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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第1期10卷 22-36页

作者： Mariane Pinto Brandalise Eduardo Grala da Cunha Larissa Cristina de Oliveira Laboratory of Comfort and Energy Efficiency Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010-020 Brazil

The RTQ-C （Technical Requirements of Quality for the Energy Performance Level of Commercial buildings） publication classified the buildings in five efficiency levels. In RTQ-C, the evaluation can be done with two methods： a prescriptive method and a simulation one. This paper aims to identify the sensibility of the prescriptive method RTQ-C regarding the variation of equipment internal load density in office buildings in bioclimatic Zones I and 7 of the Brazilian bioclimatic zoning. The research results show that the building with walls and roof configured to meet specific prerequisites for energy efficiency Levels B and C had a lower consumption than buildings that meet the prerequisites to Level A. The study also showed that buildings with high internal load density of equipment, maximum shape factor and high, with walls and roofs with higher thermal transmittance, have lower power consumption than constructions with an envelope with greater thermal resistance. The increase in internal load density causes an increase in the internal heat generated by the large amount of equipment. In buildings with higher thermal insulation （Level A）, the internal heat is maintained in the environment, causing overheating and the need for an air conditioning system.

关键词： RTQ-C internal load density office buildings energy modeling energy efficiency in buildings.

Consumer Central Energy Flexibility in office buildings

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第10期11卷 621-630页

作者： Joy Dalmacio Billanes Zheng Ma Bo Norregaard Jorgensen Center for Energy Informatics Mcersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense MDenmark

Energy flexibility in buildings will play an important role in the smart energy system. office buildings have more potentials to provide energy flexibility to the grid compared to other types of buildings, due to the existing building management, control systems and large energy consumption. Consumers in office buildings （building owners/managers and occupants） take a main role for adopting and engaging in building energy flexibility. This paper provides a systematic review of consumer central energy flexibility in office buildings with the discussion of social, technical and business aspects. This paper clarifies the correlations of consumers＇ concems, external influential factors, energy flexibility resources and technology with eight hypotheses. This paper suggests that technical solutions with the integration of distributed energy resources, building management and control system can boost energy flexibility in the office buildings.

关键词： Energy flexibility office buildings occupants building managers hypotheses.

The Structural Behavior of Low/Medium/High Rise Concrete office buildings in Kuwait

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2010年第10期4卷 59-65页

作者： Tarek A. Awida Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

The main concern of this paper is to provide an extensive study for the structural behavior of low/medium/high rise office buildings aiming to deepen structure and architect designers understanding for such type of buildings. The study is performed on reinforced concrete and emphasized only on Kuwait city conditions for wind. Regular layout plan building with different heights ranging from five to fifty typical office stories are investigated in this study. Three dimensional finite element techniques through ETABS software are used in conducting analysis for structures presented here-in. A serviceability study is performed to ensure that buildings have sufficient stability to limit lateral drift and peak acceleration within the acceptable range of occupancy comfort. In addition, an ultimate strength study is carried out to design and verify that all the structural elements are designed to withstand factored gravity and lateral loadings in a safe manner according to the international building codes. The building slenderness ratio and the building core size and location are the studied parameters since they are the key drivers for the efficient structural design. Analysis results are presented and discussed and finally conclusions are summarized as guidelines for designers of concrete office buildings in Kuwait.

关键词： Low/medium/high-rise structures office buildings finite element reinforced concrete analysis and design.

Directionally selective shading control in maritime sub-tropical and temperate climates:Life cycle energy implica-tions for office buildings

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建筑节能(中英文) 2016年第8期 128-128页

作者： Myles E.Bunning Robert H.Crawford 侯恩哲

Scheduling directionally selective shading devices to increase or decrease their level of occlusion relative to the total incoming solar radiation has the benefit of controlling solar heat gain during a variety of sky conditions and allowing more constant illuminance levels to be achieved within a *** this study,hourly sky condition and annual solar angles were used to describe the tilt of the slats of an external directionally selective shading control for an external venetian blind on an office building in Mel-bourne and Brisbane,*** life cycle energy demand associated with this shading control was compared to a static base case with an external overhang and internal *** analysis was extended to the HVAC system which was sized to account for the effect of the shading on solar gain and the artificial lighting *** was found that the embodied energy of the HVAC and shading components accounted for between 21.7%and 25.5%of the total life cycle energy of these systems over 25 *** was a reduction in embodied and operational energy requirements over a 25 year life cycle for the external venetian blind control of24.9%for Melbourne and 24.0%for Brisbane relative to the static base *** on the simulation results,office buildings with equator facing facades located in similar climates and latitudes may have the potential for equivalent life cycle energy reductions when external directionally selective shading controls are employed to moderate overheating and daylighting.

