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Fluid Evolution and ore-forming processes of the Jiama Cu Deposit, Tibet： Evidence from Fluid Inclusions

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第1期92卷 127-143页

作者： YAO Xiaofeng LIU Jiajun TANG Juxing ZHENG Wenbao ZHANG Zhi China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Development and Research Center China Geological Survey (CGS) Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resources Assessment MLR Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) Beijing 100037 China Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources China Geological Survey Chengdu 610082 Sichuan China

The Jiama deposit is a large copper deposit in Tibet. Mineralization occurs in three different host rocks： skarn, hornfels and porphyry. A detailed fluid inclusion study was conducted for veins in the different host rocks to investigate the relationship between fluid evolution and ore-forming processes. Based on examination of cores from 36 drill holes, three types of veins （A, B and D） were identified in the porphyries, four types （I, II, III and IV） in the skarn, and three （a, b and c） in the hornfels. The crosscutting relationships of the veins and that of the host rocks suggest two hydrothermal stages, one early and one late stage. Fluid inclusions indicate that the Jiama hydrothermal fluid system underwent at least two episodes of fluid boiling. The first boiling event occurred during the early hydrothermal stage, as recorded by fluid inclusions hosted in type A veins in the porphyries, type a veins in the hornfels, and wollastonite in the skarns. This fluid boiling event was associated with relatively weak mineralization. The second boiling event occurred in the late hydrothermal stage, as determined from fluid inclusions hosted in type B and D veins in the porphyries, type I to IV veins in the skarns, and type b and c veins in the hornfels. This late boiling event, together with mixing with meteoric water, was responsible for more than 90% of the metal accumulation in the deposit. The first boiling only occurred in the central part of the deposit and the second boiling event took place across an entire interlayered structural zone between hornfels and marble. A spatial zoning of ore-elements is evident, and appears to be related to different migration pathways and precipitation temperatures of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Au and Ag.

关键词： fluid inclusion fluid evolution ore-forming processes Jiama deposit Tibet

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