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northward Heat Flux in Midwest Summers

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第8期4卷 1117-1119页

作者： Kern E. Kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar USA

Watching the winds in northwest Iowa during more than 30 summers has led me to two conclusions about the local atmosphere at ground level: there is a net northward transport of heat and water taking place throughout the summer;warm humid winds from the south continually alternate with cool dry winds from the north. The proposed northward heat transfer is consistent with the constraint, placed on the motions of the oceans and the atmosphere, of the earth’s heat balance due to the increased absorption of solar radiation at low latitudes compared to that at high latitudes. At mid-latitudes in the interior of continents, like North America, it is the job of the atmosphere alone to constantly help satisfy the global heat balance. Although qualitative in nature, the predicted northward heat flux is strongly based on frequent observations over lengthy time intervals.

关键词： northward Heat Flux Midwest Summers

A DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH OF THE SEASONAL northward BEATING OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 1998年第1期4卷 88-99页

作者：朱玉先喻世华

Diagnostic techniques of CEOF, power spectrum and bandpass filter wave are applied in this paper to analyze the seasonal northward beating of the northern subtropical high using day to day geopotential fields of 2.5 ×2.5 at 500 hPa May through July in 1988 and 1991. It is concluded that it is globally observed that the subtropical high has northward beats that propagate westward; the source of beating mainly lies in the region of Arabian Sea and central Pacific and the sink in eastern Pacific; the seasonal beating is dominated by effects of the disturbance field; low frequency oscillation plays a key role in the beating and the westward propagation so that the difference in the latter in individual years is caused by the varying source of disturbance and the low frequency waves it excites.

关键词： subtropical high seasonal northward beating source and sink analysis of CEOF method low frequency oscillation

Geographical range evolution of the genus Polypedates(Anura:Rhacophoridae)from the Oligocene to present

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Zoological Research 2021年第1期42卷 116-123页

作者： Li-Mei Yuan Xi-Ling Deng De-Chun Jiang Sebastian Klaus Nikolai LOrlov Kong Yang Jia-Tang Li Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Ecology and Evolution J.W.Goethe-UniversitätFrankfurt/M.Hessen 60438Germany Zoological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesSt.Petersburg 199034Russia Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

DEAR EDITOR,Currently,the genus Polypedates comprises 26 species distributed in South,Southeast,and East Asia.Because of their relatively low dispersal capability and intolerance to seawater,this genus is ideal for the study of terrestrial range evolution that extends into the island archipelagos of southeastern Asia.In this study,based on data compiled for Polypedates from previous studies and partial mitochondrial and nuclear genes collected in this study,we performed systematic biogeographical analysis.We confirmed a Sundaland origin for the extant genus and showed northward dispersal into mainland Southeast Asia and Asia,which coincided with the timing of paleoclimatic change from the Oligocene to Middle Miocene.Climate fluctuations had a profound impact on species diversification within the genus Polypedates.Furthermore,the Red River did not mediate species exchange between Southeast Asia and mainland Asia until the end of the Miocene,with the sudden onset of northward dispersal in several clades independently at that time.Alternatively,the lineage of widespread insular P.leucomystax strongly supports the hypothesis of terrestrial connection between island archipelagos of Southeast Asia during the Mid-Pleistocene paleoclimate fluctuations.Our biogeographical analysis also supports the recent introduction of P.leucomystax to the Philippines and Ryukyus,as previously suggested.

关键词： mainland northward evolution

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China Book International 2023年第3期 58-63页

作者： Li Wuwang Cicada Modern Culture Company

The outbreak of the An Shi Rebellion brought numerous hardships to Du Fu,who was displaced.Taking his family members,Du Fu escaped all the way northwards.He could see neither people nor food,just desolation everywhere... 详细信息

