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The sedimentological characteristics of microbialites of the Cambrian in the vicinity of Beijing,China

Journal of Palaeogeography 2017年第2期6卷 117-131页

作者： Yin- Ye Wu Tian-Shu Zhang Jia-Lei Lü Yan Liu Department of Petroleum Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentPetroChinaBeijing 100083China School of Earth Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027Zhejiang ProvinceChina

With oil and gas exploration transferring to deeper and more ancient marine strata,more researches have been conducted about the Meso—Neoproterozoic and Cambrian microbial carbonate rocks by petroleum *** Cambrian deposits experienced the first transgression of the Paleozoic,with shallow marine facies depositing in most areas,which are favorable for different kinds of biological *** Lower Cambrian in Beijing area is lithologically dominated by purple red shales interbedded with limestones,the Middle Cambrian is mainly composed of thick oolitic limestones,and the Upper Cambrian consists of thin limestones and flat-pebble *** beds of microbial carbonate rocks were discovered in the Cambrian outcrops in the vicinity of *** is from the Zhangxia Formation of Middle Cambrian,and the other is from the Gushan Formation of Upper *** microbialites are characterized by combination of multiple stromatolites forming different *** bioherms are mostly in oval shape and with different sizes,which are 3-4 m long,and 1-3 m *** surrounding strata beneath the bioherms are oolitic limestones.A central core of flat-pebble conglomerates occurred within each *** or columnar stromatolites grow on the basis of flat-pebble conglomerates,with dentate erosional *** bioherm carbonate rocks are interpreted as products from a deep ramp sedimentary environment where potential oil and gas reservoirs can be *** analysis of sedimentological characteristics of bioherm carbonate rocks and its lithofacies palaeogeography has significant implication for petroleum *** on geological record of microbialites is beneficial to investigating the Earth evolution,biodiversity,palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate change,as well as biological extinction event during geological *** also gives warning to human beings of modern biological crisis.

关键词： Cambrian Stromatolite Bioherm Microbialite oil and gas reservoir Marine sedimentary environment Beijing

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Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2 (1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102249, China 2. The Institute of oil and gas Exploration and Development, Tarim oilfield Company, PetroChina Company Limited, Korla 841000, China) Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China Petroleum University Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China The Institute of oil and gas Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla 841000 China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt Tarim basin.

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Effect of Cassava Starch and Sodium Carbonate on the Properties of Local Drilling Mud: Beneficiation to Improve the Rheological and Flow Properties of Locally Formulated Mud

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2022年第1期12卷 13-25页

作者： Andrew Odeh Redemption Edegbe Eghe Oyedoh Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Benin Benin Nigeria

Drilling mud is a key component in drilling operations and in accessing oil and gas reservoirs. Bentonite is applied as a viscosifier, fluid loss control agent, and as a weighting material in water-based drilling mud. The type of bentonite used in drilling mud formulation is sodium bentonite due to its high dispersion properties and high swelling capacity. Nigeria has a huge bentonite clay deposit resources which can be evaluated and enhanced in order to be utilized as drilling mud. However, bentonite clay from different parts of Nigeria was investigated and found to be calcium bentonite which is not suitable for drilling mud, because it has low swelling capacity and poor rheological properties. In this study, local bentonite obtained from Afuze, Edo state was used to formulate different samples of drilling mud with each treated using thermo-chemical beneficiation process with sodium carbonate and cassava starch, and then undergo characterization to identify the changes in physical properties and finally, draw comparison with API values for standard drilling mud. The results obtained from this study indicates that, the flow and rheological properties of the beneficiated drilling mud developed through thermo-chemical treatment, showed significant improvement compared to the untreated mud. Therefore, pure calcium bentonite from natural deposits in Nigeria can be modified to sodium bentonite and sufficiently used in drilling mud formulation.

关键词： Drilling Mud Bentonite Clay Beneficiation Cassava Starch Rheological Properties Characterization oil and gas reservoir

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