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Ecological offsetting in China's Coastal Wetlands: Existing Challenges and Strategies for Future Improvement

Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第2期29卷 202-213页

作者： YU Shuling CUI Baoshan XIE Chengjie MA Xu MAN Ying NING Zhonghua State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University

Land-use changes in coastal wetlands have led to a worldwide degradation of marine coastal ecosystems and a loss of the ecological services they provide. Ecological offsetting is a popular strategy and an effective mitigation measure for ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged, or destroyed and is critical for habitats where natural recovery is hindered. However, the current understanding of the theory and practice of ecological offsetting for coastal wetlands is extremely limited in many developing countries. We conducted a review of ecological offsetting for coastal wetlands projects and studies in China in 1979–2017 to explore the application and limitations of ecological offsetting theory. It was found that China's coastal ecological offsetting regime has recently entered a rapidly developing stage, with an increasing number of different types of offsetting projects conducted, but theoretical research lags behind practical applications. Considerable governmental, social, technological and ethical challenges remain to resolve. Coastal ecological offsetting schemes have been inconsistent in meeting conservation objectives or preventing net losses because of the challenges of ensuring they are fully consistent in practice(mainly in-kind offsets) and theory(mainly out-of-kind offsets). Ecological offsetting projects were primarily implemented by government, developers, and non-profit organizations. The available funding of coastal ecological offsetting projects is insufficient, which makes ecological offsetting a risky operation. Therefore, we propose strategies for improvement that integrate the consideration of theoretical and practical challenges in the offsetting process, while providing a scientific basis and directional guidance for the future practice of biodiversity conservation and environmental management.

关键词： ecological offsetting biodiversity offset coastal wetlands no net loss mitigation restoration

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Biochar application to temperate grasslands:challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 574-584页

作者： Robert W.Brown David R.Chadwick Tom Bott Helen M.West Paul Wilson Genevieve R.Hodgins Colin E.Snape Davey L.Jones School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorLL572UWGwyneddUK School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE125RDUK Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamJubilee CampusNottinghamNG72TUUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteSoilsWestMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia

Grasslands(natural,semi-natural and improved)occupy approximately one-third of the terrestrial biosphere and are key for global ecosystem service provision,storing up to 30%of soil organic carbon(SOC).To date,most research on soil carbon(C)sequestration has focused on croplands where the levels of native soil organic matter(SOM)are typically low and significant potential exists to replenish SOM ***,with the renewed push to achieve“net zero”C emissions by 2050,grasslands may offer an additional C store,utilising tools such as ***,we critically evaluate the potential for biochar as a technology for increasing grassland C stocks,identifying a number of practical,economic,social and legislative challenges that need to be addressed before the widescale adoption of biochar may be *** critically assess the current knowledge within the field of grassland biochar research in the context of ecosystem service provision and provide opinions on the applicability of biochar as an amendment to different types of grassland(improved,semi-improved and unimproved)and the potential effect on ecosystem provision using a range of application techniques in the topsoil and *** concluded that the key question remains,is it possible for managed grasslands to store more C,without causing a loss in additional ecosystem services?To address this question future research must take a more multidisciplinary and holistic approach when evaluating the potential role of biochar at sequestering C in grasslands to mitigate climate change.

关键词： Pastureland Carbon storage Greenhouse gas emissions offsetting

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Analysis of the Chemical Safety Facility Investment Performance in China

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2015年第1期5卷 102-109页

作者： Kang Sun Long Bai Xiaohong Li Center for Studies of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development Liaoning Normal University Dalian China

This paper adopts the accident incidence, the gross industry output value, the investment in safety facilities, and per capita wage of employment as the indexes to empirically analyze the investment performance of chemical safety facilities using time series data by VECM in China. The empirical results indicate that for China’s chemical industry, increasing investment fails to improve the short-term safety level significantly because of the offsetting behavior of workers. Over the long term, the offsetting behavior tends to disappear, and the chemical accident incidence can be decreased through increasing investment. Poor safety awareness among workers is one of the causes of accident incidences. The conclusions provide theoretical support for China to perfect chemical industry safety management.

关键词： Chemical Safety Management Peltzman Effect offsetting Behavior VECM

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Voronoi Approach to Recursive Generation of Tool Path for SLS

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Computer Aided Drafting,Design and Manufacturing 2008年第2期18卷 13-20页

作者： QIAN Bo,ZHANG Li-chao,SHI Yu-sheng, LIU Bing (State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

Assuming that a Voronoi diagram of slice area is obtained, topological structures of all Voronoi edges and Voronoi polygons are used to accelerate the offsetting process. Once walk line intersects with one of Voronoi edges of the starting Voronoi object, the next starting Voronoi object is acquired through the topology relationship. Experimental results show the approach is effective and simple.

关键词： CAD/CAM offsetting Voronoi diagram recursive selective laser sintering

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