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Impact of the non-indigenous shrub species Spartium junceum (Fabaceae) on native vegetation in central Spain

Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 132-143页

作者： Rosario G.Gavilán Daniel Sánchez-Mata Mylena Gaudencio Alba Gutiérrez-Girón Beatriz Vilches Departamento de Biología Vegetal II Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad ComplutensePlaza de Ramón y Cajal s/nE-28040 MadridSpain

Aims The introduction of potentially invasive species through ornamental cultivation or for rehabilitation purposes is a serious environmental problem.They cause damage to biodiversity through loss,increased mortality or‘in situ’selection phenomena in natural flora.Spartium junceum is a Mediterranean shrub that is not native in most areas of the Iberian Peninsula,although it is extensively grown for the rehabilitation of roadsides.We have investigated the effect on the native vegetation of an old S.junceum(Fabaceae)plantation in a conservation area in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula:the Cuenca Alta del Manzanares nature reserve in Madrid.Methods We compared S.junceum stands with the native nanophanerophytic Cistus ladanifer community at different ecosystem properties:soil properties,temporal soil seed bank contents,standing vegetation and net primary production of annual grasslands growing in these shrublands.Important Findings The results highlighted S.junceum’s ability to become established in the new environment(marginal areas of the nature reserve)and ensure its successful growth.This is more apparent in northern and eastern exposures where this formation contacts with the core of the best conserved native vegetation in the nature reserve.Soils under Spartium showed a higher nitrogen content,indicating its capacity-in common with other legumes-to fix N,and conferring an advantage over Cistus,which is N-limited.Other soil nutrients such as phosphorus,magnesium and calcium and water availability are also higher in Spartium soils than in Cistus.Phosphorus is usually a constraint for N-fixers,but in our study,it is the most significant soil variable in both shrub formations and is important to the success of Spartium.Water availability is a key factor for Mediterranean vegetation,and particularly in autumn when soils are recharged.The Spartium formation is able to retain water as its growth produces a closer canopy than Cistus,thereby preventing water evaporation and contributing to the success of this specie

关键词： Cistus ladanifer community structure old fields invasive species Mediterranean plant communities non-native species soil seed bank shrublands rehabilitation practices

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Fine-scale analysis of heavily invaded Italian freshwater fish assemblages

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 500-511页

作者： Annamaria NOCITA Elena TRICARICO Sandro BERTOLINO Natural History Museum Section of Zoology“La Specola”University of FlorenceFirenzeItaly Department of Biology University of FlorenceFirenzeItaly Department of Agriculture Forest and Food SciencesGrugliascoItaly Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TurinTorinoItaly University of TurinItaly

Inland waters are highly vulnerable to the introduction and spread of non-native species,due to heavy human use of aquatic ecosystems and the natural linkages among streams and lakes.This is particularly noticeable in freshwater fish communities.To better evaluate how these communities are affected by non-native species introductions,we conducted a fine-scale analysis of the changes in Italian freshwater fish assemblages after species introduction.For this analysis,we collected information on fish species present in 44 basins.The present Italian freshwater fish fauna is composed of 48 native and 41 established introduced species,while a further 15 introduced species have been reported but are not yet considered naturalized.The changes in the fish assemblages mostly took place in the past 2 centuries and have increased recently,with nearly 60%of the species introduced in the past 3 decades.The number of species introduced per basin ranged from 0 to 35(mean 10.85±7.77 species/basin),and in 10 basins the number of species introduced is now equal to or even higher than the number of native species.In the past,introduced species mainly originated from America,but over the past three decades,an increase of introductions from other parts of Europe and Asia has been recorded.Our results show that basins already rich in native species tend to become even richer as a consequence of the establishment of introduced species.This confirms the trend toward a biotic homogenization of ecosystems even at a local scale,due to an increase in the human-mediated spread of generalist species.

关键词： biological invasions Ichthyofauna Italy non-native species species introductions

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Experimental culture of non-indigenous Juncus bufonius from King George Island, South Shetland Island, Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第1期26卷 24-29页

作者： Marely Cuba-Díaz Eduardo Fuentes Mauricio Rondanelli-Reyes ángela Machuca Departamento Ciencias y Tecnología Vegetal Escuela Ciencias.y Tecnología Universidad de Concepción Campus Los ángeles Juan Antonio Coloma 0201Los ángeles Chile

Juncus bufonius L. （Juncaceae） is recognized by the US Department of Agriculture as a weed or invasive plant. Recently, we reported on 3i bufonius L. var. bufonius associated with the native vascular plants Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis in the environs of the Polish Arctowski Station, King George Island, in the Maritime Antarctica. In this study, we evaluated the developmental stages and morphological characteristics of J. bufonius plants cultivated in controlled conditions beginning with seeds obtained from plants of the Antarctic population. Germination occurred at 3 weeks and the germination percentage was low （22.5%）. The average time between the anthesis and seed formation was 7 weeks, similar to that reported for other species in the Juncaceae. According to data reported in the literature, Antarctic individuals were significantly smaller than their relatives growing in other conditions, except for the number of inflorescences. The morphological characteristics of a species vary according to its distribution and the edaphoclimatic environment where it occur; cosmopolitan plants shuch as J. bufonius also have reduced stature in cold environments. The low percentage germination may have been due to water availability in the plant chamber in which the study was conducted. J. bufonius is intolerant of dry environments, and once it suffers hydric stress its recovery is very low; thus, a moister environment could be beneficial. J. bufonius has become established amongst native vegetation near Arctowski Station and without careful control or eradication; it may have the potential to spread far beyond the site, as has happened with the alien grass Poa annua as human disturbance and climate warming increase.

关键词： Antarctica invasive plants Juncus bufonius （toad rush） non-native species regional warming

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