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Mapping Soil Electrical Conductivity Using ordinary Kriging Combined with Back-propagation Network

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第2期29卷 270-282页

作者： HUANG Yajie LI Zhen YE Huichun ZHANG Shiwen ZHUO Zhiqing XING An HUANG Yuanfang Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China) Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality Monitoring Ministry of Land and Resources College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Environment Anhui University of Science and Technology

Accurate mapping of soil salinity and recognition of its influencing factors are essential for sustainable crop production and soil health. Although the influencing factors have been used to improve the mapping accuracy of soil salinity, few studies have considered both aspects of spatial variation caused by the influencing factors and spatial autocorrelations for mapping. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that the ordinary kriging combined with back-propagation network(OK_BP), considering the two aspects of spatial variation, which can benefit the improvement of the mapping accuracy of soil salinity. To test the effectiveness of this approach, 70 sites were sampled at two depths(0–30 and 30–50 cm) in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. ordinary kriging(OK), back-propagation network(BP) and regression kriging(RK) were used in comparison analysis; the root mean square error(RMSE), relative improvement(RI) and the decrease in estimation imprecision(DIP) were used to judge the mapping quality. Results showed that OK_BP avoided the both underestimation and overestimation of the higher and lower values of interpolation surfaces. OK_BP revealed more details of the spatial variation responding to influencing factors, and provided more flexibility for incorporating various correlated factors in the mapping. Moreover, OK_BP obtained better results with respect to the reference methods(i.e., OK, BP, and RK) in terms of the lowest RMSE, the highest RI and DIP. Thus, it is concluded that OK_BP is an effective method for mapping soil salinity with a high accuracy.

关键词： ordinary kriging neural network soil electrical conductivity variability mapping Ningxia,China

SHORT AND SIMPLE How stories from ordinary people hold extraordinary social value

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Beijing Review 2024年第2期67卷 12-17页

作者： Frieda Li 不详

During a two-week trip to my native Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwest China,I contemplated the following question:Born and raised in the region until the age of 18,how can I tell the stories that unfold here to people on the outside?The stories of ordinary locals are very simple,to the point that many people feel they hold no real“news value.”

关键词： ordinary outside northwest

Homophily Exclusion or Homophily Preference? The Influence of the Executive Identity of Nonexecutive Directors on the Focal Firm Executive Pay and ordinary Employee Pay

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2019年第6期10卷 550-567页

作者： Shuai FANG Guanghua School of Management Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The occupational identity of nonexecutive directors exerts a considerable influence on their way of designing and distributing executive pay as well as ordinary employee pay in the focal firm.Integrating the status characteristics theory into the corporate governance literature,I theorize that status contest effect comes into play in the process of setting executive pay in the focal firm,specifically when its nonexecutive directors serve as executives on stakeholders.More often than not,such executive identity triggers the status competition with focal firm executives,which motivates nonexecutive directors to reduce the focal firm executive pay so as to secure and aggrandize their own status within the focal firm.However,since ordinary employees pose no threat to nonexecutive directors in the focal firm,they tend to increase ordinary employee pay.Basing upon the empirical test which adopts the data of China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed firms,I find that the greater the focal firm’s nonexecutive director ratio,the less will be the top executives’pay in the focal firm;the greater the focal firm’s nonexecutive director ratio,the greater will be ordinary employees’pay in the focal firm;the greater the focal firm’s nonexecutive director ratio,the smaller will be the pay gap between top executives and ordinary employees in the focal firm.In addition,I also find that ownership power and gender can moderate the relationship between nonexecutive director ratio and executive pay:top executive ownership can alleviate the negative relationship between focal firm’s nonexecutive directors and top executives’pay;female nonexecutive directors are more likely to increase focal firm’s ordinary employee pay than their male counterparts.

