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Seasonal variation and source apportionment of organic and inorganic compounds in PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) particulates in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第4期25卷 741-750页

作者： Xingru Li Yuesi Wang Xueqing Guo Yingfeng Wang Department of Chemistry Analytical and Testing CenterCapital Normal University State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The distribution and source of the solvent-extractable organic and inorganic components in PM2.5 （aerodynamics equivalent diameter below 2.5 microns）, and PM10 （aerodynamics equivalent diameter below 10 microns） fractions of airborne particles were studied weekly from September 2006 to August 2007 in Beijing. The extracted organic and inorganic compounds identified in both particle size ranges consisted of n-alkanes, PAHs （polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons）, fatty acids and water soluble ions. The potential emission sources of these organic compounds were reconciled by combining the values of n-alkane carbon preference index （CPI）, %waxCn, selected diagnostic ratios of PAHs and principal component analysis in both size ranges. The mean cumulative concentrations of n-alkanes reached 1128.65 ng/m3 in Beijing, 74% of which （i.e., 831.7 ng/m3） was in the PM2.5 fraction, PAHs reached 136.45 ng/m3 （113.44 ng/m3 or 83% in PM2.5）, and fatty acids reached 436.99 ng/m3 （324.41 ng/m3 or 74% in PM2.5）, which resulted in overall enrichment in the fine particles. The average concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4＋ were 21.3 ± 15.2, 6.1 ±1.8, 12.5 ± 6.1 μg/m3 in PM2.5, and 25.8±15.5, 8.9± 2.6, 16.9±9.5 μg/m3 in PM10, respectively. These three secondary ions primarily existed as ammonium sulfate （（NH4）2SO4）, ammonium bisulfate （NH4HSO4） and ammonium nitrate （NH4NO3）. The characteristic ratios of PAHs revealed that the primary sources of PAHs were coal combustion, followed by gasoline combustion. The ratios of stearic/palmitic acid indicated the major contribution of vehicle emissions to fatty acids in airborne particles. The major alkane sources were biogenic sources and fossil fuel combustion. The major sources of PAHs were vehicular emission and coal combustion.

关键词： airborne particles organic compounds size distribution source

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Decomposition of organic compounds in Coke Plant Wastewater by Ultrasonic Irradiation and Its Combined Process

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 421-428页

作者： XUJin-qiu JIAJin-ping WANGJing-wei SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering ShanghaiJiaotongUniversityShanghai200240P.R.China DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering ShanghaiSecondPoly-technicUniversityShanghai201206P.R.China

The paper deals with the degradation of the organic compounds in the coke plant wastewater by the combined process of ultrasonic irradiation and activated sludge. The influence factors of the ultrasonic degradation effect such as air atmosphere, initial concentration, ultrasonic power density and the category and consumption of catalyst were investigated. A water quality model was used to explain the degradation of different kinds of organic compounds in the coke plant wastewater by ultrasonic irradiation. After the wastewater was treated by the combined process of ultrasonic irradiation and activated sludge, the COD degradation efficiency was 95.74%, which is 63.49% higher than that by the process of activated sludge alone.

关键词： Coke plant wastewater organic compounds Ultrasonic irradiation Activated sludge Degradation Water quality model

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Developing the QSPR model for predicting the storage lipid/water distribution coefficient of organic compounds

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 87-94页

作者： Miao Li Jian Li Yuchen Lu Cenyang Han Xiaoxuan Wei Guangcai Ma Haiying Yu College of Geography and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

The distribution of organic compounds in stored lipids affects their migration,transformation,bioaccumulation,and toxicity in *** storage lipid/water distribution coefficient(log K_(lip/w))of organic chemicals,which quantitatively determines such distribution,has become a key parameter to assist their ecological security and health *** to the impossibility to measure K_(lip/w)values for a huge amount of chemicals,it is necessary to develop predictive *** this work,a quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR)model for estimating log K_(lip/w)values of small organic compounds was constructed based on 305 experimental log K_(lip/w)*** chemical descriptors and n-octanol/water partitioning coefficient were employed to characterize the intermolecular interactions that dominate log K_(lip/w)*** hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions and molecular size have been found to play important roles in governing the distribution of chemicals between lipids and aqueous *** regression(R2=0.959)and validation(Q2=0.960)results indicate good fitting performance and robustness of the developed model.A comparison with the predictive performance of other commercial software further proves the higher accuracy and stronger predictive ability of the developed K_(lip/w)predictive ***,it can be used to predict the K_(lip/w)values of cycloalkanes,long-chain alkanes,halides(with fluorine,chlorine,and bromine as substituents),esters(without phosphate groups),alcohols(without methoxy groups),and aromatic compounds.

关键词： Storage lipid/water distribution coefficient log Klip/w organic compounds QSPR Quantum chemical descriptors

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Biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 757-761页

作者： ZHANG Ya-lei ZHAO Jian-fu GU Guo-wei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China.

A group function relation curve between flux(J) and bulk phase concentration of substrate(S) was set up. The biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm is studied(the treatment technology is coagulation/sedimentation-anoxic/aerobic biofilm process), and the results showed that the concentration of non-degradation pollutants in effluent is 77 mg/L. In aerobic zone, the half-rate constant is 72.84 mg/L, the maximum removal rate of organic compounds at unit area filler is very low, 0.089 g/(m 2·d), which corresponds to the fact that there are some biorefractory compounds in the wastewater.