关键词： Venetian shading Embodied energy Directionally selective shading Life cycle energy office buildings

Climate change induced heat stress impact on workplace productivity in a net zero-carbon timber building towards the end of the century

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Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 893-906页

作者： Deepak Amaripadath Mattheos Santamouris Shady Attia School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Urban Climate Research Center Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA School of Built Environment University of New South Wales2052SydneyAustralia Sustainable Building Design Lab Department of UEEFaculty of Applied SciencesUniversity of Liege4000LiegeBelgium

Changing climate intensifies heat stress,resulting in a greater risk of workplace productivity decline in timber office buildings with low internal thermal *** impact of climate change induced heat exposure on indoor workplace productivity in timber office buildings has not been extensively ***,further investigation to reduce the work capacity decline towards the end of the century is ***,heat exposure in a net zero-carbon timber building near Brussels,Belgium,was evaluated using a reproducible comparative approach with different internal thermal mass *** analysis indicated that strategies with increased thermal mass were more effective in limiting the effects of heat exposure on workplace *** medium and high thermal mass strategies reduced workplace productivity loss to 0.1%in the current,0.3%and 0.2%in the midfuture,and 4.9%and 3.9%for future *** comparison,baseline with low thermal mass yielded a decline of 2.3%,3.3%,and 8.2%.The variation in maximum and minimum wet-bulb globe temperatures were also lower for medium and high thermal mass strategies than for low thermal mass *** study findings lead to the formulation of design guidelines,identification of research gaps,and recommendations for future work.

关键词： heat exposure office buildings work capacity thermal mass climate change

On the applicability of various levels of detail for occupant behavior representation and modeling in building performance simulation

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Building Simulation 2023年第8期16卷 1481-1498页

作者： Jeetika Malik Handi Chandra Putra Kaiyu Sun Tianzhen Hong Building Technology and Urban System Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Occupant behavior(OB)is one of the significant sources of uncertainty in building performance *** OB modeling has received increased attention in the past decade,research on the degree of granularity or level of detail(LoD)required for representing occupants is still in the nascent *** paper analyzes the modeling and applicability of three LoDs to represent occupants in building performance assessment.A medium-sized prototype office building located in Chicago,Illinois is used as the simulation case *** occupant-centric attributes are adopted to develop the LoDs for OB *** first demonstrate the different modeling approaches required for simulating the three fidelity ***,we illustrate the suitability of the developed LoDs in supporting six building performance use cases across different lifecycle *** study intends to provide guidance for the building simulation community on appropriate OB representation to support various use cases.

关键词： occupant behavior agent-based modeling building performance simulation level of detail fit-for-purpose office buildings

Cost Estimate and Input Energy of Floor Systems in Low Seismic Regions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2159-2173页

作者： Sayed Mahmoud Alaa Salman Department of Civil and Construction Engineering College of EngineeringImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam 31441Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Reinforced concrete(RC)as a material is most commonly used for buildings *** floor systems are available following the structural and architectural *** current research study provides cost and input energy comparisons of RC office buildings of different floor *** solid,ribbed,flat plate and flat slab systems are considered in the *** models in three-dimensional using extended threedimensional analysis of building systems(ETABS)and in two-dimensional using slab analysis by the finite element(SAFE)are developed for analysis *** and design using both software packages and manual calculations are employed to obtain the optimum sections and reinforcements to fit cities of low seismic intensities for all the considered building *** ground motion records of low peak ground acceleration(PGA)levels are used to excite the models to measure the input *** cost estimating system is adopted to categorize building components according to 12 ***,Microsoft(MS)Project is utilized to identify the construction cost and duration of each building *** study shows that floor system significantly causes changes in the input energy to *** addition,the slight increase in the PGA increases the amount of input energy particularly flat plate *** cost of the flat plate system that the flat slab system is of higher value as compared to ribbed and conventional slab *** use of drop panels increases this value as ***,the estimated cost of the ribbed slab system exceeds that of conventional system.

