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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第5期28卷 1384-1396页

作者： Mohammad Dana Mohammad Amin Sobati Shahrokh Shahhosseini Aminreza Ansari School of Chemical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology(IUST)TehranIran

A continuous-flow ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization(UAOD)of partially hydro-treated diesel has been investigated using hydrogen peroxide-formic acid as simple and easy to apply oxidation *** effects of different operating parameters of oxidation stage including residence time(2–24 min),formic acid to sulfur molar ratio(10–150),and oxidant to sulfur molar ratio(5–35)on the sulfur removal have been studied using response surface methodology(RSM)based on Box–Behnken *** the operating costs of the continuous-flow oxidation stage including chemical and electrical energy consumption,the appropriate values of operating parameters were selected as follows:residence time of 16 min,the formic acid to sulfur molar ratio of 54.47,and the oxidant to sulfur molar ratio of *** these conditions,the sulfur removal and the volume ratio of the hydrocarbon phase to the aqueous phase were 86.90%and 4.34,*** drastic reduction in the chemical consumption in the oxidation stage,the volume ratio of the hydrocarbon phase to the aqueous phase was increased up to ***,the formic acid to sulfur molar ratio and the oxidant to sulfur molar ratio were obtained 23.64 and 3.58,respectively,which lead to sulfur removal of 84.38%with considerable improvements on the operating cost of oxidation stage in comparison with the previous works.

关键词： Ultrasound-Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization(UAOD) Continuous-flow system Sulfur removal Response Surface Methodology(RSM) operating cost

The Hum on Reforming China′s Railway operating cost Management System

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2000年第2期10卷 251-256页

作者： OU Guo\|li,\ GAO Pan Department of Economics of Northern Jiaotong University Beijing 100044, China

This article introduces the historical evolution and the realities of china′s railway operating cost management system, then analyzes the various problems in it under current management system. And on the basis of the first two parts, the author gives proper design and advice, trying to be helpful to the great reform of the railway operating cost control system.

关键词： railway operating cost management system

IMPACT OF operating costS ON INVESTMENT STRATEGIES IN NEW TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION WITH A FURTHER NEW TECHNOLOGY ANTICIPATED

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2006年第1期21卷 9-20页

作者： Yin Baojian Hu Shigeng Lei Dongxia Dept. of Math. Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074China.

The adoption of new technologies often represents a crucial component of firms＇ investment decisions. This paper studies a dynamic duopoly model in which two firms compete in adoption of current technology with a further new technology anticipated. Here it is assumed that the operating costs are not zero which has more explanatory power of the real world. There exist three kinds of equilibria that may occur in adoption of current technology, which mainly depends on the level of operating costs and the first-move advantage. It shows that the faster technological substitution or innovation encourages the leader to invest earlier while induces the follower to invest later. Furthermore,like the investment costs,with the increase of operating costs the follower tends to invest later while the leader tends to invest earlier ,the investment thresholds are more sensitive to the change of operating costs than that of investment costs.

关键词： operating cost technological uncertainty preemption real option.

Effect of Ordering Policies on Complex Dynamics Behaviours in a Discrete-Type Manufacturing Industry Supply Chain System

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2018年第6期31卷 195-206页

作者： Wen Wang Wei-Ping Fu Faculty of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi’an University of Technology

The beer game model is a typical paradigm used to study complex dynamics behaviours in production–distribution systems. The model, however, does not accord with current practical supply chain system models in discrete?type manufacturing industry, which are generally composed of retailers, distributors, manufacturers with internal sup?ply chain, and suppliers. To describe how ordering policies influence the complex dynamics behaviour modes and operating cost in a general discrete?type manufacturing industry supply chain system, a high dimension piecewise?linear dynamics model is built for the supply chain system. Five kinds of ordering policy combination are considered. The distribution of both the largest Lyapunov exponent of e ective inventory and average operating cost per cycle is obtained by simulation in a policy space. The simulation shows that for the general discrete?type manufacturing industry supply chain system, the upper chaotic corners emerge besides the lower chaotic corners in the policy space expressing the distribution of system behaviour mode, and that the ordering policies at each supply chain node as well as their combination have very significant e ect on the topology of the distribution of both system behaviour mode and operating cost in the policy space. We find that chaos is not always corresponding to high cost, and the "chaos amplification" is not completely relevant to the "cost amplification".

