ZHONG Ai-ping Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Department of Environmental Science College of Environment and Resources Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L）＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L）＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.

关键词： surficial sediments selective extraction iron oxides manganese oxides organic materials

Decomposition characteristics of organic materials and their effects on labile and recalcitrant organic carbon fractions in a semi-arid soil under plastic mulch and drip irrigation

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： hu juan wu jinggui qu xiaojing college of resource and environmental science jilin agricultural universityChangchun 130118China

Labile organic carbon （LC） and recalcitrant organic carbon （RC） are two major fractions of soil organic carbon （SOC） and play a critical role in organic carbon turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variations of LC and RC in a semi-arid soil （Inner Mongolia, China） under plastic mulch and drip irrigation after the application of organic materials （OMs）, and to explore the effects of OMs from various sources on LC and RC by probing the decomposition characteristics of OMs using in-situ nylon mesh bags burying method. The field experiment included seven treatments, i.e., chicken manure （CM）, sheep manure （SM）, mushroom residue （MR）, maize straw （MS）, fodder grass （FG）, tree leaves （TL） and no OMs as a control （CK）. Soil LC and RC were separated by Huygens D＇s method （particle size-density）, and the average soil mass recovery rate and carbon recovery rate were above 95%, which indicated this method was suitable for carbon pools size analysis. The LC and RC contents significantly （P〈0.01） increased after the application of OMs. Moreover, LC and RC contents were 3.2%-8.6% and 5.0%-9.4% higher in 2016 than in 2015. The applications of CM and SM significantly increased （P〈0,01） LC content and LC/SOC ratio, whereas they were the lowest after the application of TL. However, SOC and RC contents were significantly higher （P〈0.01） after the applications of TL and MS. The correlation analysis indicated the decomposition rate of OMs was positively related with LC content and LC/SOC ratio. In addition, lignin, polyphenol, WOM （total water-soluble organic matter）, WHA （water-soluble humic acid）, HSL （humicdike substance） and HAL （humic acid-like） contents in initial OMs played important roles in SOC and RC. In-situ nylon mesh bags burying experiment indicated the decomposition rates of CM, SM and MS were significantly higher than those of MR, FG, and TL. Furthermore, MS could result in more lignin derivatives, WHA, and HAL polymers in shorter time

关键词： organic materials labile organic carbon recalcitrant organic carbon decomposition characteristics plasticmulch drip irrigation Inner Mongolia

Structural regulation strategies towards high performance organic materials for next generation aqueous Zn-based batteries

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ChemPhysMater 2022年第2期1卷 86-101页

作者： Diyu Xu Haozhe Zhang Lijun Zhou Xingyuan Gao Xihong Lu MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry The Key Lab of Low-carbon Chem&Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China College of Chemistry and Material Science Engineering Technology Development Center of Advanced Materials&Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in Guangdong Colleges and UniversitiesGuangdong University of EducationGuangzhou 510303China School of Applied Physics and materials Wuyi UniversityJiangmen 529020China

Environmental degradation has promoted the exploitation of novel energy-storage *** en-ergy technologies,including supercapacitors and aqueous batteries,are highly desirable for energy storage *** them,aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZBs)are highly valued because of their inherent safety and low *** class of emerging materials favorably employed in these devices are organic cathodes,featuring resource renewability,cost-effectiveness,and adjustable electrochemical properties via facile structural modi-fication compared to the conventional inorganic *** date,various types of organic compounds have been developed and applied to *** paper comprehensively reviews the mechanisms involved in organic electrode material reactions,highlighting the structural modifications,including morphological,molecular,func-tional group,crystal,and electronic structures,affecting the final device ***,the prospects of practical applications of zinc/organic aqueous battery are delineated.

关键词： Aqueous batteries Zn-based batteries organic materials Structural regulation Morphological structure

Fractionation of Added Cadmium in Submerged Soils asAffected by organic materials

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Pedosphere 1999年第2期9卷 177-184页

作者： WANGGUO GAOSHAN 等 DepartmentofLandandEnvironmentalScience FujianAgriculturalUniversityFuzhou350002China DepartmentofL

The effect of three organic materials (rice straw, Chinese milk vetch and pig manure) on the fractionationof cadmium added into two soils (a red soil and a fiuvo-aquic soil) was studied using submerged incubationexperiment. The organic materials increased soil solid organic carbon (SOC), pH value, the concentration ofactive Si in all the treatments and active Fe and Mn in some treatments. Accumulated SOC caused directlythe increase of Cd bound to solid organic matter and consequently the decrease of exchangeable Cd. Higheractive Si and pH, as well as lower Eh, were also responsible for the reduction of exchangeable Cd. Cd boundto Mn oxide was positively correlated with pH values and rose significatly after one-month incubation, butdecreased after three-month incubstion. Cd bound to amorphous Fe oxide increased with the incubationtime, but was not effected significantly by adding organic materials.

关键词： cadmium fractionation organic materials solid organic carbon (SOC) submerged soil

Review on the Mechanism and Effect of organic materials on Available Pb in Soil

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2018年第3期7卷 137-141,145页

作者： Ding LI Ji WANG Bin XUAN Xiongfei CAI Fengqing HU School of Geographic and Environmental Science Guizhou Normal University

Heavy metal pollution and remediation of soils have drawn much attention. More and more scholars tend to remediate soil heavy metals without affecting the normal agricultural production. By analyzing the mechanism of action of organic materials to remediate Pb pollution in soil,the effect of different organic materials on the passivation of available Pb in soil was summarized,and the prospect was proposed for the future application of organic materials,in order to provide reference for the remediation of Pb and other heavy metals by organic materials.

