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Salivary metabolites are promising noninvasive biomarkers of druginduced liver injury

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2454-2466页

作者： Si-Miao Yu Hao-Cheng Zheng Si-Ci Wang Wen-Ya Rong Ping Li Jing Jing Ting-Ting He Jia-Hui Li XiaDing Rui-Lin Wang School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Hepatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China The First Clinical Medical College Henan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 450000Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is one of the most common adverse events of medication use,and its incidence is increasing.However,early detection of DILI is a crucial challenge due to a lack of biomarkers and noninvasive tests.AIM To identify salivary metabolic biomarkers of DILI for the future development of noninvasive diagnostic tools.METHODS Saliva samples from 31 DILI patients and 35 healthy controls(HCs)were subjected to untargeted metabolomics using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.Subsequent analyses,including partial least squares-discriminant analysis modeling,t tests and weighted metabolite coexpression network analysis(WMCNA),were conducted to identify key differentially expressed metabolites(DEMs)and metabolite sets.Furthermore we utilized least absolute shrinkage and selection operato and random fores analyses for biomarker prediction.The use of each metabolite and metabolite set to detect DILI was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS We found 247 differentially expressed salivary metabolites between the DILI group and the HC group.Using WMCNA,we identified a set of 8 DEMs closely related to liver injury for further prediction testing.Interestingly,the distinct separation of DILI patients and HCs was achieved with five metabolites,namely,12-hydroxydodecanoic acid,3-hydroxydecanoic acid,tetradecanedioic acid,hypoxanthine,and inosine(area under the curve:0.733-1).CONCLUSION Salivary metabolomics revealed previously unreported metabolic alterations and diagnostic biomarkers in the saliva of DILI patients.Our study may provide a potentially feasible and noninvasive diagnostic method for DILI,but further validation is needed.

关键词： Drug-Induced liver injury Salivary Metabolomics Biomarker Weighted metabolite Coexpression network analysis Machine learning noninvasive Diagnostic method Metabolites

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Future directions of noninvasive prediction of esophageal variceal bleeding:No worry about the present computed tomography inefficiency

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 108-111页

作者： Yu-Hang Zhang Bing Hu Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

In this editorial,we comment on the minireview by Martino A,published in the recent issue of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023;15(12):681-689.We focused mainly on the possibility of replacing the hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)and endoscopy with noninvasive methods for predicting esophageal variceal bleeding.The risk factors for bleeding were the size of the varices,the red sign and the Child-Pugh score.The intrinsic core factor that drove these changes was the HVPG.Therefore,the present studies investigating noninvasive methods,including computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,elastography,and laboratory tests,are working on correlating imaging or serum marker data with intravenous pressure and clinical outcomes,such as bleeding.A single parameter is usually not enough to construct an efficient model.Therefore,multiple factors were used in most of the studies to construct predictive models.Encouraging results have been obtained,in which bleeding prediction was partly reached.However,these methods are not satisfactory enough to replace invasive methods,due to the many drawbacks of different studies.There is still plenty of room for future improvement.Prediction of the precise timing of bleeding using various models,and extracting the texture of variceal walls using high-definition imaging modalities to predict the red sign are interesting directions to lay investment on.

关键词： Esophageal variceal bleeding Prediction noninvasive Computed tomography Hepatic venous pressure gradient Endoscopy

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Expandable endoprostheses in skeletally immature patients:Where we are

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第4期15卷 312-317页

作者： RecepÖztürk Tumororthopädie und Sarkomchirurgie Universitätsklinikum EssenEssen 45143Germany

Approximately 45 percent of malignant bone tumors are seen under the age of 16 and one of the important results of growth plate sacrification in patients with immature skeletons is limb inequality.Until the early 1990s,the treatment options for these patients were rotationplasty or amputation.Multimodal approaches that combine imaging,chemotherapy,and surgical techniques have enabled the development of limb-preserving methods with satisfactory results.In order to overcome inequality problems,expandable prostheses have been developed in the 1980s.Extendable endoprosthesis replacements have been improved over the years and are now an established and safe alternative.noninvasive prostheses appear to be advantageous compared to minimally invasive expandable prostheses that require multiple surgical procedures,but the complication rate remains high.Therefore,although expandable prostheses are not the definitive answer to the treatment of bone sarcomas in skeletally immature children,they are still a suitable interim choice until full adulthood is achieved.Due to reported high complication rates,the procedures require significant experience and are recommended for use only in specialized cancer centers.