关键词： Supply chain system Ordering policy operating cost Nonlinear dynamics behavior

Hybrid intelligence approach for multi-load level reactive power planning using VAR compensator in power transmission network

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2021年第1期6卷 330-346页

作者： Nihar Karmakar Biplab Bhattacharyya Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(ISM)Dhanbad826004India

This paper formulates and solves a techno-economic planning problem of reactive power (VAR) in power transmission systems under loadings. The objective of the proposed research work is to minimize the combination of installation cost of reactive power sources, power losses and operational cost while satisfying technical constraints. Initially, the positions for the placement of reactive power sources are determined technically. Different cost components such as VAR generation cost, line charging cost etc. are then added in the total operating cost in a most economical way. Finally, the optimal parameter setting subjected to reactive power planning (RPP) is obtained by taking advantages of hybrid soft computing techniques. For the justification of the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed approach the entire work is simulated on two inter-regional transmission networks. To validate the robustness and ease of the soft computing techniques in RPP the responses of benchmark functions and statistical proof are provided simultaneously.

关键词： Active power loss Reactive power planning Hybrid algorithm Line charging operating cost

Optimal Scheduling for Flexible Regional Integrated Energy Systemwith Soft Open Point

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第5期131卷 1101-1123页

作者： Wen Xu Dongdong Ren Biyi Yi Haoqing Zhen Youbing Zhang Xuesong Zhang Zhejiang Huayun Electric Power Engineering Design&Consulting Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310026China College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310023China Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company Hangzhou310014China

The Regional Integrated Energy System(RIES)has brought new modes of development,utilization,conversion,storage of *** introduction of Soft Open Point(SOP)and the application of Power to Gas(P2G)technology will greatly deepen the coupling of the electricity-gas integrated energy system,improve the flexibility and safety of the operation of the power system,and bring a deal of benefits to the power *** this background,an optimal dispatch model of RIES combined cold,heat,gas and electricity with SOP is ***,RIES architecture with SOP and P2G is designed and its mathematical model also is ***,on the basis of considering the optimal scheduling of combined cold,heat,gas and electricity,the optimal scheduling model for RIES was *** that,the original model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model by using linearization and second-order cone relaxation techniques,and the CPLEX solver is invoked to solve the optimization ***,the modified IEEE 33-bus systemis used to analyze the benefits of SOP,P2G technology and lithium bromide absorption chillers in reducing systemnetwork loss and cost,as well as improving the system’s ability to absorb wind and solar and operating safety.

关键词： Regional integrated energy system power to gas soft open point wind and photovoltaic power permeation lithium bromide chiller operating cost

The Calculation Model for Operation cost of Coal Resources Development Based on ANN

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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2004年第1期14卷 98-103页

作者：刘海滨 School of Management CUMT Beijing 100083 China

On the basis of analysis and selection of factors influencing operation cost of coal resources development, fuzzy set method and artificial neural network (ANN) were adopted to set up the classification analysis model of coal resources. The collected samples were classified by using this model. Meanwhile, the pattern recognition model for classifying of the coal resources was built according to the factors influencing operation cost. Based on the results achieved above, in the light of the theory of information diffusion, the calculation model for operation cost of coal resources development has been presented and applied in practice, showing that these models are reasonable.

关键词： operating cost artificial neural network (ANN) calculating model

Development Trend and Revelations Regarding the Oil and Gas Upstream Sector

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China Oil & Gas 2017年第1期24卷 42-47页

作者： Hou Mingyang Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute

Since July 2014,when the international oil price slumped,the upstream sector of global oil and gas industry has experienced a tough transformation phase lasting over two *** terms of the development trend,the global upstream sector has demonstrated six characteristics since 2017:firstly,global upstream investment will probably demonstrate the trend of "touching the ground and rising again";secondly,upstream operating costs will continually decline;thirdly,more favorable finance and taxation clauses will be offered for some resources to be developed through foreign cooperation;fourthly,global oil and gas output will probably further increase;fifthly,upstream exploration efficiency is anticipated to steadily increase;and sixthly,upstream geological understandings,theory and technology will continue to *** accordance with the above-mentioned development trends,Chinese oil enterprises must be prepared in four aspects for future ***,persistent upstream investment has to be guaranteed,particularly in the exploration field;secondly,upstream operation efficiency must be promoted through the enhancement of technical research;thirdly,overseas upstream property must be purchased within the "time window";and fourthly,reforms have to be carried out to realize transformation in the petroleum industry.

关键词： Upstream investment operating cost Finance and taxation clause Exploration efficiency Purchasing