关键词： organic materials Pb Available Soil Relnediation

Effects of Functional organic materials on Morphological Indexes,Quality and Yield of Watermelon

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第3期13卷 8-10页

作者： Kun CHEN Shuying CHEN Tao JIANG Pan ZHANG Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Shangqiu 476000China Zoucheng Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zoucheng 273500China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore suitable organic compound application models for watermelon growth.[Methods]With watermelon hybrid material"M22×P18"as the test material,the effects of four functional organic materials,namely garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),on the morphological indexes,yield and quality of watermelon were investigated.[Results]Different functional organic materials had different effects on morphological indexes,yield and quality of *** morphological indexes,nutritional quality indexes and yield of watermelon treated with garlic straw and sheep manure compound(T_(3))and onion straw and chicken manure compound(T_(4))were significantly higher than those treated simply with garlic straw(T_(1))and onion straw(T_(2)),and T_(3)performed relatively *** with treatment T_(2),T_(3)showed a stem diameter,vine length and leaf number increasing by 43.05%,46.69%and 40.77%respectively,central sugar and side sugar contents increasing by 11.72%and 21.90%respectively,and a yield increasing by 42.91%,with significant differences from T_(2).[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for high-quality and high-yielding cultivation of watermelon.

关键词： organic materials Watermelon Morphological index Quality yield

Effects of Functional organic materials on Fresh Weight,Quality,Single-melon Weight and SPAD Value of Watermelon

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第4期13卷 54-56页

作者： Kun CHEN Yuefeng ZHAO Xiaoxue REN Mingda YANG Mingjun ZHAO Yumei WANG Xinhua HUANG Hao LIU Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Shangqiu 476000China Suixian Agricultural and Rural Bureau Shangqiu 476000China Yongcheng Agricultural and Rural Bureau Yongcheng 476600China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the experiment,namely four functional organic materials,garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),to investigate the effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon.[Results]The effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were quite *** fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were higher in treatment T_(3)applying garlic straw and sheep manure and treatment T_(4)applying onion straw and chicken manure than in treatment T_(1)applying garlic straw and treatment T_(2)applying onion ***,the fresh weight of whole plant was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 12.83%and 5.94%respectively compared with treatment T_(1);the weight of single melon was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 42.45%and 31.77%respectively compared with treatment T_(2);and the SPAD values of treatments T_(3)and T_(4)were significantly higher than those of treatments T_(1)and T_(2),and the value of treatment T_(3)was the largest.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of fertilization techniques combining organic fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers for watermelon.

关键词： Watermelon organic materials Fresh weight Quality Single-melon weight SPAD value

organic electrode materials for fast-rate,high-power battery applications

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materials Reports(Energy) 2021年第1期1卷 4-25页

作者： Cara N.Gannett Luis Melecio-Zambrano Monica Jo Theibault Brian M.Peterson Brett P.Fors Hector D.Abruna Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA

The development of new battery materials with fast charging/discharging capabilities is necessary to meet the growing demands of modern *** counter ion transport in inorganic materials(generally by de/intercalation)currently limits charge/discharge rates in lithium-ion batteries,the weak intermolecular forces in organic materials result in flexible,spacious structures that offer improved ion transport ***,we present the principles which enable fast rate capabilities in organic electrode materials,accompanied by specific literature examples illustrating exceptional rate *** discuss approaches to material design which support electron and/or ion transport and the limitations associated with each *** review aims to highlight the unique characteristics of organic materials as high-power density electrodes and inspire continued work in the field.

关键词： Energy storage Batteries organic materials High-power Electrochemistry

Effects of Combined Application of Water Retaining Agents and organic materials on Water Holding Characteristics of Yellow Brown Soils in Hilly Areas

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年第9期16卷 1985-1988页

作者：唐玉邦虞利俊徐磊罗佳王东升范如芹裴勤江苏省农业科学院农业设施与准备研究所江苏南京210014 江苏省农业科学院资源与环境研究所江苏南京210014 南京市蔬菜研究所江苏南京210042

[Objective] The aim was to reduce fertilizer and water losses caused by surface runoffs in rainy season and provide scientific references for soil moisture in arid season. [Method] The application proportion of complex water-holding organic materials was determined by multi-factor mixture experiment and the curve changes of soil moisture characters were tested to analyze water-holding capacity and water availability of soils. [Result] The initial moisture content of soil with different mixture proportions improved in varying degrees. For example, when water-retention agents reached 0.4% and 0.6% of soil weight, soil moisture contents were 69.0% and70.5%, respectively, which showed significant differences with the control（S0.0）. Soil dehydration terms in different treatments all extended, prolonging in the range of4.6-14 d. [Conclusion] The applications of water-retention agent and organic material would improve water-holding capacity of hills and low mountains, and initial moisture content and dehydration cycle tend to be volatile upon mixture proportion. Therefore,it is necessary to adjust soil fertility, crop species, and irrigation to meet crop demands on fertilizer and water.

关键词： Water retaining agents organic materials Soils of hilly areas Water characteristics