关键词： Bone sarcoma Expandable endoprostheses Limb salvage surgery noninvasive Minimal-invasive Invasive Extendible endoprostheses

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AgInS_(2)/ZnS quantum dots for noninvasive cervical cancer screening with intracellular pH sensing using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5193-5204页

作者： Wenhua Su Dan Yang Yulan Wang Yawei Kong Wanlu Zhang Jing Wang Yiyan Fei Ruiqian Guo Jiong Ma Lan Mi Department of Optical Science and Engineering Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical ManufacturingKey Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures(Ministry of Education)School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The Central Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014China Institute of Photonic Chips University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Centre for Artificial-Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Academy for Engineer and TechnologyFudan University220 Handan RoadShanghai 200433China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms the Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems(MRICS)School of Life SciencesFudan University220 Handan RoadShanghai 200433China

Intracellular pH plays a critical role in biological functions,and abnormal pH values are related to various diseases.Here,we report on an intracellular pH sensor AgInS_(2)(AIS)/ZnS quantum dots(QDs)that show long fluorescence lifetimes of hundreds of nanoseconds and low toxicity.Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FLIM)combined with AIS/ZnS QDs is used for the imaging of live cells in different pH buffers and different cell lines.The FLIM images of AIS/ZnS QDs in live cells demonstrate different intracellular pH values in different regions,such as in lysosomes or cytoplasm.This method can also distinguish cancer cells from normal cells,and the fluorescence lifetime difference of the AIS/ZnS QDs between the two types of cells is 100±7 ns.Most importantly,the exfoliated cervical cells from 20 patients are investigated using FLIM combined with AIS/ZnS QDs.The lifetime difference value between the normal and cervical cancer(CC)groups is 115±9 ns,and the difference between the normal and the precancerous lesion group is 64±9 ns.For the first time,the noninvasive method has been used for cervical cancer screening,and it has shown great improvement in sensitivity compared with a clinical conventional cytology examination.

关键词： AIS/ZnS quantum dots fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy intracellular pH sensing cervical cancer screening noninvasive

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noninvasive mechanical auxiliary circulation(NMAC):A general concept and the technological trends

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2022年第4期16卷 188-194页

作者： Wang Yawei Li Jianchao Wang Bitian Liu Hanhao Wu Guifu Fan Yubo Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China School of Engineering Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen UniversityShenzhenChina

A series of noninvasive mechanical auxiliary circulation(NMAC)technologies,such as intermittent pneumatic compression(IPC),external counterpulsation(ECP),and anti-G suit,had been widely used to realize noninvasive intervention of human cardiovascular system for different purposes,such as treatments of cardiovascular diseases and protecting pilot from G-induced loss of consciousness(G-LOC)during exposure to sustained accelerations.There are lots of similarities among these NMAC technologies,especially on aspects of hardware constitutions and their physiological effects.However,these technologies were almost independently developed in the past few decades.The similarities and differences were summarized on aspects of hardware constitutions and physiological effects of IPC,ECP and anti-G suit in this paper,and a general concept for NMAC technologies was proposed.This concept did not include a restrict definition,but generally focused on the physiological benefits,while any noninvasive mechanical methods that can achieve such benefits are welcomed.Trends for these typical NMAC technologies,especially about the strategies to realize personalized therapy or to meet new challenges,are discussed.This paper provided a unified perspective for non-invasive mechanical technologies aiming at cardiovascular benefits,and might inspire new technologies to be introduced in.

关键词： noninvasive Auxiliary circulation Intermittent pneumatic compression External counterpulsation anti-G suit

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noninvasive Quantitative Detection Methods of Liver Fat Content in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 217-221页

作者： Shujing Lv Sushan Jiang Shousheng Liu Quanjiang Dong Yongning Xin Shiying Xuan Medical College of Qingdao University QingdaoShandongChina Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao QingdaoShandongChina Central Laboratories Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoShandongChina Department of Gastroenterology Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoShandongChina Department of Infectious Disease Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoShandongChina

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)ranges from simple steatosis to NAFLD-related liver cirrhosis and is a main cause of chronic liver diseases.Patients with nonalcoholic steatohe-patitis and fibrosis are at a great risk of the progression to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma,both of which are tightly associated with liver-related mortality.Liver biopsy is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD,but some defects,such as serious complications,sampling error and variability in histologic evaluation among pathologists,remain problematic.Therefore,noninvasive,repeatable and accurate diagnostic methods are urgently needed.Ultrasonography is a well-established and lower-cost imaging technique for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis,especially suitable for population census,but limited by its low sensitivity to diagnose mild steatosis and being highly operator-dependent.Computed tomography also lacks the sensitivity to detect mild steatosis and small changes in fat content,and presents a potential radiation hazard.Controlled attenuation parameter based on the FibroScan?technology is a promising tool for noninvasive semiquantita-tive assessment of liver fat content,but the accuracy rate de-pends on the operator's expertise and is affected by age,width of the intercostal space,skin capsular distance and body mass index.Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are regarded as the most accurate quantitative methods for measuring liver fat content in clinical practice,especially for longitudinal follow up of NAFLD patients.In this review,we mainly introduce the current imaging methods that are in use for evaluation of liver fat content and we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy noninvasive Liver fat content

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noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current evidence and practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第11期25卷 1307-1326页

作者： Jiang-Hua Zhou Jing-Jing Cai Zhi-Gang She Hong-Liang Li Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityInstitute of Model Animal of Wuhan University Department of Cardiology The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