关键词： Uniformat system office buildings floor systems energy response cost estimating

AN INVESTIGATION INTO TENANT ORGANIZATIONS' WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR THE INTANGIBLE VALUE-ADDED BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE buildings:CASE STUDY IN SINGAPORE

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第3期10卷 191-213页

作者： Irene Y.L.Lee Huiyu Chen Robert L.K.Tiong Building Research Institute Housing&Development Board480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh Singapore 310480 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversityBlock N1Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639789

This research aims to understand the demand for sustainable buildings by inves-tigating the tenant organizations’willingness-to-pay(WTP)behavior towards the value-added benefits(VABs).Tenant organizations refer to tenants operating in office buildings on tenancy *** groups of factors of tenant organi-zations’WTP for the VABs are identified:(1)Organization Characteristics,(2)Current Premises,(3)Building Characteristics,(4)Satisfaction of the VABs Expe-rienced,(5)Perception,and(6)Knowledge of Sustainability Issues,Building Sus-tainability Rating Systems and Building Impacts.A survey was conducted on the tenant organizations operating in office buildings located in the city area of *** hypothesized relationship between the tenant organizations’WTP for the VABs and its factors were tested using a series of statistical techniques on the data collected from the *** is found that older tenant organizations tend to have lower WTP for the VABs of improved health and comfort of their ***,tenant organizations also have demand for sustainable buildings mainly due to the positive organizational image that sustainable buildings help to *** addition,it is found that the current building sustainability rating systems are inadequate for communicating the sustainability benefits to building occupants and for achieving building ***,the investigation reveals that the use of sustainable technologies is not as important as how the building is being managed during its operational stage for ensuring building sustainability *** findings from this study are useful for channeling the sustainability efforts of the building industry to more effective areas.

关键词： Sustainable buildings Intangible Value-added Benefits Willingness-to-pay Tenant Organizations office buildings Indoor Environment Quality

EVALUATION OF PV POWERED SWITCHABLE GLAZING TECHNOLOGIES IN TERMS OF THEIR SUITABILITY FOR office WINDOWS IN MODERATE CLIMATES

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Journal of Green Building 2021年第4期16卷 81-110页

作者： Janusz Marchwiński University of Ecology and Management in Warsaw.Faculty of Architecture Poland 00-792 WarszawaOlszewska str.12

In the search for façade solutions that meet requirements for energy efficiency and office space use comfort,it seems promising to apply a combination of photovoltaic(PV)technology with switchable *** is believed that the merging of these two technologies might benefit the cooperation between regulated solar protection and energy *** article provides a design outlook on the use of PV-EC,PV-SPD,and PV-LCD technologies in terms of their utility for office buildings in moderate *** study concerns thermal,optical-visual,energetic,and technical issues,and a comparative method was *** on current scientific research,the results of the analysis were juxtaposed with the requirements of the office working environment:natural lighting,thermal protection,glare protection,privacy control,energy efficiency,and technical *** juxtaposition of these aspects revealed the advantages and disadvantages of a given solution from an architectural point of ***-EC technology in a side-by-side system was found to be the most appropriate solution and the results may be applied to make preliminary design decisions.

关键词： PV technology switchable glazing office buildings PV windows energy-efficient architecture

Analysis of the CPMV index for evaluating indoor thermal comfort in southern China in summer,a case study in Nanjing

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第1期11卷 103-113页

作者： Chengcheng Xu Shuhong Li College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric PowerHangzhou310018China School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China

With the rapid development of building technology,transparent envelope is more and more widely used,which makes the indoor environment of buildings more and more affected by solar ***,the effects of solar radiation are not included in the PMV *** Corrected Predicted Mean Vote(CPMV)model considering solar radiation was previously proposed and verified in northern *** order to expand the applicability of the CPMV model to the hot summer and cold winter(HSCW)zone of southern China,a field study was conducted in an office building in Nanjing.A total of 686 valid questionnaires were recovered during the surveys in two summers in 2019 and *** results show that the evaluation value of CPMV is highly consistent with the actual thermal sensation vote(TSV)when the corrected operative temperature is below 30℃.However,when the corrected operative temperature is above 30℃,the CPMV value is higher than TSV,because it underestimates the tolerance of human body to the hot environment in *** thermal neutral temperature is 26.12℃(CPMV)and 26.28℃(TSV)respectively,which is higher than that in winter and summer in northern *** study fills the blank in the application of CPMV model in southern *** CPMV model can accurately evaluate the thermal comfort of indoor environment affected by solar radiation,which is worthy of promotion and application to other types of buildings and areas.

关键词： Thermal comfort CPMV model office buildings Solar radiation