关键词： neither northward everywhere

A NOTE ON THE DEEP CIRCULATION IN THE AREA EAST OF TAIWAN AND THE PHILIPPINES

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1990年第2期8卷 167-176页

作者：管秉贤 Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao

The deep water ( 1000-3000 m) circulation in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines has been little studied . Moriyasu (1972) and Reid (1981) discussed the 3000 db surface (3000/1200 db ) and 2000 db surface (2000/3500 db ) circulations of the Philippine Sea Basin .respectively . They both showed that there may be a northward current close to the western margin of the Sea Basin . Recent analyses of two sets of deep sea hydrographic data yielded quite different results, i. e ., at deep waters in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines southward countercurrents flow under the upper northward currents .The possible causative mechanism of these southward deep countercurrents is the blocking effects of the submarine ridge east of Suao and of the Ryukyu Islands Shelf on the northward flowing upper currents .The above-mentioned preliminary deductions were wholely based on consideration of the relative geostrophic current and calculation, though the reference surface (3500 db ) was very deep . It is

关键词： northward currents submarine Taiwan Philippine preliminary EAST mentioned flowing striking

SUMMER TEMPERATURE-SALINITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND CIRCULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOURCE WATER OF THE TSUSHIMA WARM CURRENT

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1991年第2期9卷 153-162页

作者：宋万先郭炳火 First Institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao 266003

Based on the data obtained in the area southwest of Kyushu in the summer of 1987 , the temperature-salinity distribtutions and circulation characteristics are described and the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current is a... 详细信息

关键词： salinity southwest southeast northward mainstream analysed SOURCE northwest tongue extending

INVERSION CALCULATION OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC BOUNDARY CURRENT DURINGOCTOBER, 1988

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1990年第2期8卷 177-187页

作者：崔茂常胡敦欣 Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao

The inverse method developed by Wunsch (1978) is widely used to determine circulation in the oceans (Fu , 1980; Wunsch , Hu and Grant, 1983 ; Joyce and Wunsch , 1986; Rintoul, 1988). However, for inversion manipulation, measurements down to the bottom are required, and so is a certain solid boundary. In the present paper an equation of potential condition satisfied by the velocity field at the reference level is added to Wunsch’s underdetermined matrix equation in order to make the method adequate for the case where measurements do not touch bottom and when a solid boundary does not exist. The western boundary current in the Pacific is calculated and examined in terms of the velocity field and transport with CTD data gathered by the R/V Science I in October 1988 .

关键词： gathered touch manipulation inverse adequate inversion chemi northward 幻日 vorticity

SEAWATER FLUX THROUGH TAIWAN STRAIT

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1991年第3期9卷 232-239页

作者：傅子琅胡建宇余国明 Xiamen University 361005

After the winter and summer current structures on two or three latitudinal sections in Taiwan Strait were obtained from the measured current data, the seawater flux through the sections were cal -culated. In summer, the currents in the central and northern part of Taiwan Strait normally flow northward at a net flux of 3.32×l06m3 /s. In winter, the high temperature and salinity Kuroshio and South China Sea water enter Taiwan Strait from the southern section at 1.69× 106m3/s and 0.59×10 m3/s respectively, while the East China Sea water enters Taiwan Strait from the northern section at 1.02×106m3/s. About 0.40×106m3/s of the seawater enters the South China Sea along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong; the other 0.62×106m3/s of the seawater is mixed with the Kuroshio water and the South China Sea water in the northern sea area . The net northward flux is 1.74×106m3/s in winter.

关键词： northward winter enters seawater sections Taiwan salinity currents Fujian entering

Discussion of Meridional Propagation Mechanism of Quasi-40-Day Oscillation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1990年第1期7卷 78-86页

作者：何金海 Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044ased on researches made by the author in recent years discussion is made of the quasi-40-day oscillation (QDO) nature and its characteristic propagation with emphasis on the Southern Hemisphere mill-latitude quasi-periodic cold air forcing on the tropical atmosphere quasi-40-day oscillation along with its effect upon the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon. It is proposed that the interaction between or lateral coupling of meridional circulation systems may serve as the mechanism of the oscillation propagation in a meridional direction.

Based on researches made by the author in recent years, discussion is made of the quasi-40-day oscillation (QDO) nature and its characteristic propagation, with emphasis on the Southern Hemisphere mill-latitude quasi-periodic cold air forcing on the tropical atmosphere quasi-40-day oscillation along with its effect upon the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon. It is proposed that the interaction between, or lateral coupling of, meridional circulation systems may serve as the mechanism of the oscillation propagation in a meridional direction.

关键词： monsoon latitude meridional tropical oscillation quasi northward discussion forcing eastward