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Sulfate reduction behavior in pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 545-555页

作者： Dongsheng Shen Haomin Zhou Zhiyuan Jin Wenyi Yang Manting Ci Yuyang Long Lifang Hu Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling School of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstrumental Analysis CenterZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310012China College of Quality and Safety Engineering Institution of Industrial Carbon MetrologyChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Attention should be paid to the sulfate reduction behavior in a pressure-bearing leachate saturated *** this study,within the relative pressure range of 0–0.6 MPa,the ambient temperature with the highest sulfate reduction rate of 50℃ was selected to explore the difference in sulfate reduction behavior in a pressure-bearing leachate saturated *** results showed that the sulfate reduction rate might further increase with an increase in pressure;however,owing to the effect of pressure increase,the generated hydrogen sulfide (H_(2)S) could not be released on time,thereby decreasing its highest concentration by approximately 85%,and the duration extended to about two times that of the atmospheric *** community structure and functional gene abundance analyses showed that the community distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria was significantly affected by pressure conditions,and there was a negative correlation between disulfide reductase B(dsrB) gene abundance and H_(2)S release *** sulfate reduction processes that do not require disulfide reductase A (dsrA) and dsrB genes may be the key pathways affecting the sulfate reduction rate in the pressure-bearing leachate saturated *** study improves the understanding of sulfate reduction in landfills as well as provides a theoretical basis for the operation and management of landfills.

关键词： Landfill Pressure Leachate saturated zone Sulfate reduction odors Microbial community

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Release of volatile organic compounds during bio-drying of municipal solid waste

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第5期22卷 752-759页

作者： Pinjing He,Jiafu Tang,Dongqing Zhang,Yang Zeng,Liming ShaoState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. [a] State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Three treatments were tested to investigate the release concentrations of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） during the bio-drying of municipal solid waste （MSW） by the aerobic and combined hydrolytic-aerobic *** showed that VOCs were largely released in the first 4 days of bio-drying and the dominant components were：dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,benzene,2-butanone,limonene and methylene ***,the combined hydrolytic-aerobic process was suggested for MSW bio-drying due to fewer aeration quantities in this phase when compared with the aerobic process,and the treatment strategies should base on the key properties of these prominent *** sulfur compounds and terpenes were mainly released in the early phase of bio-drying,whereas,two peaks of release concentrations appeared for aromatics and ketones during ***,for the combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes there were also high concentrations of released aromatics in the shift from hydrolytic to aerobic *** concentrations of released chlorinateds were observed in the later *** the VOCs produced during MSW bio-drying,i.e.,malodorous sulfur compounds,terpenes and chlorinateds,their release concentrations were mainly determined by production rates;for the VOCs presented initially in MSW,such as aromatics,their transfer and transport in MSW mainly determined the release concentrations.

关键词： bio-drying municipal solid waste odors release concentration volatile organic compounds

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The duration of sociosexual behaviors in male meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus varies before, during, and after copulation

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 43-49页

作者： Ashlee A. VAUGHN Daniel A. FERKIN Javier delBARCO-TRILLO Michael H. FERKIN Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Box 90383 Durham NC 27708 USA

The behaviors that surround copulation are characterized as sociosexual behaviors. These behaviors displayed by males that are directed at females may include allogrooming, wrestling, chasing, approach, and time spent together. The data supported the hypothesis that the duration of sociosexual behaviors differs during the pre-copulatory, peri-copulatory, and post-copulatory phases of the mating bout in meadow voles. Voles spent more time approaching conspecifics during the pre- and peri-copulatory phases than during the post-copulatory phase. Voles spent more time allogrooming, wrestling, and chasing during the pre-copulatory phase than during the peri- and post-copulatory phases. Voles spent similar amounts of time together during the pre-, peri-, and post-copulatory phases. The data suggest that sociosexual behaviors displayed by males may be involved in set- ring the pace and temporal components of the mating bout. During the pre-copulatory phase particular behaviors by male voles may attract females, during the peri-copulatory phase some of these behaviors may stimulate or motivate the female to mate, and during the post-copulatory phase certain behaviors may prepare the male to mate again

关键词： Copulatory behavior Meadow voles odors Sociosexual behavior

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Diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspacevolatile organic compounds

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1639-1649页

作者： Daniel K Chan Cadman L Leggett Kenneth K Wang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. Despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the VOCs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. These are the gases that vary among individuals in sickness and in health, in dietary changes, and in gut microbial activity. Electronic nose devices are analytical and pattern recognition platforms that can utilize mass spectrometry or electrochemical sensors to detect these VOCs in gas samples. When paired with machine-learning and pattern recognition algorithms, this can identify patterns of VOCs, and thus patterns of smell, that can be used to identify disease states. In this review, we provide a clinical background of VOC identification, electronic nose development, and review gastroenterology applications toward diagnosing disease by the volatile headspace analysis of stool.

关键词： Electronic nose Volatile organic compounds Feces Mass spectrometry odors

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