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Target observations for improving initialization of high-impact ocean-atmospheric environmental events forecasting

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National Science Review 2015年第2期2卷 226-236页

作者： Mu Mu Wansuo Duan Dake Chen Weidong Yu Institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences First Institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration SOED Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration

In this paper, we emphasize the importance of accurate initial conditions in predicting high-impact ocean-atmospheric environmental events, such as El Nin?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), Indian ocean Dipole(IOD), tropical cyclone(TC), and Kuroshio large meander(KLM), by reviewing recent progresses toward target observations for improving the initialization of these events forecasting. Since ield observations are costly and will never be dense enough to fully cover the vast space of these events, it is necessary to develop methodologies that guide the design of eicient and efective observation strategy. Of particular interest is a method called conditional non-linear optimal perturbation(CNOP), which has been shown to be very useful in determining the sensitive areas for target observations applicable to the predictions of ENSO, IOD, TC, and KLM. Further studies are needed to understand the predictability of these events under the inluence of climate change, and to explore the possibility of implementing ield programs of target observations. hese studies are challenging but are crucially important for improving our forecast skill of the high-impact ocean-atmospheric environmental events, and thus for disaster prevention,climate change mitigation, and sustainable socio-economic development.

关键词： atmosphere ocean predictability target observation

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ocean Sandwioh

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2023年第7期 30-31页

作者： Alan Watson John Sandford(图) 不详

They say the ocean's filled with food.From sea to shining sea.There's something called a jellyfish,How tasty can that be?Before I get my knife and bread,Before I get my dish,Can anybody help me find The peanut-butter-... 详细信息

关键词： ocean filled something

Huangpu Wenchong Wins Orders for New Generation Intelligent ocean Rescue Vessels

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船舶经济贸易 2023年第1期 72-76页

作者： Wang Jin Kuang Zhanting Xia Xiaojian Shi Gongqian 不详

Four 4,000 kW medium-sized ocean rescue vessels designed by CSSC Shanghai Merchant Ship Design&Research Institute(SDARI)and built by CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding for the Donghai Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of ... 详细信息

关键词： ocean Four Rescue

ocean Observation from Haiyang Satellites: 2012–2014

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空间科学学报 2014年第5期34卷 710-720页

作者： JIANG Xingwei LIN Mingsen National Satellite ocean Application Service

During 2012 and 2014, China has two Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese, referred to as HY) satellites operating normally in space which are HY-1B and HY-2A. HY-1B is an ocean color environment satellite which was launched in April 2007 to observe global ocean color and sea surface temperature, and HY-2A is an ocean dynamic environment satellite which was launched in August 2011 to obtain global marine dynamic environment parameters including sea surface height,significant wave height, ocean wind vectors, etc. ocean observation data provided by HY-1B and HY-2A have been widely used by both domestic and international users in extensive areas such as ocean environment protection, ocean disaster prevention and reduction, marine environment forecast,ocean resource development and management, ocean investigations and scientific researches, etc.

关键词： HY-1B HY-2A ocean observation satellites ocean remote sensing Satellite ocean applications

Mid-Holocene ocean Feedback on Global Monsoon Area and Precipitation

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Atmospheric and oceanic Science Letters 2015年第1期8卷 29-32页

作者： TIAN Zhi-Ping JIANG Da-Bang Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mid-Holocene ocean feedback on global monsoon area, global monsoon precipitation(GMP), and GMP intensity(GMPI) was investigated by a set of numerical experiments performed with the Community Climate System Model version 4. Results showed that ocean feedback induced an increase in land monsoon area for northern Africa but a decrease for Asia and North and South America, and led to an increase in ocean monsoon area for the western Indian ocean and southeastern Pacific but a decrease for the eastern Indian ocean, tropical western Pacific, and tropical West Atlantic between the mid-Holocene and pre-industrial period. Dynamic oceaninduced changes in GMP and GMPI were 10.9×109 m3 d-1and-0.11 mm d-1 between the two periods, respectively.ocean feedback induced consistent change between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere land or ocean but opposite change between land and ocean in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere monsoon areas for monsoon precipitation. The mid-Holocene summer changes in meridional temperature gradient and land-sea thermal contrast were the underlying mechanisms.

