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Role of the first mitosis in the remodeling of the parental genomes in mouse embryos

Cell Research 2005年第2期15卷 127-132页

作者： Kentaro T.HARA,Fugaku AOKI Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8571 Japan Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8571 Japan

Although male and female pronuclei reside in the same zygotic cytoplasm, they differ in many respects, such asvolume and transcriptional activity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether these differences are lost during thefirst mitosis. For this purpose, a new method was developed to inhibit the mixing of two parental chromosomes duringmitosis, thus to induce the formation of two nuclei after they exit from the mitotic phase. In this method, one-cellembryos are arrested at metaphase by treatment with nocodazole, and whn exitting from the mitotic phase, two nucleiwere formed in a single karyocyte following treatment with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). These embryos weredesignated as post-mitotic embryos (PM-embryos), in which the two nuclei were derived from the male and femalegenomes. We found that in the control one-cell embryos that had not been treated with the reagents, the volume of themale pronucleus was about 1.65-fold greater than that of the female pronucleus, whereas the volumes of the two nucleiin the PM-embryos were similar (volume ratio of 1.01). Although a two-fold difference in transcriptional activity wasdetected between the male and female pronuclei in the control embryos, no difference in transcriptional activity wasdetected between the two nuclei of PM-embryos. The ratio of transcriptional activity in the nucleus derived from thepaternal genome to that from the maternal genome was 1.02, for which no significant difference was detected by the χ2fitness test. Therefore, the volumes and transcriptional activities of the male and female nuclei were approximately equalin PM-embryos, which suggests that the asymmetries of pronuclear volume and transcriptional activity between maleand female genomes are somehow losted during the first mitosis.

关键词： mouse zygote parental genomes nuclear volume transcriptional activity.

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Regulatory role of chromatin condensation during the first cell cycle in reprogramming transcriptional activity of parentalgenomes

Regulatory role of chromatin condensation during the first c...

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中国细胞生物学学会第八届会员代表大会暨学术大会

作者： Fugaku AOKI Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier SciencesUniversity of TokyoKashiwaChiba 277-8571Japan

Although the male and female pronuclei stay in a common zygotic cytoplasm, they are different in many ways, such as transcriptional activity, volume of pronuclei etc. This study was to investigate whether the differences between parental genomes could be erased by the first cell cycle. In order to inhibit the combination of parental genomes during the metaphase of the first cell cycle, we developed a new protocal to produce so called "PZM" embryos. PZM embryo occurred after inhibiting the parental genomes mingling and cytokinesis during the first cell cycle to form a single cell that contained male and female nuclei in a common cytoplasm. In PZM embryos the volume and transcriptional activity of male and female nuclei become equal. Our result suggested that the asymmetries of pronuclear volume and transcriptional activity between male and female genomes were erased by chromatin condensation of the first cell cycle.

关键词： Mouse zygote Parental genomes nuclear volume Transcriptional activity

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