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National Science Review 2018年第6期5卷 813-825页

作者： Chunzai Wang State Key Laboratory of Tropical oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The El Nio and the Southern Oscillation(ENSO) occurrence can be usually explained by two views of(i)a self-sustained oscillatory mode and(ii) a stable mode interacting with high-frequency forcing such as westerly wind bursts and Madden-Julian Oscillation events. The positive ocean–atmosphere feedback in the tropical Pacific hypothesized by Bjerknes leads the ENSO event to a mature phase. After ENSO event matures, negative feedbacks are needed to cease the ENSO anomaly growth. Four negative feedbacks have been proposed:(i) reflected Kelvin waves at the ocean western boundary,(ii) a discharge process due to Sverdrup transport,(iii) western-Pacific wind-forced Kelvin waves and(iv) anomalous zonal advections and wave reflection at the ocean eastern boundary. These four ENSO mechanisms are respectively called the delayed oscillator, the recharge–discharge oscillator, the western-Pacific oscillator and the advective–reflective oscillator. The unified oscillator is developed by including all ENSO mechanisms, i.***.all four ENSO oscillators are special cases of the unified oscillator. The tropical Pacific ocean and atmosphere interaction can also induce coupled slow westward-and eastward-propagating modes. An advantage of the coupled slow modes is that they can be used to explain the propagating property of interannual anomalies, whereas the oscillatory modes produce a standing oscillation. The research community has recently paid attention to different types of ENSO events by focusing on the central-Pacific El Nio. All of the ENSO mechanisms may work for the central-Pacific El Nio events, with an addition that the central-Pacific El Nio may be related to forcing or processes in the extra-tropical Pacific.

关键词： ENSO ocean–atmosphere interaction climate variability

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