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Collective Calculation of Actual Values of non-photochemical Quenching from Their Apparent Values after Chloroplast Movement and Photoinhibition

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1792-1805页

作者： Ichiro Kasajima Noriyuki Suetsugu Masamitsu Wada Kentaro Takahara Institute for Environmental Science and Technology Saitama University Saitama Japan Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan Department of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Japan Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as Fv/Fm, NPQ and ΦII (YII) are widely used to estimate the fitness and photosynthetic activity of plant leaves and non-photochemical dissipation of excessive excitation energy in photosystem II. The effect of chloroplast movement on these fluorescence parameters reduces the accuracy of estimations of the size of de-excitation processes, but there is no method to calculate correct parameters from altered (fluctuated) parameters. Chloroplast movement was recently identified as the “middle” kinetic component of NPQ. In this paper, we devised a complex but reasonable mathematical method to remove the effect of chloroplast movement on fluorescence parameters, based on our previously reported fluorescence theory. The fraction of “S fluctuation” (designated as σ) was estimated from fluorescence observations and used to calculate the non-fluctuated Fs and F′m. fluorescence yields. From the σ values, the fractional change of light absorbance by a leaf caused by chloroplast movement was estimated at 70% - 100%, which varied according to the experimental conditions and plant species. The effect of photoinhibition on fluorescence parameters was also examined in this paper. The photochemical and non-photochemical de-excitation sizes during photoinhibition (measured by the parameters qPI and qSlow) changed on a single regression line. Using this correlation, qPI and qSlow can be predicted from Fv/Fm, and the non-fluctuated Fm and Fo values can be estimated from the fluctuated F″m and F″o values.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana Chlorophyll Fluorescence non-photochemical Quenching Rice

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Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and photodamage-resistant capacity in rice (Orysa sativa L.)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第17期45卷 1569-1575页

作者： Jl Benhua & JIAO Demao1. Institute of Agrobiological Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China 2. Department of Biology , Nantong Teachers College, Nantong 226007, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jiao Demao Institute of Agrobiological Genetics and Physiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing China Department of Biology Nantong Teachers College Nantong China

Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and subspecific difference of photodamage-resistant capacity have been studied in O. japonica rice varieties 02428 and 029 (photoinhibition-tolerance) and O. indica rice varieties 3037 and Palghar (photoinhibition-sensitivity) and their reciprocal cross F, hybrids after photoinhibitory treatment. It was shown that PS II photochemical efficiency (Fv /Fm) decreased, and xanthophyll cycle from violaxanthin (V), via anaxanthin (A), to zeaxanthin (Z) was enhanced and non-photochemical quenching (g/v) increased accordingly in SM-pretreated leaves of rice when the synthesis of D1 protein was inhibited, and that there was a decrease in qN and, as a result, more loss of D1 protein and a big decrease in Fv/Fm in DTT-pretreated leaves when xanthophyll cycle was inhibited. O. japonica subspecies had a higher maintaining capacity of D1 protein and a decrease of Fv /Fm in a more narrow range, and exhibited more resistance against photodamage, as compared with O.

关键词： D1 protein non-photochemical quenching photoinhibition of photosynthesis rice xanthophyll cycle.

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Response of Cowpea Genotypes to Drought Stress in Uganda

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第4期8卷 720-733页

作者： Saul Eric Mwale Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula Kassim Sadik Esther Achola Valentor Okul Paul Gibson Richard Edema Wales Singini Patrick Rubaihayo School of Agricultural Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Biological Sciences Department Mzuzu University Mzuzu Malawi National Agricultural Research Organization Arua Uganda

Moisture stress is a challenge to cowpea production in the drought prone areas of eastern and north eastern Uganda, with yield losses of up to 50% reported. Genotypes grown by farmers are not drought tolerant. This study was therefore, undertaken at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyolo to identify cowpea genotypes tolerant to drought. Thirty cowpea accessions comprising of Ugandan landraces and released varieties, Brazilian lines, Makerere University breeding lines, elite IITA germplasm and seven IITA?drought tolerant lines as checks were screened for drought tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 37 factorial and laid out in a split-plot arrangement, 37 genotypes of cowpea at two soil moisture stress levels (T1, no stress and T2, severe stress) with all factorial combinations replicated two times in a screen house. The genotypes showed considerable variability in tolerance to drought. Genotypes were significantly different for chlorophyll content (P ≤ 0.01), efficiency of photosystem II (P ≤ 0.05), non-photochemical quenching (P ≤ 0.05), recovery (P ≤ 0.01), delayed leaf senescence (P ≤ 0.01), grain yield (P ≤ 0.01), 100 seed weight (P ≤ 0.05), number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod (P ≤ 0.001). There was a highly significant positive correlation between chlorophyll content and efficiency of photosystem II (r = 0.75, P ≤ 0.001) implying that chlorophyll content and efficiency of photosystem II could be used as efficient reference indicators in the selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Genotypes SECOW 5T, SECOW 3B, SECOW 4W, WC 30 and MU 24 C gave relatively high yields under stress and no stress conditions, maintained above mean chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosystem II and had good recovery scores from stress and thus were tolerant to drought stress induced at both vegetative and reproductive stages.

关键词： Drought Tolerance Moisture Stress non-photochemical Quenching Split Plot

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