With the increasing number of individuals with diabetes and obesity,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prevalent,affecting one-quarter of adults worldwide. The spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). NAFLD, especially NASH, may progress to fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD can impose a severe economic burden,and patients with NAFLD-related terminal or deteriorative liver diseases have become one of the main groups receiving liver transplantation. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD and the severe outcomes of NASH make it necessary to use effective methods to identify NAFLD. Although recognized as the gold standard, biopsy is limited by its sampling bias, poor acceptability, and severe complications, such as mortality, bleeding, and pain. Therefore, noninvasive methods are urgently needed to avoid biopsy for diagnosing NAFLD. This review discusses the current noninvasive methods for assessing NAFLD,including steatosis, NASH, and NAFLD-related fibrosis, and explores the advantages and disadvantages of measurement tools. In addition, we analyze potential noninvasive biomarkers for tracking disease processes and monitoring treatment effects, and explore effective algorithms consisting of imaging and nonimaging biomarkers for diagnosing advanced fibrosis and reducing unnecessary biopsies in clinical practice.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Steatosis Fibrosis noninvasive evaluation

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noninvasive and nondestructive sampling for avian microsatellite genotyping: a case study on the vulnerable Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes)

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Chinese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 276-284页

作者： Yufei Dai Qingxian Lin Wenzhen Fang Xiaoping Zhou Xiaolin Chen Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems School of Life SciencesCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen University

Background: noninvasive and nondestructive DNA sampling techniques are becoming more important in genetic studies because they can provide genetic material from wild animals with less or even without disturbance,which is particularly useful for the study of endangered species,i.e.,birds.However,nondestructively and noninvasively sampled DNA may,in some cases,be inadequate in the amount and quality of the material collected,which can lead to low amplification success rates and high genotyping errors.Methods: In this study,noninvasive(eggshell swab,shed feather and feces),nondestructive(plucked feather and buccal swab) and invasive(blood) DNA samples were collected from the vulnerable Chinese Egret(Egretta eulophotes).DNA concentrations,PCR amplification success and microsatellite genotyping errors of different sample types were evaluated and compared to determine whether noninvasive and nondestructive samples performed as well as invasive samples in our experimental procedures.Results: A total of 159 samples were collected in the field.Among the different sample types,the highest DNA concentrations(154.0–385.5 ng/μL) were obtained from blood.Those extracted from fecal samples were the lowest,ranging from 1.25 to 27.5 ng/μL.Almost all of the DNA samples,i.e.,95.59 %,were successfully amplified for mt DNA(n = 152) and 92.76 % of mt DNA samples were successfully genotyped for at least five of the nine microsatellite loci tested(n = 141).Blood samples and buccal swabs produced reliable genotypes with no genotyping errors,but in feces,allelic dropouts and false alleles occurred in all nine loci,with error rates ranging from 6.67 to 38.10 % for the dropouts and from 6.06 to 15.15 % for the false alleles.Conclusions: These results indicate that both nondestructive and noninvasive samplings are suitable for avian microsatellite genotyping,save for fecal DNA.However,we should remain cautious of the appearance of genotyping errors,especially when using noninvasive material.

关键词： Genotyping noninvasive sampling Nondestructive sampling Microsatellite PCR Avian genetics Chinese Egret

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noninvasive ventilation in a young infant with congenital central hypoventilation and 7-year follow-up

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Pediatric Investigation 2019年第4期3卷 261-264页

作者： Zhifei Xu Yunxiao Wu Bei Li Li Zheng Jingyuan Liu Kunling Shen Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina

Introduction:Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome(CCHS)is a rare disorder characterized by alveolar hypoventilation and autonomic system dysregulation secondary to mutations of the PHOX2B gene.Treatment consists of assisted ventilation using positive-pressure ventilators via tracheostomy,bi-level positive airway pressure(BPAP)via a noninvasive interface,negative-pressure ventilators,or diaphragm pacing.The long-term use of BPAP in younger children at home has been less frequently reported.Case presentation:We present a case of a 2-month-old infant with CCHS who was successfully managed by BPAP without the need for tracheostomy and followed up for 7 years.Conclusion:CCHS is a rare disease that manifests as nocturnal desaturation and carbon dioxide retention in early life.noninvasive ventilation can be successfully used in young infants via an appropriate mask.

关键词： Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome PHOX2B gene noninvasive ventilation

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noninvasive method to drive medical micro-robots

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第7期45卷 617-620页

作者： ZHOU Yinsheng HE Huinong GU Daqiang AN Qi QUAN Yongxin Department of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Mechanical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

A noninvasive method to drive medical micro-robots into endocoeles has been proposed and a kind of medical micro robot driven by the method has been designed. The robot has a spirally grooved impeller. When the spirally grooved impeller rotates, a hydrodynamic film between the robot and endocoeles is formed because of mucus existence in endocoeles. The generated axial thrust force of the impeller can drive robots to move. Because the hydrodynamic film is formed when the robot moves in endocoeles, injury may be prevented, so it can alleviate or avoid pain of sufferers. The generated axial thrust force of the impeller has been estimated according to the hydrodynamic lubrication theory and has been confirmed by experiments.

关键词： medical micro-robot miniature injury surgery noninvasive locomotion.

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