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occurrence state and oil content evaluation of Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Hashan area as constrained by NMR and multistage Rock-Eval

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1363-1378页

作者： Yue Wang Xiang-Chun Chang Zhong-Quan Liu Peng-Fei Zhang Wei-Zheng Gao Zhi-Ping Zeng Gui-Sheng Li College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266590China Laboratoryfor Marine Mineral Reources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology QingdaoShandong 266071China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Shengli Oil CompanySinopecDongyingShandong257001China No.5 Ooil Production Plant of Dagang Oilfield Company CNPCTianjin300280China

The Hashan area,neighboring the Mahu Sag that is rich in the shale oil resources,showed commercial oil flow in the corresponding lacustrine shales of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation(P)with reserve scale approximately 789 million tons,presenting great potential for oil exploration.Despite their geographical proximity,the hydrocarbon occurrence and oil-bearing capacity of shale in the Hashan area and Mahu Sag greatly differ owing to the complex tectonic evolution.Therefore,understanding the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif in the Hashan area is crucial for ongoing shale oil exploration activities and the development of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.In this study,an in-tegrated investigation,including petrological observations,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)obser-vation,analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)Ti-T2 spectra,and conventional and multistage Rock-Eval pyrolysis methods were conducted to evaluate the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif shale in the Hashan area.The results indicate that plagioclase(average 30.7%)and quartz(24.1%)dominate the mineral compositions of the Pf shale samples.A method involving quartz-plagioclase-carbonate minerals is proposed to conduct lithofacies classification.In the Hashan area,the organic matter abundance in the Pf shale is scaled in fair to good range,the thermal maturity ranges from immature to early mature stage,and the primary organic matter types are Types I and Ilj.Intergranular and dissolution pores are the two most common pore types.The free oil is mostly found in the pores and microfractures of the mineral matrix,whereas the adsorbed oil is mostly adsorbed on the surfaces of kerogen and clay minerals.The high organic matter abundance,quartz content,and porosity account for substantial increase in the oil content,the area rich in shale oil resources coincides with that rich in free oil.The most favorable lithofacies in the Hashan area is the calcareous mudstone/shale,which hosts the highest free oil content(average 2.49

关键词： Hashan area Oil content occurrence state Pore types Ti-T2 NMR Shale oil

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Study on the occurrence state of indium in sphalerite of Dulong Sn–Zn–In polymetallic deposit,Southwest China

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第3期42卷 572-582页

作者： Lisheng Gao Hanjie Wen Chuanwei Zhu Xin Nie Aibing Chen Guangshu Yang Faculty of Land Resources Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093YunnanChina state Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081GuizhouChina School of Earth Sciences and Resources Changan UniversityXi’an 710054ShanxiChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Dulong deposit,located in the Laojunshan area of southeastern Yunnan,China,is an important polymetallic deposit due to its high reserves of tin,zinc,and indium.The occurrence state of indium is critical for understanding its supernormal enrichment mechanism.Previous studies investigated the occurrence state of indium(including the valence state)based on the indium content in sphalerite and the correlation between metal concentrations.However,more evidence is needed to better constrain indium occurrence at the micro-,nano-,or even atomic scale.In this study,EPMA-FIB-SEM-TEM and XPS techniques were employed to investigate the indium distribution characteristics and occurrence state in sphalerite from the Dulong Sn–Zn–In polymetallic deposit.The maximum concentration of indium in the indium-rich sphalerite samples is 0.37%,and the results of the EPMA analysis showed a relatively homogeneous distribution of indium in sphalerite.The FIB-SEM-TEM results demonstrated that the lattice stripes of sphalerite were periodically and continuously distributed at the nanoscale,confirming that sphalerite in the deposit was an excellent single crystal structure,and the peak heights of the various characteristic peaks of indium in the EDX spectra were relatively close to each other,with no distinct peaks of high indium content.In addition,the XPS results indicate that the element valence state of indium in sphalerite is In^(3+),and it combines with S^(2-)to form a bond.These results indicate that indium in sphalerite of the Dulong deposit is uniformly distributed at both the micro-and nanoscale,and there is no indium-independent mineral.In^(3+)enters the crystal lattice of sphalerite by replacing Zn2+in the form of isomorphic substitution.

关键词： Sphalerite Indium occurrence state Dulong Sn–Zn–In polymetallic deposit

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Analysis of the microstructure and elemental occurrence state of residual ash-PM following DPF regeneration by injecting oxygen into non-thermal plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第9期23卷 163-175页

作者：施蕴曦卢奕睿蔡忆昔何勇周银崔应欣孙浩铭 School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People's Republic of China Vehicle Measurement Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSchool of Automobile and TransportationXihua UniversityChengdu 610039People's Republic of China

Particulate matter(PM)capture tests were carried out on clean diesel particulate filters(DPFs)under different loads(25%,50%,75%and 100%).DPFs were regenerated by a non-thermal plasma(NTP)injection device.Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate changes in the microstructure and element occurrence state of the sediment in DPF channel before and after regeneration.The order of the PM samples decreased before NTP treatment as the load increased;the amorphous carbon content was high,and the oxidationactivity was higher.After NTP treatment,the carbon atoms at the edge of the microcrystalline structure in the ash-PM samples were oxidized,and the structure was reorganized;in addition,the amorphous carbon content decreased,and the structure was more diversified.Before NTP,the C element of PM samples was the main component,and the content of the O element was relatively low.The C element occurred in the form of C–C,C–OH,and O–C=O functional groups,and O atoms were mainly combined with C–O.After NTP,the content of Na,P,S,Ca,and other inorganic elements in ash-PM samples was prominent because C atoms were removed by NTP active substances.There were two forms of S element occurrence(SO42-and SO32-);the proportion of SO42-was approximately 40%,and the proportion of SO32-was approximately60%.Study of the microstructure and element occurrence of the residues in the DPF channels improved our understanding of the mechanism of the low-temperature regeneration of DPFfrom NTP.