关键词： acrylic fiber wastewater biodegradation kinetic organic compounds biofilm

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Toxicity assessment of heavy metals and organic compounds using CellSense biosensor with ***

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第2期19卷 211-214页

作者： Hong Wang Xue Jiang Wang Jian Fu Zhao Ling Chen State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering ongji University Shanghai 200092 China

A new strategy using an arnperometric biosensor with Escherichia coli （E. coli） that provides a rapid toxicity determination of chemical compounds is described. The CellSense biosensor system comprises a biological component immobilized in intimate contact with a transducer which converts the biochemical signal into a quantifiable electrical signal. Toxicity assessment of heavy metals using *** biosensors could be finished within 30 min and the 50% effective concentrations （ECso） values of four heavy metals were determined. The results shows that inhibitory effects of four heavy metals to *** can be ranked in a decreasing order of Hg^2＋〉 Cu^2＋〉 Zn^2＋〉 Ni^2＋, which accords to the results of conventional bacterial counting method. The toxicity test of organic compounds by using CellSense biosensor was also demonstrated. The CellSense biosensor with E. coli shows a good, reproducible behavior and can be used for reproducible measurements.

关键词： Whole-cell biosensor Heavy metal organic compounds Toxicity

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organic compounds Possessing the Plastic Crystalline Phase: Calculation of Their Fusion Enthalpies

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International Journal of organic Chemistry 2024年第3期14卷 93-106页

作者： Mikhail Yu. Gorbachev Natalia N. Gorinchoy Institute of Chemistry Moldova State University Chiinu Republic of Moldova

For the first time, for different organic and inorganic compounds possessing the plastic crystalline phase, a new semiempirical equation describing dependence of their fusion enthalpies on such physico-chemical quantities as normal melting temperature, surface tension, molar volume and critical molar volume is received on the base of the principle of corresponding states and the energy equipartition theorem. Moreover, the proposed equation allows one to take into account the particularities of one-particle molecular rotation in the plastic crystalline phase.

关键词： Fusion Enthalpies Calculation organic compounds Inorganic compounds Plastic Crystalline Phases

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Mutagenic and Estrogenic Effects of organic compounds in Water Treated by Different Processes: A Pilot Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期28卷 571-581页

作者： LU Yi LYU Xue Min XIAO San Hua YANG Xiao Ming WANG Ya Zhou TANG Fei Institute of Environmental Medicine MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health School of Public HealthTongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University

Objective In this study, a pilot-scale investigation was conducted to examine and compare the biotoxicity of the organic compounds in effluents from five treatment processes (P1-P5) where each process was combination of preoxidation (O3), coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation, granular activated carbon, biological activated carbon and chlorination (NaClO). Methods organic compounds were extracted by XAD-2 resins and eluted with acetone and dichlormethane (DCM). The eluents were evaporated and redissolved with DMSO or DCM. The mutagenicity and estrogenicity of the extracts were assayed with the Ames test and yeast estrogen screen (YES assay), respectively. The organic compounds were detected by GC-MS. Results The results indicated that the mutation ratio (MR) of organic compounds in source water was higher than that for treated water. GC-MS showed that more than 48 organic compounds were identified in all samples and that treated water had significantly fewer types and concentrations of organic compounds than source water. Conclusion To different extents, all water treatment processes could reduce both the mutagenicity and estrogenicity, relative to source water. P2, P3, and P5 reduced mutagenicity more effectively, while P1 reduced estrogenicity, most effectively. Water treatment processes in this pilot plant had weak abilities to remove Di-n-butyl phthalate or 1, 2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid.

关键词： Water treatment processes organic compounds Yeast estrogen screen(YES assay) Ames test GC-MS

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Sorption of organic compounds in Soil organic Matter

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2001年第1期8卷 72-80页

作者： XING Bao-shan,LIU Xiao-bing, SONG Chun-yu ( Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Modernization,Academia Sinica,Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040,P R C) ( Department of Plant and Soil Seinces, University of Massachussetts, Amherst, USA) Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Modernization Academia Sinica Department of Plant and Soil Seinces University of Massachussetts Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Modernization Academia Sinica

Soil organic matter(SOM)is the predominant component for sorption of hydrophobic organic compouds in soil and sorption by SOM ultimately affects chemical fate and availability in soil,and the degree of remedia- tion success of contaminated soils. This paper summarizes the latest development on sorption of organic com- pounds in soil (natural) organic matter,addresses four sorption mechanisms: surface adsorption,solid - phase Partitioning,dual-mode sorption,and fixed-pore sorption model,and presents future research directions as well.

关键词： Sorption Soil organic matter Sorption mechanism organic compounds

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On the organic compounds in water of Mochou Lake and Heart Lake in Larsemann Hills,Antarctica

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 1997年第2期8卷 45-56页

作者：李植生陈旭东张银华梁小民王骥梁彦龄

Information on the organic compounds in water of Mochou Lake and Heart Lake, Antarctica is given in this paper. 93 organic compounds were identified from 121 chemical constituents in lake water, including n alkanes, lipidal isopentadienes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, monocarboxylic acids and phthalic esters in the range of 0.0274.79 μg/L. organic compounds of global occurrence like BHC, DDT and PCBs were detected in the water, at the concentration of 0.0120.356 μg/L.

关键词： Larsemann Hills Mochou Lake Heart Lake organic compounds global pollutants.

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Development of a standardized in vitro approach to evaluate microphysical,chemical,and toxicological properties of combustion-derived fine and ultrafine particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 104-117页

作者： Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio Clement Castilla Cecile Corbiere Helene Lavanant Carlos Afonso Christophe Morin Nadine Merlet-Machour Laurence Chevalier Jean-Marie Vaugeois Jerome Yon Christelle Monteil Normandie Univ UNIROUENUNICAEN ABTE76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCOBRA76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSGPM-UMR663476000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCORIA76000 RouenFrance

Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions(CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial(NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface(ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OCLN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.

关键词： In vitro Air-liquid interface MiniCAST Fine and ultrafine particles organic compounds OC/TC

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