关键词： nonexecutive director status contest executive pay ordinary employee pay

基于ordinary Kriging方法的京津冀地区降水量空间分布研究

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水利科技与经济 2023年第1期29卷 106-110页

作者：赵长周河北省衡水水文勘测研究中心河北衡水053000

以77个国家气象站点降水量观测资料为基础,采用ordinary Kriging方法探究逐月和年降水量空间分布差异。结果表明:(1)京津冀地区降水量空间差异有统计学意义,站点观测记录范围介于394.1~764.9mm,站点间平均值为506.7mm;(2)插值方法拟合... 详细信息

以77个国家气象站点降水量观测资料为基础,采用ordinary Kriging方法探究逐月和年降水量空间分布差异。结果表明:(1)京津冀地区降水量空间差异有统计学意义,站点观测记录范围介于394.1~764.9mm,站点间平均值为506.7mm;(2)插值方法拟合的半方差模型R^(2)介于0.63~0.77之间,块金系数为5.54%~52.25%,区域降水量在空间分布上存在强烈和中度空间自相关性;(3)年内降水量分布呈顺时针变化,年降水量呈现自东向西地带性减少格局;(4)通ordinary Kriding插值法得到京津冀地区逐月和年降水量空间分布数据,发展了稀疏站点数据拓展为空间连续性数据的应用经验。

关键词：降水量空间插值 ordinary

Stochastic Computational Approach for Complex Nonlinear ordinary Differential Equations

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第2期28卷 20-23页

作者： Junaid Ali Khan Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi Department of Electronic Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Air UniversityIslamabadPakistan

We present an evolutionary computational approach for the solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equations(NLODEs).The mathematical modeling is performed by a feed-forward artificial neural network that defines an unsupervised error.The training of these networks is achieved by a hybrid intelligent algorithm,a combination of global search with genetic algorithm and local search by pattern search technique.The applicability of this approach ranges from single order NLODEs,to systems of coupled differential equations.We illustrate the method by solving a variety of model problems and present comparisons with solutions obtained by exact methods and classical numerical methods.The solution is provided on a continuous finite time interval unlike the other numerical techniques with comparable accuracy.With the advent of neuroprocessors and digital signal processors the method becomes particularly interesting due to the expected essential gains in the execution speed.

关键词： technique methods ordinary

The Extraordinary Out of The ordinary——Li Pingfan's Art Diary Collected in the National Art Museum of China

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China & The World Cultural Exchange 2022年第4期88卷 31-34页

作者： Shao Jingjing 不详

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Mr.Li Pingfan.In order to thank him for his donation to the National Art Museum of China(NAMOC),NAMOC has held The Extraordinary Out of The ordinary:Exhibition of ... 详细信息

关键词： ordinary thank Create

Re-recognition of Street from the Perspective of Globalization, Localization, and Marginality: A Review of City, Street and Citizen: The Measure of the ordinary

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China City Planning Review 2019年第2期28卷 73-76页

作者： Liu Jiayan Li Caige Urban Planning Department School of Architecture Tsinghua University

City,Street and Citizen:The Measure of the ordinary Author:Suzanne Hall Year:2012Publisher:Routledge ISBN:978-0-415-68865-9(176 pages,in English)1.City streets from a marginal perspective Streets are the most common space in a city.However,it is these countless streets that constitute the spatial stage for the social life of the general public in a city.Meanwhile,socially speaking,streets also act as an essential part that builds the public sphere of a city.

关键词： The Measure of the ordinary and Marginality A Review of City Street and Citizen

An ordinary Discovery

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Beijing Review 2023年第21期66卷 26-27页

Vice President of Content at Discovery Networks Asia-Pacific and reputed documentary filmmaker,Vikram Channa,first set foot on Chinese soil in 2001 and has since shot more than 300 films in and around the country.

关键词： Discovery soil ordinary

Be Extraordinary in ordinary Positions

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China Oil & Gas 2020年第4期27卷 49-50页

作者： Gong Huaihua Team D of the Operation Department in Qingyang Petrochemical Company

Gong Huaihua is the team leader of Team D of Operation Depar tment I in CNPC Qingyang Petrochemical Company.Team D of the Operation Department,led by Gong Huaihua,has successively won the National May 1 Labor Certificate,Gansu Province May 1st Labor Certificate,CNPC Benchmarking Group,General Manager Special Award,and meritorious service team in activities with over millions of tons of oil.Gong Huaihua has been a Model Worker of Gansu Province,Advanced Producer of the Company,Model Worker of the Company,Model Worker of Qingyang,and Advanced Individual of Safety Production in CNPC.

关键词： CNPC ordinary successively