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Brain circuits for retching-like behavior

National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 145-160页

作者： Lifang Huo Zhimin Ye Meiling Liu Ziqing He Meizhu Huang Dapeng Li Qian Wu Qian Wang Xiaoqun Wang Peng Cao Ji Dong Congping Shang School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou National Laboratory The Fifth Afflliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical University State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Changping Life Science Laboratory National Institute of Biological Sciences

Nausea and vomiting are important defensive responses to cope with pathogens and toxins that invade the body. The nucleus of the solitary tract(NTS) is important for initiating these responses. However, the molecular heterogeneities and cellular diversities of the NTS occlude a better understanding of these defensive responses. Here, we constructed the single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of NTS cells and found multiple populations of NTS neurons that may be involved in these defensive responses. Among these, we identified Calbindin1-positive(Calb1+) NTS neurons that are molecularly distinct from Tac1+neurons.These Calb1+neurons are critical for nausea and retching induced by cereulide; an emetic toxin secreted by Bacillus Cereus. Strikingly, we found that cereulide can directly modulate vagal sensory neurons that innervate Calb1+NTS neurons, a novel mechanism distinct from that for nausea and retching induced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Together, our transcriptomic atlas of NTS neurons and the functional analyses revealed the neural mechanism for cereulide-induced retching-like behavior. These results demonstrate the molecular and cellular complexities in the brain that underlie defensive responses to the diversities of pathogens and toxins.

关键词： vomiting nausea nucleus of the solitary tract Calbindin1 neural circuits

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Evolution of gustatory reflex systems in the brainstems of fishes

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 53-63页

作者： Thomas E.FINGER Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Colorado DenverAuroraUSA

The great number of species of teleosts permits highly specialized forms to evolve to occupy particular niches.This diversity allows for extreme variations in brain structure according to particular sensory or motor adaptations.In the case of the taste system,goldfish(Carassius auratus L.,1758)and some carps have evolved a specialized in-traoral food-sorting apparatus along with corresponding specializations of gustatory centers in the brainstem.A comparison of circuitry within the complex vagal lobe of goldfish,and of the simpler gustatory lobes in catfish(Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque,1818)shows numerous similarities in organization and neurotransmitters.Double labeling studies using horseradish peroxidase and biotinylated dextran amine in catfish shows a direct projection from the vagal lobe to the motoneurons of nucleus ambiguus which innervate oropharyngeal musculature.Therefore,a three neuron reflex arc connects gustatory input to motor output.In the vagal lobe of goldfish,a similar three neuron arc can be identified:from primary gustatory afferent,to vagal lobe interneuron,thence to dendrites of the vagal motoneurons that innervate the pharyngeal muscles.Therefore,despite large differences in the gross appearance of the vagal gustatory systems in the brains of catfish and goldfish,the essential connectivity and circuitry is similar.This suggests that evolutionary change in the central nervous system largely proceeds by rearrangement and elaboration of existing systems,rather than by addition of new structures or circuits.

关键词： evolution medulla nucleus of the solitary tract taste vagus nerve.

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家兔孤束核中的呼神经元

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生理学报 1984年第3期 307-310页

作者：魏仁榆沈锷朱笛霓中国科学院上海生理研究所中国科学院上海生理研究所中国科学院上海生理研究所美国犹他大学医学院生理室陕西省中医药研究院进修人员

在猫孤束核(NTS)中有许多吸神经元而只有极少呼神经元。这个事实加上其它一些证据,使有些作者认为呼吸节律发生的交互抑制模型是不适当的。但细胞内记录的工作表明在呼和吸神经元均有交替出现的超极化和去极化,说明交互抑制确实存在。... 详细信息

在猫孤束核(NTS)中有许多吸神经元而只有极少呼神经元。这个事实加上其它一些证据,使有些作者认为呼吸节律发生的交互抑制模型是不适当的。但细胞内记录的工作表明在呼和吸神经元均有交替出现的超极化和去极化,说明交互抑制确实存在。另一些人在 NTS 之外的 B(?)tzinger 复合体找到一群呼神经元,其轴突伸至 NTS 的吸神经元区。但 NTS 只投射到闩部后的腹外侧区另一群呼神

关键词： nucleus of the solitary tract respiratory neurons

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Extrasegmental Analgesia of electroacupuncture at orofacial acupoints on visceral pain rats and its afferent pathway

Extrasegmental Analgesia of electroacupuncture at orofacial ...

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广东省针灸学会第十一次学术研讨会

作者： Jianhua Liu~a,Wenbin Fu~a,Wei Yi~b,Zhenhua Xu~a,Yuan Liao~a,Xuefang Liu~a,Xinran Li~a,Jiesi Chen~a, Nenggui Xu~(c*) a Laboratory of Electrophysiology,Institute of Acupuncture,the Secondary medical college of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510120,PR China b Department of Acupuncture,Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006, PR China c Department of Science and Technology,Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,PR China

Up to now,we know not much about visceral pain compared with somatic pain.Acupuncture has been applied to treat visceral pain for a long time and the underlying mechanism still remains unknown.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extrasegmental analgesia of electroacupuncture(EA) at orofacial acupoints on visceral pain and its afferent pathway.Visceral pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6%acetic acid and was assessed by counting abdominal contraction.Meanwhile,c-fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract(NTS) and paratrigeminal nucleus(PTN) was observed by immunohistochemistry.The results revealed that EA at Sibai(ST2) acupoints induced c-fos expression in the NTS and PTN.Pretreatment of EA at ST2 or Jiache(ST6) acupoints or nonacupoints,induced c-fos expression in the PTN and reduced abdominal contractions and c-fos expression in the NTS elicited by acetic acid.However,pretreatment of EA at Yangbai(GB14) acupoints did not.After infraorbital nerve(ION) pretreated with transaction or capsaicin,effects of EA at ST2 on abdominal contractions and c-los expression in the NTS and PTN were dramatically decreased.However,ION pretreated with snake venom had no influence on the EA analgesia.These data suggest that orofacial areas-PTN-NTS secondary neural pathway may be involved in the extrasegmental analgesia of EA at orofacial acupoints on visceral pain and C fibers are crucial for the effect.

关键词： Visceral pain Electroacupuncture Extrasegmental analgesia nucleus of the solitary tract Paratrigeminal nucleus C fibers

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