关键词： diesel particulate filter regeneration non-thermal plasma ash-PM microstructure occurrence state

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Quantitative evaluation model of shale oil adsorption:A case study of the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin,NE China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第5期50卷 1137-1150页

作者： LI Jinbu WANG Min LU Shuangfang LIU Liang LI Ming ZHANG Yuchen WANG Xin ZHAO Xinbin ZHANG Jinyou ZHAO Ying National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil&Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanya572025China Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company Daqing 163712China

A quantitative evaluation model that integrates kerogen adsorption and clay pore adsorption of shale oil was proposed,and the evaluation charts of adsorption-swelling capacity of kerogen(Mk)and adsorbed oil capacity of clay minerals(Mc)were established,taking the 1st member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin as an example.The model and charts were derived from swelling oil experiments performed on naturally evolved kerogens and adsorbed oil experiments on clays(separated from shale core samples).They were constructed on the basis of clarifying the control law of kerogen maturity evolution on its adsorption-swelling capacity,and considering the effect of both the clay pore surface area that occupied by adsorbed oil and formation temperature.The results are obtained in four aspects:(1)For the Qing 1 Member shale,with the increase of maturity,Mk decreases.Given Ro of 0.83%–1.65%,Mk is about 50–250 mg/g.(2)The clay in shale adsorbs asphaltene.Mc is 0.63 mg/m^(2),and about 15%of the clay pore surface is occupied by adsorbed oil.(3)In the low to medium maturity stages,the shale oil adsorption is controlled by organic matter.When Ro>1.3%,the shale oil adsorption capacity is contributed by clay pores.(4)The oil adsorption capacity evaluated on the surface at room temperature is 8%–22%(avg.15%)higher than that is held in the formations.The proposed evaluation model reveals the occurrence mechanisms of shale oils with different maturities,and provides a new insight for estimating the reserves of shale oil under formation temperature conditions.

关键词： shale oil adsorbed oil occurrence state mobility Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation Evaluation model Songliao Basin

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The occurrences and geochemical characteristics of thorium in iron ore in the Bayan Obo deposit, Northern China

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Acta Geochimica 2020年第1期39卷 139-154页

作者： Xiaozhi Hou Zhanfeng Yang Zhenjiang Wang Wencai Wang Mining Research Institute Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014010China Rare Earth Research and the Comprehensive Utilization state Key Laboratory of Bayan Obo Baotou 014000China Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute Baotou 014000China

The Bayan Obo deposit in northern China is an ultra-large Fe–REE–Nb deposit.The occurrences,and geochemical characteristics of thorium in iron ores from the Bayan Obo Main Ore Body were examined using chemical analysis,field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,and automatic mineral analysis software.Results identified that 91.69%of ThO2 in the combined samples was mainly distributed in rare earth minerals(bastnaesite,huanghoite,monazite;56.43%abundance in the samples),iron minerals(magnetite,hematite,pyrite;20.97%),niobium minerals(aeschynite;14.29%),and gangue minerals(aegirine,riebeckite,mica,dolomite,apatite,fluorite;4.22%).An unidentified portion(4.09%)of ThO2 may occur in other niobium minerals(niobite,ilmenorutile,pyrochlore).Only a few independent minerals of thorium occur in the iron ore samples.Thorium mainly occurs in rare earth minerals in the form of isomorphic substitution.Analyses of the geochemical characteristics of the major elements indicate that thorium mineralization in the Main Ore Body was related to alkali metasomatism,which provided source material and favorable porosity for hydrothermal mineralization.Trace elements such as Sc,Nb,Zr,and Ta have higher correlation coefficients with thorium,which resulted from being related to the relevant minerals formed during thorium mineralization.In addition,correlation analysis of ThO2 and TFe,and REO and TFe in the six types of iron ore samples showed that ThO2 did not always account for the highest distribution rate in rare earth minerals,and the main occurrence minerals of ThO2 were closely related to iron ore types.

关键词： Thorium occurrence state Distribution law Geochemical characteristics Iron ore Bayan Obo deposit

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The study on exploitation potential of original low-oil-saturation reservoirs

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Petroleum Research 2020年第1期5卷 52-58页

作者： Sun Yingying Zhang Shanyan Wei Xiaofang Sang Guoqiang Minghui Zhou Huang Jia Yang Jiru state Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery Beijing100083China

It is preliminary estimated that the proved geological reserves of original low-oil-saturation reservoirs(OLOSRs)of 54 blocks in China are more than 820 million tons.As same as the high water-cut stage of a reservoir after water flooding,the initial water cut of OLOSRS is higher than 80%.The industrial application of EOR technology could efficiently enhance oil recovery rate from 8.4% to 20.1% of reservoirs after water flooding.The suitable measurements of EOR to the OLOSRs probably have a profound impact on achieving higher oilfield reserves and production.In this paper,the main characteristics and reserves potential of OLOSRs have been studied by investigations and laboratory experiments.The relationship between initial oil saturation and displacement efficiency is also analyzed.The feasibility of EOR technologies for different OLOSRs is discussed.The results show that the OLOSRs could be divided into two categories(primary and secondary)by origin of low oil saturation.The two categories contain abundant reserves in China’s major oilfields,but their occurrence states of crude oil are quite different.If the average oil saturation of the OLOSR is defined at 40%,there are 13.1%-54.2%crude oil that could be recovered by using the existing EOR technology,especially in the primary OLOSRs with low permeability and the secondary OLOSRs with high permeability.

关键词： Low oil saturation Transition zones occurrence state Oil displacement efficiency Gas flooding Surfactant flooding

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