关键词： Mid-Holocene ocean feedback monsoon area monsoon p

Mean sea surface heights of the South and East China Seas from ocean circulation model and geodetic leveling

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第4期47卷 326-329页

作者： FANG Guohong WEI Zexun FANG Yue WANG Kai Choi Byungho Institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Department of oceanography Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-3146USA Department of Civil Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440-746Korea

The mean sea surface heights (sea surface topography) of the South China, East China, Yellow and Bohai Seas are derived from an ocean general circulation model and surface air pressure. The circulation model covers the global oceans, with fine grid (1/6°)? covering the East Asian marginal seas and coarse grid (3°) covering the rest part of the global oceans. The result shows that the China 1985 Na-tional Altitude Datum is 24.7 cm above the mean sea surface height of the world oceans. The mean sea surface in the coastal ocean adjacent to China is higher in the south than in the north. Intercomparison of the model results with the geodetic leveling measurements at 28 coastal tidal stations shows a standard deviation of 4.8 cm and a fitting coefficient of 95.3%. After correction through linear regression, the standard deviation is reduced to 4.5 cm. This indicates that the accuracy of model results is sufficient for practical application. Based on the model results, the mean sea surface heights for the

关键词： mean sea surface height ocean circulation model land leveling South China Sea East China Sea Yellow Sea Bohai Sea.

Viromes in marine ecosystems reveal remarkable invertebrate RNA virus diversity

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第2期65卷 426-437页

作者： Yu-Yi Zhang Yicong Chen Xiaoman Wei Jie Cui CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology&Immunology Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboatory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

Little is known about ocean viromes and the ecological drivers of the evolution of aquatic RNA viruses.This study employed a meta-transcriptomic approach to characterize the viromes of 58 marine invertebrate species across three seas.This revealed the presence of 315 newly identified RNA viruses in nine viral families or orders(Durnavirales,Totiviridae,Bunyavirales,Han-taviridae,Picornavirales,Flaviviridae,Hepelivirales,Solemoviridae,and Tombusviridae),with most of them being sufficiently divergent to the already documented viruses.Notably,this study revealed three marine invertebrate hantaviruses that are rooted to vertebrate hantaviruses,further supporting that hantaviruses may have a marine origin.We have also found evidence for possible host sharing and switch events during virus evolution.Overall,we have revealed the hidden diversity of marine invertebrate RNA viruses.

关键词： ocean aquatic invertebrate RNA virome evolution host sharing

Indian ocean temperature dipole and SSTA in the equatorial Pacific ocean

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第3期47卷 236-239页

作者： Chongyin Li Mingquan Mu Jing Pan Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys LASG Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

The observed sea surface temperature (SST) data of recent 100 years are analyzed and the existence of the Indian ocean temperature dipole in the equatorial region is exposed further. It is very clear that the amplitude of the positive phase (higher SST in the west and lower SST in the east than normal) is larger than that of the negative phase (higher SST in the east and lower SST in the west). The di-pole is stronger in September-November and weaker in January-April than in other months and it also appears obviously inter-annual and inter-decadal variations. Al-though the Indian ocean dipole in the individual year seems to be independent of ENSO in the equatorial Pacific ocean, in general, the Indian ocean dipole has obviously negative correlation with the Pacific ocean dipole (similar to the in-verse phase of ENSO mode). The atmospheric zonal (Walker) circulation over the equator is fundamental to relate the two dipoles to each other.

关键词： Indian ocean temperature dipole anomaly of SST in the equatorial Pacific Pacific ocean temperature dipole inverse ENSO mode.

Biological productivity and carbon cycling in the Arctic ocean

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第12期47卷 1037-1040页

作者： CHEN Min HUANG Yipu GUO Laodong CAI Pinghe YANG Weifeng LIU Guangshan QIU Yusheng Department of oceanography Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China International Arctic Research Center University of AlaskaFairbanksAK 99775USA

Primary production, bacterial production, par-ticulate organic carbon fluxes and organic carbon burial rates were quantified during the summer period of 1999 in the Arctic ocean via 14C uptake, 3H uptake, 234Th/238U disequilibrium and 210Pbex dating, respectively. The integrated primary production in the water column was as high as 197 mmolC/(m2·d) in the Chukchi shelf and was 3.8 mmolC/(m2·d) in the Canada Basin. These rates are higher than those reported previously. The ratios of bacterial production to primary production in the study region were higher than 0.5, indicating that microbial activity is not depressed but important in cold Arctic waters. 234Th/238U dis-equilibria were evident at the station in the Canada Basin. The presence of significant 234Th deficiency suggested that scavenging and removal processes are also important to bio-geochemical cycles of trace elements in the Arctic ocean. Particulate organic carbon export flux was estimated to be 1.0 mmolC/(m2·d). Measurements of sediment

关键词： Arctic ocean primary production bacterial production POC export flux organic carbon burial rate isotopic tracer.